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Mora-Zamacona P, Águila-Ramírez RN, Muñoz-Ochoa M, Pérez-Palafox XA, Sepúlveda De La Rosa Y, Band-Schmidt CJ, Cruz-Escalona VH. Stingray Envenomation: Consequences of an Embedded Spine. Cureus 2023; 15:e38885. [PMID: 37303329 PMCID: PMC10257442 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rays and skates are fish with flattened, pancake-shaped bodies that frequent shallow water, where they often lie hidden under the sand. Some of the batoid species are characterized by a stinger with serrated edges, which is covered by a tegument made up of specialized cells that secrete toxins and enzymes with proteolytic activity. Stingray injuries to humans are common in warm coastal regions. In this report, we present a case of an injury due to the insertion of a barb from a Pacific cownose ray, Rhinoptera steindachneri. We assess the tissue complications due to the retention of the spine in the foot, the subsequent infection that caused tissue necrosis, and the reconstructive surgery performed. Based on previous experience, we highly recommend performing diagnostic procedures such as soft tissue radiographs and MRI to ensure the absence of the barb within the wound and thereby avoid further complications. Current textbook treatment is based on limited scientific studies, case reports, and successful clinical treatment of many victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mora-Zamacona
- Bioeconomía Pesquera y Acuícola, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, MEX
| | - Ruth N Águila-Ramírez
- Desarrollo de Tecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, MEX
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Desarrollo de Tecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, MEX
| | - Xchel A Pérez-Palafox
- Pesquerías y Biología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, MEX
| | | | - Christine J Band-Schmidt
- Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, MEX
| | - Víctor H Cruz-Escalona
- Pesquerías y Biología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, MEX
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2
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Yu Y, Niu R, Zhao F, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang J, Cao Q, Fu R, Nateghahmadi MH, Sun Z. Moderate exercise relieves fluoride-induced liver and kidney inflammatory responses through the IKKβ/NFκB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78429-78443. [PMID: 35688983 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of environmental pollution, the content of fluoride is increasing in human and animal living environments. Long-term fluoride exposure can cause damage to the liver and kidney, which are the main sites for fluoride metabolism, storage and removal. Moreover, exercise often accompanies the entire process of fluoride exposure in humans and animals. However, the mechanism of exercise on fluoride-induced liver and kidney injury remains unclear. Hence, we established a fluoride exposure and/or exercise mouse model to explore the influence of exercise on fluoride-induced liver and kidney inflammation and the potential mechanism. The results showed that fluoride caused obvious structural and functional damage and the notable recruitment of immunocytes in the liver and kidney. In addition, fluoride increased the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-21, TNF-α, and TGF-β but decreased the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-2/IL-10, which indicated that fluoride disturbed the inflammatory balance and caused hepatonephritis. In addition, the expression levels of IKKβ and NFκB were increased, and the expression of IκBα was decreased after fluoride exposure, indicating that fluoride activated the IKKβ/NFκB pathway. In summary, long-term moderate treadmill exercise relieved fluoride-induced liver and kidney inflammatory responses through the IKKβ/NFκB pathway, and exercise can be used to prevent fluoride-induced liver and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghuan Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Fangye Zhao
- Department of Sport, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Hassan Nateghahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicne, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Diversity of Phospholipases A2 from Bothrops atrox Snake Venom: Adaptive Advantages for Snakes Compromising Treatments for Snakebite Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080543. [PMID: 36006204 PMCID: PMC9414272 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of snake venoms resulted in multigene toxin families that code for structurally similar isoforms eventually harboring distinct functions. PLA2s are dominant toxins in viper venoms, and little is known about the impact of their diversity on human envenomings and neutralization by antivenoms. Here, we show the isolation of three distinct PLA2s from B. atrox venom. FA1 is a Lys-49 homologue, and FA3 and FA4 are catalytic Asp-49 PLA2s. FA1 and FA3 are basic myotoxic proteins, while FA4 is an acid non-myotoxic PLA2. FA3 was the most potent toxin, inducing higher levels of edema, inflammatory nociception, indirect hemolysis, and anticoagulant activity on human, rat, and chicken plasmas. FA4 presented lower anticoagulant activity, and FA1 had only a slight effect on human and rat plasmas. PLA2s presented differential reactivities with antivenoms, with an emphasis on FA3, which was not recognized or neutralized by the antivenoms used in this study. Our findings reveal the functional and antigenic diversity among PLA2s from B. atrox venom, highlighting the importance of assessing venom variability for understanding human envenomations and treatment with antivenoms, particularly evident here as the antivenom fails to recognize FA3, the most active multifunctional toxin described.
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4
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Gonçalves E Silva F, Dos Santos HF, de Assis Leite DC, Lutfi DS, Vianna M, Rosado AS. Skin and stinger bacterial communities in two critically endangered rays from the South Atlantic in natural and aquarium settings. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1141. [PMID: 33226191 PMCID: PMC7755814 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities of two critically endangered rays from the South Atlantic, the butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela) and the groovebelly ray (Dasyatis hypostigma), were described using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. The study characterized the bacterial communities associated with (i) G. altavela in natural (in situ) and aquarium (ex situ) settings, (ii) skin and stinger of G. altavela, and D. hypostigma in aquaria, and (iii) newborns and adults of D. hypostigma. The results revealed potentially antibiotic‐producing bacterial groups on the skin of rays from the natural environment, and some taxa with the potential to benefit ray health, mainly in rays from the natural environment, as well as possible pathogens to other animals, including fish and humans. Differences were observed between the G. altavela and D. hypostigma bacteria composition, as well as between the skin and stinger bacterial composition. The bacterial community associated with D. hypostigma changed with the age of the ray. The aquarium environment severely impacted the G. altavela bacteria composition, which changed from a complex bacterial community to one dominated almost exclusively by two taxa, Oceanimonas sp. and Sediminibacterium sp. on the skin and stinger, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gonçalves E Silva
- BioTecPesca-Laboratory of Biology and Fisheries Technology-Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Oceanography Graduate Program of University of Rio de Janeiro State (PPG-OCN/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Vianna
- BioTecPesca-Laboratory of Biology and Fisheries Technology-Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,The Oceanography Graduate Program of University of Rio de Janeiro State (PPG-OCN/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,IMAM-AquaRio-Rio de Janeiro Aquarium Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,IMAM-AquaRio-Rio de Janeiro Aquarium Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Lameiras JLV, de Moura VM, Dias LC, Pessoa Júnior ER, Mallmann CSY, Costa AG, Lasmar ML, Nunez CV, da Costa OTF, Dos-Santos MC. Neutralization of the edema-forming and myotoxic activities of the venom of Potamotrygon motoro Müller and Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae) by antivenoms and circulating immunoglobulins. Toxicon 2020; 186:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Coelho Thomazi GO, da Costa A, Rodrigues JP, Alves GJ, Prezotto Neto JP, de Oliveira Turíbio T, Rocha AM, da Silva Aires R, Seibert CS, Spencer PJ, Galisteo Júnior AJ, de Andrade Júnior HF, do Nascimento N. Paratrygon aiereba irradiated anti-mucus serum reduce edematogenic activity induced in experimental model. Toxicon 2020; 178:13-19. [PMID: 32067999 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accidents by freshwater stingrays are common in northern Brazil, there is no specific therapy for high morbidity and local tissue destruction. The irradiation of venoms and toxins by ionizing radiation has been used to produce appropriate immunogens for the production of antisera. We planned to study the efficacy of stinging mucus irradiation in the production of antisera, with serum neutralization assays of edematogenic activity and quantification of cytokines performed in animal models of immunization with native and irradiated mucus of Paratrygon aiereba, a large freshwater stingray. Antiserum potency and its cross-reactivity with mucus from other freshwater stingrays were detected by ELISA. Immunization models demonstrated the ability to stimulate a strong humoral response with elevated levels of serum IgG detectable by ELISA, and both native and irradiated mucus were immunogenic and capable of recognizing mucus proteins from other freshwater neotropical stingrays. Mucus P. aiereba causes cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses in cells of immunized mice producing antibodies and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17. Rabbit antisera immunized with mucus from P. aiereba irradiated at 2 kGy showed a significant reduction of mucus-induced edematogenic activity in mice. Our data suggest that the use of antisera against freshwater stingray mucus show the possibility of specific therapy for these accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ortega Coelho Thomazi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea da Costa
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Polizeli Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Glaucie Jussilane Alves
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Pedro Prezotto Neto
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thompson de Oliveira Turíbio
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Moreira Rocha
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel da Silva Aires
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Simone Seibert
- Ciências do Ambiente, Campus de Palmas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, Avenida NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP, 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
| | - Patrick Jack Spencer
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrés Jimenez Galisteo Júnior
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nanci do Nascimento
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Coelho GR, Neto PP, Barbosa FC, Dos Santos RS, Brigatte P, Spencer PJ, Sampaio SC, D'Amélio F, Pimenta DC, Sciani JM. Biochemical and biological characterization of the Hypanus americanus mucus: A perspective on stingray immunity and toxins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:832-840. [PMID: 31425832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stingrays skin secretions are largely studied due to the human envenoming medical relevance of the sting puncture that evolves to inflammatory events, including necrosis. Such toxic effects can be correlated to the biochemical composition of the sting mucus, according to the literature. Fish skin plays important biological roles, such as the control of the osmotic pressure gradient, protection against mechanical forces and microorganism infections. The mucus, on the other hand, is a rich and complex fluid, acting on swimming, nutrition and the innate immune system. The elasmobranch's epidermis is a tissue composed mainly by mucus secretory cells, and marine stingrays have already been described to present secretory glands spread throughout the body. Little is known about the biochemical composition of the stingray mucus, but recent studies have corroborated the importance of mucus in the envenomation process. Aiming to assess the mucus composition, a new non-invasive mucus collection method was developed that focused on peptides and proteins, and biological assays were performed to analyze the toxic and immune activities of the Hypanus americanus mucus. Pathophysiological characterization showed the presence of peptidases on the mucus, as well as the induction of edema and leukocyte recruitment in mice. The fractionated mucus improved phagocytosis on macrophages and showed antimicrobial activity against T. rubrumç. neoformans and C. albicans in vitro. The proteomic analyses showed the presence of immune-related proteins like actin, histones, hemoglobin, and ribosomal proteins. This protein pattern is similar to those reported for other fish mucus and stingray venoms. This is the first report depicting the Hypanus stingray mucus composition, highlighting its biochemical composition and importance for the stingray immune system and the possible role on the envenomation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Brigatte
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo-UNICID, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, Brazil; Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Brazil.
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8
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Lameiras JLV, Costa OTFD, Dos-Santos MC. Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae): biology, general features and envenomation. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1542406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Quantitativa, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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9
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Kimura LF, Santos-Neto M, Barbaro KC, Picolo G. Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom induces both neurogenic and inflammatory pain behavior in rodents. Toxicon 2018; 150:168-174. [PMID: 29803862 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater stingray accidents cause an immediate, intense, and unrelieved pain which is followed by edema, erythema and necrosis formation. Treatment for stingray envenomation is based on administration of analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Concerning pain control, it is prescribed to immerse punctured limb on hot water to alleviate pain. There are no studies demonstrating specific targets on which stingray venom acts to promote pain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate some mechanisms of Potamotrygon motoro venom (PmV) that contribute to nociception induction. Evaluating spontaneous pain behavior in mice injected i.pl. with PmV, it was seen that PmV induced both neurogenic and inflammatory pain. PmV also induced hyperalgesia in both mice and rats, evaluated through electronic von Frey and rat paw pressure test, respectively. Partial inhibition of hyperalgesia was observed in mice treated with cromolyn or promethazine, which indicated that mast cell and histamine via H1 receptor participate in the inflammatory pain. To search for some targets involved in PmVinduced hyperalgesia, the participation of TRPV1, calcium channels, neurokinins, CGRP, and norepinephrine, was evaluated in rats. It was seen that PmV-induced hyperalgesia occurs with the participation of neurokinins, mainly via NK1 receptor, CGRP, and calcium influx, through both P/Q and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, besides TRPV1 activation. The data presented herein indicate that PmV causes hyperalgesia in rodents which is dependent on the participation of several neuroinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Kimura
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - K C Barbaro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G Picolo
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Lameiras JLV, Moura VMD, Dias LC, Santos IGCD, Costa OTFD, Dos-Santos MC. Cross-reactivity betweenPotamotrygon motoroantivenoms and dorsal and stinger extracts of others stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Amazon basin. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1394324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Valéria Mourão de Moura
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Lucas Castanhola Dias
- Laboratório Temático de Microscopia Ótica e Eletrônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ilia Gilmara Carvalho dos Santos
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Quantitativa, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, Brazil
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11
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Mendes VA, Barbaro KC, Sciani JM, Vassão RC, Pimenta DC, Jared C, Antoniazzi MM. The cutaneous secretion of the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi: Biochemical characterization and some biological effects. Toxicon 2016; 122:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Involvement of mast cells and histamine in edema induced in mice by Scolopendra viridicornis centipede venom. Toxicon 2016; 121:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Kimura LF, Prezotto-Neto JP, Távora BCLF, Faquim-Mauro EL, Pereira NA, Antoniazzi MM, Jared SGS, Teixeira CFP, Santoro ML, Barbaro KC. Mast cells and histamine play an important role in edema and leukocyte recruitment induced by Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom in mice. Toxicon 2015; 103:65-73. [PMID: 26100666 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response caused by Potamotrygon motoro stingray venom (PmV) in mouse paws. Pre-treatment of animals with a mast cell degranulation inhibitor (cromolyn) diminished edema (62% of inhibition) and leukocyte influx into the site of PmV injection. Promethazine (histamine type 1 receptor antagonist) or thioperamide (histamine type 3 and 4 receptor antagonist) also decreased edema (up to 30%) and leukocyte numbers, mainly neutrophils (40-50 %). Cimetidine (histamine type 2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on PmV-induced inflammation. In the RBL-2H3 lineage of mast cells, PmV caused proper cell activation, in a dose-dependent manner, with release of PGD2 and PGE2. In addition, the role of COXs products on PmV inflammatory response was evaluated. Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor) or etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) partially diminished edema (around 20%) in PmV-injected mice. Indomethacin, but not etoricoxib, modulated neutrophil influx into the site of venom injection. In conclusion, mast cell degranulation and histamine, besides COXs products, play an important role in PmV-induced reaction. Since PmV mechanism of action remains unknown, hindering accurate treatment, clinical studies can be performed to validate the prescription of antihistaminic drugs, besides NSAIDs, to patients injured by freshwater stingrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Kimura
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Pedro Prezotto-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca C L F Távora
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana L Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole A Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone G S Jared
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina F P Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C Barbaro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Ziegman R, Alewood P. Bioactive components in fish venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1497-531. [PMID: 25941767 PMCID: PMC4448160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Ziegman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Paul Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Torrez PPQ, Quiroga MM, Said R, Abati PAM, França FOS. Tetanus after envenomations caused by freshwater stingrays. Toxicon 2015; 97:32-5. [PMID: 25576234 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Injuries caused by freshwater stingray are common in several regions of South America, although they are underreported. The riverside inhabitants are the main victims in the Amazonian and Midwest regions of South America. The fishermen are injured mainly in the new focus of colonization of the rivers by freshwater stingrays. With the increasing population in these regions, where freshwater stingrays are found, there has been a significant increase in injuries within the general population. The highest increase occurred among tourists from other regions, where these animals are not known, when visiting these areas. The envenomations from the stingray causes prolonged and intense pain, both local and regionally. Generally these are associated with other local inflammatory manifestations, such as swelling and erythema. The injury often progresses to necrosis and it is considered potentially tetanogenic. A secondary infection is also a frequent local complication and most frequently is caused by Aeromonas species, usually Aeromonas hydrophila. Herein we report the first 2 cases of tetanus after freshwater stingray injuries: a 51-year-old men who had tetanus and recovered without sequel and the second a 67-year-old men who had severe tetanus and a deep, necrotizing soft-tissue infection with sepsis, septic shock and evolution to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasesa P Q Torrez
- Advanced Tropical Medicine Center, Santarém, Pará of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana M Quiroga
- Advanced Tropical Medicine Center, Santarém, Pará of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Said
- Advanced Tropical Medicine Center, Santarém, Pará of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A M Abati
- Advanced Tropical Medicine Center, Santarém, Pará of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco O S França
- Advanced Tropical Medicine Center, Santarém, Pará of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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