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Kumar P, Gupta S, Das BC. Saliva as a potential non-invasive liquid biopsy for early and easy diagnosis/prognosis of head and neck cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101827. [PMID: 38042138 PMCID: PMC10701368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the most devastating diseases in India and southeast Asia. It is a preventable and curable disease if detected early. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two major risk-factors but infection of high-risk HPVs are also associated with development of predominantly oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Interestingly, unlike cervical cancer, HPV-induced HNSCCs show good prognosis and better survival in contrast, majority of tobacco-associated HPV-ve HNSCCs are highly aggressive with poor clinical outcome. Biomarker analysis in circulatory body-fluids for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring are becoming important in clinical practice. Early diagnosis using non-invasive saliva for oral or other diseases plays an important role in successful treatment and better prognosis. Saliva mirrors the body's state of health as it comes into direct contact with oral lesions and needs no trained manpower to collect, making it a suitable bio-fluid of choice for screening. Saliva can be used to detect not only virus, bacteria and other biomarkers but variety of molecular and genetic markers for an early detection, treatment and monitoring cancer and other diseases. The performance of saliva-based diagnostics are reported to be highly (≥95 %) sensitive and specific indicating the test's ability to correctly identify true positive or negative cases. This review focuses on the potentials of saliva in the early detection of not only HPV or other pathogens but also identification of highly reliable gene mutations, oral-microbiomes, metabolites, salivary cytokines, non-coding RNAs and exosomal miRNAs. It also discusses the importance of saliva as a reliable, cost-effective and an easy alternative to invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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Choi SY, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Differential expression and sorting of exosomal microRNAs upon activation of the human monocyte-like cell line U937. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Targeting miRNA by Natural Products: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6641031. [PMID: 34426744 PMCID: PMC8380168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as multifactorial chronic liver disease and the lack of a specific treatment have begun a new era in its treatment using gene expression changes and microRNAs. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds in NAFLD by regulating miRNA expression. MicroRNAs play essential roles in regulating the cell's biological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and adipocyte differentiation, by controlling the posttranscriptional gene expression level. The impact of current NAFLD pharmacological management, including drug and biological therapies, is uncertain. In this context, various dietary fruits or medicinal herbal sources have received worldwide attention versus NAFLD development. Natural ingredients such as berberine, lychee pulp, grape seed, and rosemary possess protective and therapeutic effects against NAFLD by modifying the gene's expression and noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs.
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Timofeeva AV, Fedorov IS, Pirogova MM, Vasilchenko ON, Chagovets VV, Ezhova LS, Zabelina TM, Shmakov RG, Sukhikh GT. Clusterin and Its Potential Regulatory microRNAs as a Part of Secretome for the Diagnosis of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: Accreta, Increta, and Percreta Cases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040270. [PMID: 33805203 PMCID: PMC8064394 DOI: 10.3390/life11040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound methods used for the diagnosis of an abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) have a wide range of sensitivity (Se, 33–93%) and specificity (Sp, 71–100%) levels, which results in a high risk of unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes. The relevance of optimizing the diagnosis of AIP is beyond doubt. Given the epigenetic nature of trophoblast invasion, we aimed to quantitate microRNAs and proteins of their target genes that are potentially associated with AIP in blood plasma samples from 64 pregnant women at gestation weeks 30–34 by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Statistically significant increases in the expression levels of hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-320a-3p were revealed in the groups of women with AIP (accreta, increta, percreta) relative to the group of women with scars on the uterus or to the group with placenta previa. Opposite changes in the expression level of “gene–target protein/miRNA” pairs were found for the α-subunit of the clusterin secretory form and any of the hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, and hsa-miR-17-5p in all cases of AIP. The developed logistic regression models to diagnose AIP cases of various severity gave Se values of 88.8–100% and Sp values of 91.6–100% using a combination of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, or clusterin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika V. Timofeeva
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-4955314444
| | - Ivan S. Fedorov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Mariya M. Pirogova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Oksana N. Vasilchenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Vitaliy V. Chagovets
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Larisa S. Ezhova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Tatiana M. Zabelina
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Roman G. Shmakov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Gennadiy T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, First Moscow State Medical University Named after I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Yamaguchi M, Omori K, Asada S, Yoshida H. Epigenetic Regulation of ALS and CMT: A Lesson from Drosophila Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020491. [PMID: 33419039 PMCID: PMC7825332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the third most common neurodegenerative disorder and is sometimes associated with frontotemporal dementia. Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most commonly inherited peripheral neuropathies causing the slow progression of sensory and distal muscle defects. Of note, the severity and progression of CMT symptoms markedly vary. The phenotypic heterogeneity of ALS and CMT suggests the existence of modifiers that determine disease characteristics. Epigenetic regulation of biological functions via gene expression without alterations in the DNA sequence may be an important factor. The methylation of DNA, noncoding RNA, and post-translational modification of histones are the major epigenetic mechanisms. Currently, Drosophila is emerging as a useful ALS and CMT model. In this review, we summarize recent studies linking ALS and CMT to epigenetic regulation with a strong emphasis on approaches using Drosophila models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (K.O.); (S.A.)
- Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co. Ltd., Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kentaro Omori
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (K.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Satoshi Asada
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (K.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (K.O.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
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Wen CX, Tian HL, Chen E, Liu JF, Liu XX. MiRNA-873-5p Acts as a Potential Novel Biomarker and Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression by Regulating ZEB1 via Notch Signaling Pathway. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211001255. [PMID: 35185415 PMCID: PMC8851136 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our group aimed to investigate the expression pattern of miRNA-873-5p in cervical cancer (CC) patients and its association with CC progression. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied for the examination of the expressions of miRNA-873-5p in both CC specimens and cell lines. The clinical significance of miRNA-873-5p was statistically analyzed. MTT, colony formation, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis changes of Hela and Siha cell line. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blots were utilized to identify the target genes of miRNA-873-5p. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to judge the dysregulation of Notch signaling. RESULTS Our results indicated that miRNA-873-5p expression was distinctly reduced in CC patients. Low miRNA-873-5p expressions were distinctly correlated with positively distant metastasis, The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and poor prognosis of CC patients. A functional assay using miRNA-873-5p mimics indicated that overexpression of miRNA-873-5p distinctly suppressed CC cells proliferation and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis. Bioinformatic assays revealed that miRNA-873-5p may target the 3'-UTR of ZEB1 and lead to the suppression of its translation, which was verified by the use of luciferase assays. Finally, overexpression of miRNA-873-5p suppressed the expressions of Jag1, Maml2 and Hey1. CONCLUSION Taken together, we firstly provided evidence that miRNA-873-5p expression was a poor favorable factor for CC patients, and the use of miRNA-873-5p may represent a and potential biomarker and promising therapeutic approach for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Li Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - E Chen
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Fang Liu
- Department of Rongjun, Dongying Rongjun Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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Choi SY, Han EC, Hong SH, Kwon TG, Lee Y, Lee HJ. Regulating Osteogenic Differentiation by Suppression of Exosomal MicroRNAs. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 25:1146-1154. [PMID: 30520703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We investigated the role of exosomes in osteogenesis and the use of miRNA inhibitor-transfected exosomes to control osteogenic differentiation. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of exosomal miRNAs revealed that growth condition of milieu of preosteoblast exosomes harbors high levels of let-7, which plays a critical role in osteogenesis regulation. We modified exosomes by transfecting let-7 inhibitor into exosomes under growth condition in MC3T3-E1 cells and revealed that exosomes whose let-7 was inactivated by engineering lost the ability to recover osteogenic differentiation. Genetically modified exosomes may serve as powerful biomaterials for developmental control, including of osteogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Choi
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Chong Han
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Geon Kwon
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- 3Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,4Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Han EC, Choi SY, Lee Y, Park JW, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Extracellular RNAs in periodontopathogenic outer membrane vesicles promote TNF-α production in human macrophages and cross the blood-brain barrier in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:13412-13422. [PMID: 31545910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901575r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the main bacteria implicated in the pathology of periodontal disease, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is well known for causing loss of periodontal attachment and systemic disease. Recent studies have suggested that secreted extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) from several bacteria may be important in periodontitis, although their role is unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that exRNAs circulate in nanosized bilayered and membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the small RNA expression profiles in activated human macrophage-like cells (U937) infected with OMVs from Aa and investigated whether these cells can harbor exRNAs of bacterial origin that have been loaded into the host RNA-induced silencing complex, thus regulating host target transcripts. Our results provide evidence for the cytoplasmic delivery and activity of microbial EV-derived small exRNAs in host gene regulation. The production of TNF-α was promoted by exRNAs via the TLR-8 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Numerous studies have linked periodontal disease to neuroinflammatory diseases but without elucidating specific mechanisms for the connection. We show here that intracardiac injection of Aa OMVs in mice showed successful delivery to the brain after crossing the blood-brain barrier, the exRNA cargos increasing expression of TNF-α in the mouse brain. The current study indicates that host gene regulation by microRNAs originating from OMVs of the periodontal pathogen Aa is a novel mechanism for host gene regulation and that the transfer of OMV exRNAs to the brain may cause neuroinflammatory diseases like Alzheimer's.-Han, E.-C., Choi, S.-Y., Lee, Y., Park, J.-W., Hong, S.-H., Lee, H.-J. Extracellular RNAs in periodontopathogenic outer membrane vesicles promote TNF-α production in human macrophages and cross the blood-brain barrier in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Chong Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Microbe-Host Communication by Small RNAs in Extracellular Vesicles: Vehicles for Transkingdom RNA Transportation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061487. [PMID: 30934547 PMCID: PMC6472211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionary well-conserved nano-sized membranous vesicles that are secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Recently, they have gained great attention for their proposed roles in cell-to-cell communication, and as biomarkers for human disease. In particular, small RNAs (sRNAs) contained within EVs have been considered as candidate interspecies-communication molecules, due to their demonstrated capacity to modulate gene expression in multiple cell types and species. While research into this field is in its infancy, elucidating the mechanisms that underlie host–microbe interactions and communications promises to impact many fields of biological research, including human health and medicine. Thus, this review discussed the results of recent studies that have examined the ways in which EVs and sRNAs mediate ‘microbe–host’ and ‘host–microbe’ interspecies communication.
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Qureshi IA, Mehler MF. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying nervous system diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 147:43-58. [PMID: 29325627 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63233-3.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms act as control systems for modulating genomic structure and activity in response to evolving profiles of cell-extrinsic, cell-cell, and cell-intrinsic signals. These dynamic processes are responsible for mediating cell- and tissue-specific gene expression and function and gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation; histone protein posttranslational modifications, nucleosome remodeling/repositioning, and higher-order chromatin reorganization; noncoding RNA regulation; and RNA editing. These mechanisms are intimately involved in executing fundamental genomic programs, including gene transcription, posttranscriptional RNA processing and transport, translation, X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, retrotransposon regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. For the nervous system, epigenetics offers a novel and robust framework for explaining how brain development and aging occur, neural cellular diversity is generated, synaptic and neural network connectivity and plasticity are mediated, and complex cognitive and behavioral phenotypes are inherited transgenerationally. Epigenetic factors and processes are, not surprisingly, implicated in nervous system disease pathophysiology through several emerging paradigms - mutations and genetic variation in genes encoding epigenetic factors; impairments in epigenetic factor expression, localization, and function; epigenetic mechanisms modulating disease-associated factors and pathways; and the presence of deregulated epigenetic profiles in central and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Qureshi
- Roslyn and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mark F Mehler
- Roslyn and Leslie Goldstein Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities; Einstein Cancer Center; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Stem Cell Institute; and Center for Epigenomics and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Choi JW, Um JH, Cho JH, Lee HJ. Tiny RNAs and their voyage via extracellular vesicles: Secretion of bacterial small RNA and eukaryotic microRNA. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1475-1481. [PMID: 28741379 PMCID: PMC5648287 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217723166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs and have transcriptional or translational inhibitory function in eukaryotes. Before microRNAs were widely known, bacterial non-coding small RNAs around 50-200 nt in length were discovered whose mechanism of action resembled that of microRNAs. Recently, RNAs that are of similar size to or smaller than microRNAs have been discovered in bacteria and indeed, this class of small RNAs have been found throughout all domains of life. Moreover, recent findings suggest that these tiny RNAs can be released via extracellular vesicles (such as exosomes in eukaryotes and outer membrane vesicles in bacteria), which in turn heralds a new field of research, interkingdom communication. This review discusses two similar classes of small RNAs in evolutionarily distinct eukaryotes and bacteria. In addition to their biogenesis and regulation, we discuss small RNA vehicles and their secretion. Impact statement The possible endogenous functions of small RNAs such as regulatory small RNAs in bacteria and microRNAs in eukaryotes have been extensively studied since they were first discovered. However, their powerful functions should not be seen as limited to their cells of origin. Recently, several papers have demonstrated that small RNAs function as signaling molecules between cells. This is possible because small RNAs can be shuttled around after being incorporated into environmentally protective extracellular vesicles. It is now clearly plausible that secreted small RNAs can regulate other types of cells through biofluids. Given their "common molecule" status, the role of small RNAs in mediating bacteria-human crosstalk is an emerging and competitive area of genetic research. This review provides insight into the function of small RNAs in intercellular and even interkingdom communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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Setién-Olarra A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Marichalar-Mendia X. The role of microRNAs in oral lichenoid disorders. Systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e548-e553. [PMID: 28809371 PMCID: PMC5694176 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Certain changes in the microRNA expression are considered to be associated with chronic inflammatory processes and with the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders. The purpose of this systematic review is to update the existing data on the aberrant microRNA expression profiles identified in oral lichenoid disease (OLD). Material and Methods A search in PubMed-Medline and Scopus was performed on the English literature published between 2010 and August 2016 using the following keywords: oral lichenoid disease, oral lichen planus and microRNA. Results Originally, 25 articles were considered, of which 12 case-control articles were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Conclusions OLD seems to have altered microRNA expression profile. Certain altered microRNAs (146a, 155) may be useful as biomarkers for this disorder. More studies including larger number of cases are needed in order to study further on the biological processes and on the regulation pathways of these altered microRNAs. Key words:microRNAs, oral lichenoid disease, oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Setién-Olarra
- Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Department of Stomatology II, University of the Basque Country/ EHU, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain,
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Li H, Yang T, Ning Q, Shang D, Yao Y, Sun Z. WITHDRAWN: MicroRNA-505 modulates cancer proliferation and migration in human non-small cell lung cancer through inverse regulation of FZD4. Lung Cancer 2017:S0169-5002(17)30270-2. [PMID: 28438350 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Following peer-review and acceptance of the above referenced paper for publication in Lung Cancer, the Editor-in-Chief was contacted by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Gene Therapy, with information that the manuscript had simultaneously been submitted to both Lung Cancer and Gene Therapy. A referee selected to review the manuscript for Gene Therapy was also contacted by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Respiratory Research, with a request to review the same manuscript for that journal. The three journals ascertained that the manuscript had been simultaneously submitted to all three journals. In addition, as part of their investigation of potential simultaneous submission, the Editors of Lung Cancer compared the manuscript submitted to Gene Therapy with that accepted for publication in Lung Cancer, and this has raised concerns related to the data presented in the paper. The paper accepted for publication in Lung Cancer examines A549 and H810 cells. The paper submitted to Gene Therapy examines A549 and H510A cells. However, the data presented in both papers, including the figures, are identical. The Editors of Lung Cancer have asked the authors for an explanation, but the corresponding author has not responded. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- Department of Respiratory, Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Yu B, Hu R, Hao L. Oncogene LSD1 is epigenetically suppressed by miR-137 overexpression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Biochimie 2017; 137:12-19. [PMID: 28223039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the epigenetic regulation of microRNA-137 (miR-137) on lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A, or LSD1) induced oncogenic effects in NSCLC. METHODS NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H460 cells were transfected with a mammalian LSD1 overexpression plasmid. It's effects on endogenous KDM1A gene and LSD1 protein expressions were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot assays. NSCLC proliferation and migration were also examined by MTT proliferation and wound-scratch assays, respectively. In LSD1-overexpeseed NSCLC cells, lentiviral transfection was conducted to upregulated miR-137 expression. The subsequent effects of miR-137 upregulation on LSD1-mediated cancer regulations were also examined. In addition, key components of histone deacetylases-associated signaling pathways, including EZH2, HDAC1 and HDAC2 were also examined by western blot in LSD1-and miR-137-mediated NSCLC cells. RESULTS Mammalian LSD1 overexpression plasmid was efficient in upregulating KDM1A gene and LSD1 protein in A549 and H460 cells. It also exerted oncogenic effects in NSCLC by promoting cancer proliferation and migration. MiR-137 was inversely correlated with LSD1 in NSCLC, as lentivirus-mediated miR-137 upregulation suppressed KDM1A/LSD1 productions and inhibited proliferation or migration in LSD1-overexpressed A549 and H460 cells. Further western blot analysis demonstrated EZH2, HDAC1 and HDAC2 were activated by LSD1, but inhibited by miR-137 in NSCLC. CONCLUSION Oncogenic effects of LSD1 were reversely regulated by its upstream epigenetic modulator miR-137 in NSCLC. The interaction between LSD1 and miR-137 may very well involve the regulation on histone deacetylases-associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Respiration, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Rongpeng Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaocheng Infection Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Lanxiang Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224001, China
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15
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Elkhadragy L, Chen M, Miller K, Yang MH, Long W. A regulatory BMI1/let-7i/ERK3 pathway controls the motility of head and neck cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:194-207. [PMID: 28079973 PMCID: PMC5288292 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), whose biological activity is tightly regulated by its cellular abundance. Recent studies have revealed that ERK3 is upregulated in multiple cancers and promotes cancer cell migration/invasion and drug resistance. Little is known, however, about how ERK3 expression level is upregulated in cancers. Here, we have identified the oncogenic polycomb group protein BMI1 as a positive regulator of ERK3 level in head and neck cancer cells. Mechanistically, BMI1 upregulates ERK3 expression by suppressing the tumor suppressive microRNA (miRNA) let‐7i, which directly targets ERK3 mRNA. ERK3 then acts as an important downstream mediator of BMI1 in promoting cancer cell migration. Importantly, ERK3 protein level is positively correlated with BMI1 level in head and neck tumor specimens of human patients. Taken together, our study revealed a molecular pathway consisting of BMI1, miRNA let‐7i, and ERK3, which controls the migration of head and neck cancer cells, and suggests that ERK3 kinase is a potential new therapeutic target in head and neck cancers, particularly those with BMI1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kennon Miller
- Department of Pathology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinic Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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16
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Choi JW, Kim SC, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Secretable Small RNAs via Outer Membrane Vesicles in Periodontal Pathogens. J Dent Res 2017; 96:458-466. [PMID: 28068479 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516685071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be major regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. However, bacterial RNAs comparable in size to eukaryotic miRNAs (18-22 nucleotides) have received little attention. Recently, a novel class of small RNAs similar in size to miRNAs (miRNA-size, small RNAs or msRNAs) have also been found in several bacteria. Like miRNAs, msRNAs are approximately 15 to 25 nucleotides in length, and their precursors are predicted to form a hairpin loop secondary structure. Here, we identified msRNAs in the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola. We examined these msRNAs using a deep sequencing method and characterized dozens of msRNAs through bioinformatic analysis. Highly expressed msRNAs were selected for further validation. The findings suggest that this class of small RNAs is well conserved across the domains of life. Indeed, msRNAs secreted via bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were detected. The ability of bacterial OMVs to deliver RNAs into eukaryotic cells was also observed. These msRNAs in OMVs allowed us to identify their potential human immune-related target genes. Furthermore, we found that exogenous msRNAs could suppress expression of certain cytokines in Jurkat T cells. We propose msRNAs may function as novel bacterial signaling molecules that mediate bacteria-to-human interactions. Furthermore, this study may provide fresh insight into bacterial pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Choi
- 1 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S-C Kim
- 1 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S-H Hong
- 1 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - H-J Lee
- 1 Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,2 Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Choi JW, Kwon TY, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Isolation and Characterization of a microRNA-size Secretable Small RNA in Streptococcus sanguinis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 76:293-301. [PMID: 27796789 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs in eukaryotic cells are thought to control highly complex signal transduction and other biological processes by regulating coding transcripts, accounting for their important role in cellular events in eukaryotes. Recently, a novel class of bacterial RNAs similar in size [18-22 nucleotides (nt)] to microRNAs has been reported. Herein, we describe microRNAs, small RNAs from the oral pathogen Streptococcus sanguinis. The bacteria are normally present in the oral cavities and cause endocarditis by contaminating bloodstreams. Small RNAs were analyzed by deep sequencing. Selected highly expressed small RNAs were further validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot analyses. We found that skim milk supplement changed the expression of small RNAs S.S-1964 in tandem with the nearby SSA_0513 gene involved in vitamin B12 conversion. We furthermore observed small RNAs secreted via bacterial membrane vesicles. Although their precise function remains unclear, secretable small RNAs may represent an entirely new area of study in bacterial genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Yub Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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18
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Mahgoub A, Steer CJ. MicroRNAs in the Evaluation and Potential Treatment of Liver Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E52. [PMID: 27171116 PMCID: PMC4882481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease continue to result in significant morbidity and mortality of patients, along with increasing burden on their families, society and the health care system. This in part is due to increased incidence of liver disease associated factors such as metabolic syndrome; improved survival of patients with chronic predisposing conditions such as HIV; as well as advances in the field of transplantation and associated care leading to improved survival. The fact that one disease can result in different manifestations and outcomes highlights the need for improved understanding of not just genetic phenomenon predisposing to a condition, but additionally the role of epigenetic and environmental factors leading to the phenotype of the disease. It is not surprising that providers continue to face daily challenges pertaining to diagnostic accuracy, prognostication of disease severity, progression, and response to therapies. A number of these challenges can be addressed by incorporating a personalized approach of management to the current paradigm of care. Recent advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics have paved the way to more accurate, individualized and precise approach to caring for liver disease. The study of microRNAs and their role in both healthy and diseased livers is one example of such advances. As these small, non-coding RNAs work on fine-tuning of cellular activities and organ function in a dynamic and precise fashion, they provide us a golden opportunity to advance the field of hepatology. The study of microRNAs in liver disease promises tremendous improvement in hepatology and is likely to lay the foundation towards a personalized approach in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Mahgoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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A circulating non-coding RNA panel as an early detection predictor of non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2016; 151:235-242. [PMID: 26946307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis is generally poor due to the lack of convenient and noninvasive tools. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) are non-coding RNAs, that have attracted increased attention for their use as NSCLC tumor diagnostic markers. MAIN METHODS We constructed a serum miRNA and MALAT1 non-coding RNA panel and tested its diagnostic performance as an NSCLC biomarker. We tested the expression of 11 candidate miRNAs and MALAT1 in a training set (36 NSCLCs vs. 36 controls) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. The serum non-coding RNA panel's diagnostic efficiency was tested and validated in a second validation sample set (120 NSCLCs and 71 controls) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. KEY FINDINGS In the training set, the expression of the four non-coding RNAs (miR-1254, miR-485-5p, miR-574-5p, and MALAT1) was obviously different between the NSCLC patients and healthy controls. Risk score analysis revealed that the four non-coding RNA panel can distinguish NSCLC patient samples from controls. The ROC curve results revealed areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.861 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.771-0.952) and 0.844 (95% CI0.778-0.910) for the training set and validation set, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The four non-coding RNA risk scores were also associated with NSCLC progression, and its diagnostic efficiency was relatively high for stages I/II/III. In conclusion, these data indicate that the four non-coding RNA panel can serve as a convenient tool for early NSCLC diagnosis.
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20
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Baffy G. MicroRNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1977-88. [PMID: 26690233 PMCID: PMC4693153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder. Strongly linked to obesity and diabetes, NAFLD has the characteristics of complex diseases with substantial heterogeneity. Accordingly, our ability to predict the risk of advanced NAFLD and provide efficient treatment may improve by a better understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a major role in the fine-tuning of gene expression and they have recently emerged as novel biomarkers and therapeutic tools in the management of NAFLD. These short non-coding RNA sequences act by partial repression or degradation of targeted mRNAs. Deregulation of miRNAs has been associated with different stages of NAFLD, while their biological role in the pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. Systems biology analyses based on predicted target genes have associated hepatic miRNAs with molecular pathways involved in NAFLD progression such as cholesterol and lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathways of cell survival and proliferation. Moreover, circulating miRNAs have been identified as promising noninvasive biomarkers of NAFLD and linked to disease severity. This rapidly growing field is likely to result in major advances in the pathomechanism, prognostication, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Room 6A-46, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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21
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Byun JS, Hong SH, Choi JK, Jung JK, Lee HJ. Diagnostic profiling of salivary exosomal microRNAs in oral lichen planus patients. Oral Dis 2015; 21:987-93. [PMID: 26389700 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease whose exact cause is unclear and which requires efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Identification of disease-specific biomarkers in saliva is an easy, quick, and non-invasive approach for molecular diagnosis. This study was designed to examine salivary exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be candidates for diagnosing and elucidating the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We compared miRNA profiles of salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus with those of healthy controls. Saliva samples from 16 patients with oral lichen planus and eight healthy controls were divided into two sets and examined using miRNA microarray analysis and TaqMan quantitative PCR. RESULTS The three miRNAs identified (miR-4484, miR-1246, and miR-1290) were further validated. Of these, miR-4484 was significantly upregulated in the salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus. CONCLUSIONS This study thus identifies a potential miRNA biomarker for oral lichen planus and provides insight into the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S-H Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J-K Choi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J-K Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - H-J Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Taki FA, Pan X, Zhang B. Revisiting Chaos Theorem to Understand the Nature of miRNAs in Response to Drugs of Abuse. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2857-68. [PMID: 25966899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Just like Matryoshka dolls, biological systems follow a hierarchical order that is based on dynamic bidirectional communication among its components. In addition to the convoluted inter-relationships, the complexity of each component spans several folds. Therefore, it becomes rather challenging to investigate phenotypes resulting from these networks as it requires the integration of reductionistic and holistic approaches. One dynamic system is the transcriptome which comprises a variety of RNA species. Some, like microRNAs, have recently received a lot of attention. miRNAs are very pleiotropic and have been considered as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates in the biomedical fields. In this review, we survey miRNA profiles in response to drugs of abuse (DA) using 118 studies. After providing a summary of miRNAs related to substance use disorders (SUD), general patterns of miRNA signatures are compared among studies for single or multiple drugs of abuse. Then, current challenges and drawbacks in the field are discussed. Finally, we provide support for considering miRNAs as a chaotic system in normal versus disrupted states particularly in SUD and propose an integrative approach for studying and analyzing miRNA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A Taki
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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