1
|
王 华, 戴 世, 卢 铨, 叶 林, 李 华, 宋 希, 洪 涛, 沙 卫. [Effect of different time windows and interventions on skin pressure ulcers and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1688-1694. [PMID: 29292267 PMCID: PMC6744022 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of different time windows and interventions on skin pressure ulcers and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS Sixty?eight SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n=4) and model group (n=64). The rats in the model group were randomly divided into group A (n=32) without intervention and group B (n=32) with post?conditioning. The degree of skin compression, neutrophil infiltration and serum levels of free radicals were observed in the rats after compression for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h (8 rats at each time point). RESULTS A significant difference was found in the severity of skin damage among the control group, group A, and group B (P=0.001), and the injury was milder in group B than in group A. Severe skin lesions occurred in 2 rats after skin compression for 6 h, as compared with 6 after compression for 8 h (P=0.043), but in none of the rats after compression for 2 or 4. Seventeen rats in group B and 15 in group A showed grade 1 neutrophil infiltration in the skin lesions, and 8 rats in group B and 10 in group A showed grade II neutrophil infiltration (P=0.002). Neutrophil infiltration was the mildest in rats with a 2?h compression, and exacerbated progressively and significantly as the compression time extended (P=0.027). With the prolongation of the intervention time, the rats in both groups A and B showed decreased SOD and increased MDA and NO levels, and overall the I/R injury was milder in 2? and 4?h compression groups than in 6? and 8?h compression groups. The level of serum SOD was significantly higher and MDA and NO levels were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Ischemic post?conditioning can relieve I/R injury in acute pressure ulcer in rats. The effective time window for intervention is within 6 h of ischemia, and the effect of ischemic post-conditioning is optimal within 2 h. Ischemic post?conditioning can alleviate free radical injury and inflammation caused by I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 华军 王
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 世学 戴
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 铨 卢
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 林昌 叶
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 华 李
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 希 宋
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 涛 洪
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 卫红 沙
- />广东省医学科学院//广东省人民医院消化内科,广东 广州 510080Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Rodent Model of Cardiac Donation After Circulatory Death and Novel Biomarkers of Cardiac Viability During Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion. Transplantation 2017; 101:e231-e239. [PMID: 28505025 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) is increasingly being used as a means of addressing the organ supply/demand mismatch in solid organ transplantation. There is reluctance to use DCD hearts, due to an inability to precisely identify hearts that have suffered irreversible injury. We investigated novel biomarkers and clinically relevant endpoints across a spectrum of warm ischemic times, before and during ex vivo heart perfusion (EVHP), to identify features associated with a nonviable cardiac phenotype. METHODS Donor rats sustained a hypoxic cardiac arrest, followed by variable acirculatory standoff periods (DCD groups). Left ventricular function, histochemical injury, and differences in left ventricular gene expression were studied before, and during, EVHP. RESULTS As warm ischemic time exposure increased in DCD groups, fewer hearts were functional during EVHP, and ventricular function was increasingly impaired. Histochemical assessment identified severely injured hearts during EVHP. A novel gene expression signature identified severely injured hearts during EVHP (upregulation of c-Jun, 3.19 (2.84-3.60); P = 0.0014; HMOX-1, 3.87 (2.72-5.50); P = 0.0037; and Hsp90, 7.66 (6.32-9.27); P < 0.0001 in DCD20), and may be useful in identifying high-risk hearts at the point of harvest (Hsp90). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that our preclinical model recapitulates the cardio-respiratory decompensation observed in humans, and that EVHP appears necessary to unmask distinguishing features of severely injured DCD hearts. Furthermore, we outline a clinically relevant multimodal approach to assessing candidate DCD hearts. Novel mRNA signatures correlated with elevations in cardiac Troponin-I in severely injured hearts during EVHP, and may also detect injury at the point of harvest.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bux AS, Lindsey ML, Vasquez HG, Taegtmeyer H, Harmancey R. Glucose regulates the intrinsic inflammatory response of the heart to surgically induced hypothermic ischemic arrest and reperfusion. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:37-52. [PMID: 27940566 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00102.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the isolated working rat heart as a model to study early transcriptional remodeling induced in the setting of open heart surgery and stress hyperglycemia. Hearts of male Sprague Dawley rats were cold-arrested in Krebs-Henseleit buffer and subjected to 60 min normothermic reperfusion in the working mode with buffer supplemented with noncarbohydrate substrates plus glucose (25 mM) or mannitol (25 mM; osmotic control). Gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and compared with those of nonperfused hearts. Perfused hearts displayed a transcriptional signature independent from the presence of glucose showing a more than twofold increase in expression of 71 genes connected to inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These transcriptional alterations were very similar to the ones taking place in the hearts of open heart surgery patients. Prominent among those alterations was the upregulation of the three master regulators of metabolic reprogramming, MYC, NR4A1, and NR4A2. Targeted pathway analysis revealed an upregulation of metabolic processes associated with the proliferation and activation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Glucose potentiated the upregulation of a subset of genes associated with polarization of tissue reparative M2-like macrophages, an effect that was lost in perfused hearts from rats rendered insulin resistant by high-sucrose feeding. The results expose the heart as a significant source of proinflammatory mediators released in response to stress associated with cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and suggest a major role for glucose as a signal in the determination of resident cardiac macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Bux
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, and Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Madonna R, Cadeddu C, Deidda M, Giricz Z, Madeddu C, Mele D, Monte I, Novo G, Pagliaro P, Pepe A, Spallarossa P, Tocchetti CG, Varga ZV, Zito C, Geng YJ, Mercuro G, Ferdinandy P. Cardioprotection by gene therapy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 191:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Varga ZV, Zvara A, Faragó N, Kocsis GF, Pipicz M, Gáspár R, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Csonka C, Puskás LG, Thum T, Csont T, Ferdinandy P. MicroRNAs associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning: protectomiRs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H216-27. [PMID: 24858849 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00812.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize early changes in microRNA expression in acute cardioprotection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning in rat hearts. Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats were subjected to 1) time-matched nonischemic perfusion, 2) ischemia-reperfusion (30 min of coronary occlusion and 120 min of reperfusion), 3) preconditioning (3 × 5 min of coronary occlusion) followed by ischemia-reperfusion, or 4) ischemia-reperfusion with postconditioning (6 × 10 s of global ischemia-reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion). Infarct size was significantly reduced by both interventions. Of 350 different microRNAs assessed by microarray analysis, 147-160 microRNAs showed detectable expression levels. Compared with microRNA alterations induced by ischemia-reperfusion versus time-matched nonischemic controls, five microRNAs were significantly affected by both pre- and postconditioning (microRNA-125b*, microRNA-139-3p, microRNA-320, microRNA-532-3p, and microRNA-188), four microRNAs were significantly affected by preconditioning (microRNA-487b, microRNA-139-5p, microRNA-192, and microRNA-212), and nine microRNAs were significantly affected by postconditioning (microRNA-1, microRNA let-7i, microRNA let-7e, microRNA let-7b, microRNA-181a, microRNA-208, microRNA-328, microRNA-335, and microRNA-503). Expression of randomly selected microRNAs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. By a systematic comparison of the direction of microRNA expression changes in all groups, we identified microRNAs, specific mimics, or antagomiRs that may have pre- and postconditioning-like cardioprotective effects (protectomiRs). Transfection of selected protectomiRs (mimics of microRNA-139-5p, microRNA-125b*, microRNA let-7b, and inhibitor of microRNA-487b) into cardiac myocytes subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion showed a significant cytoprotective effect. This is the first demonstration that the ischemia-reperfusion-induced microRNA expression profile is significantly influenced by both pre- and postconditioning, which shows the involvement of microRNAs in cardioprotective signaling. Moreover, by analysis of microRNA expression patterns in cardioprotection by pre- and postconditioning, specific protectomiRs can be revealed as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Zvara
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Faragó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella F Kocsis
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institue of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tamás Csont
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sluijter JPG, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Ovize M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R, Van Laake LW. Novel therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:60-70. [PMID: 24837132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) remain significant worldwide. The treatment for acute myocardial infarction has improved over the past decades, including early reperfusion of occluded coronary arteries. Although it is essential to re-open the artery as soon as possible, paradoxically this leads to additional myocardial injury, called acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), for which currently no effective therapy is available. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from acute IRI in order to reduce myocardial infarction size, preserve cardiac function and improve clinical outcomes in patients with IHD. In this review article, we will first outline the pathophysiology of acute IRI and review promising therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. These include novel aspects of mitochondrial function, epigenetics, circadian clocks, the immune system, microvesicles, growth factors, stem cell therapy and gene therapy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of these novel cardioprotective strategies in terms of pharmacological targeting and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; ICIN, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Institute of Cardiology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michel Ovize
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, France; Inserm U1060-CarMeN, CIC de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratori Cardiologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|