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Liu CW, Chen PH, Yu TJ, Lin KJ, Chang LC. WWOX Modulates ROS-Dependent Senescence in Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217388. [PMID: 36364214 PMCID: PMC9657618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor gene, WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), has been found to be lost in various types of cancers. ROS result as a tightly regulated signaling process for the induction of cell senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of WWOX in the regulation of ROS and cell senescence, which is intriguing in terms of the possible mechanism of WWOX contributing to bladder cancer. In this study, we used the AY-27 rat bladder tumor cell line and F344 orthotopic bladder tumor models to reveal the pro-senescence effects of WWOX and the corresponding underlying mechanism in bladder cancer. WWOX-overexpressing lentivirus (LV-WWOX) remarkably stimulated cellular senescence, including increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) formation, enlarged cellular morphology, and induced SA-β-Gal-positive staining. A further mechanism study revealed that the pro-senescence effect of LV-WWOX was dependent on increased intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which subsequently triggered p21/p27. Moreover, LV-WWOX significantly inhibited the tumor size by 30.49% in the F344/AY-27 rat orthotopic model (p < 0.05) by activating cellular senescence. The expression of p21 was significantly enhanced in the orthotopic bladder tumors under WWOX treatment. The orthotopic bladder tumors in the groups of rats verified the effect in vivo. Our study suggests that WWOX, an ROS-dependent senescence-induced gene, could be further studied for its therapeutic implications in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Liu
- Department of Senior Citizen Health Service and Management, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 80776, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Jung Yu
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Lin
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6151100
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2
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Sukkar G, Alzahrani RM, Altirkistani BA, Al lohaibi RS. Novel Mutation With Literature Review WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) Gene. Cureus 2022; 14:e25003. [PMID: 35712340 PMCID: PMC9193507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene cause autosomal recessive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by the onset of refractory seizures in infants, along with severe axial hypotonia and profoundly impaired psychomotor development. It has also been expanded to include metabolism and endocrine systems. Despite its function as a tumor suppressor gene, genetic alterations in WWOX have been found in several metabolic disorders and neural diseases related to brain development. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient sample. Genomic DNA was fragmented, and the exons of known genes in the human genome, as well as the corresponding exon-intron boundaries,were enriched using Roche KAPA capture technology (KAPA hyperExome Library, WES identifying the homozygous variant c.406A>G in WWOX (OMIM:605131). This variant of WWOX was also observed in the prenatal WES data, indicating that both parents were heterozygous carriers and the detected variant was homozygous. This study highlighted the importance of the human WWOX gene in brain development and the association between WWOX gene mutations and developmental delay. We recommend performing WES as a primary screening before the final diagnosis, particularly in populations with high rates of consanguinity and in clinically challenging cases.
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3
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Interaction of Wwox with Brca1 and associated complex proteins prevents premature resection at double-strand breaks and aberrant homologous recombination. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 110:103264. [PMID: 34998176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Down regulation of Wwox protein expression occurs in many cancers, contributing to insensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and platinum drug treatments. Patients with reduced Wwox expression in their cancer tissue show decreased overall survival following these treatments, in accord with our earlier finding that reduced Wwox protein expression in cancers is associated with changes in choice of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. Our current investigation of mechanisms underlying the initial choice of repair by homologous recombination/single-strand annealing (HR/SSA) in Wwox-deficient cells, showed immediate DNA end-resection at DSBs following IR, abrogating initial repair by the expected non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Mechanisms supporting the expected choice of DSB repair by NHEJ in Wwox-sufficient cells are: 1) direct recruitment of Wwox protein binding to Brca1 through the Brca1 981PPLF984 Wwox-binding motif; 2) possible Wwox blocking of Brca1-Rad50 interaction and of Brca1 activation by Chk2 phosphorylation of Brca1 S988; 3) Wwox suppression of Brca1 interaction with the B and C complex proteins, Brip1 and CtIP, thereby delaying the process of DSB end-resection post-IR. Wwox deficiency, instead, leads to early formation of the Brca1-CtIP/MRN complex at induced DSBs, stimulating immediate post-IR end-resection. This premature resection at DNA DSBs leads to inappropriate HR/SSA repair not restricted to late S/G2 cell cycle phases, and increases mutations in genomes of radiation or platinum-resistant colonies. Prevention of premature initiation of end-resection, by combining Chk2 inhibition with IR or carboplatin treatment, successfully sensitized IR and platinum-resistant Wwox-deficient cells by synthetic lethality, but did not alter response of Wwox-sufficient cells. Our results establish Wwox as a biomarker for treatment response and provide potential targets, such as Chk2, for reversal of treatment resistance.
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4
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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5
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Shindiapina P, Ahmed EH, Mozhenkova A, Abebe T, Baiocchi RA. Immunology of EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease in HIV-Positive Individuals. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1723. [PMID: 33102204 PMCID: PMC7556212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) can directly cause lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), including AIDS-defining lymphomas such as Burkitt’s lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of EBV in HL and NHL is elevated in HIV-positive individuals compared with the general population. Rates of incidence of AIDS-defining cancers have been declining in HIV-infected individuals since initiation of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) use in 1996. However, HIV-infected persons remain at an increased risk of cancers related to infections with oncogenic viruses. Proposed pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-related cancers include decreased immune surveillance, decreased ability to suppress infection-related oncogenic processes and a state of chronic inflammation marked by alteration of the cytokine profile and expanded numbers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with down-regulated co-stimulatory molecules and increased expression of markers of senescence in the setting of treated HIV infection. Here we discuss the cooperation of EBV-infected B cell- and environment-associated factors that may contribute to EBV-related lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals. Environment-derived lymphomagenic factors include impaired host adaptive and innate immune surveillance, cytokine dysregulation and a pro-inflammatory state observed in the setting of chronic, cART-treated HIV infection. B cell factors include distinctive EBV latency patterns and host protein expression in HIV-associated LPD, as well as B cell-stimulating factors derived from HIV infection. We review the future directions for expanding therapeutic approaches in targeting the viral and immune components of EBV LPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elshafa H Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna Mozhenkova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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3D genome organization contributes to genome instability at fragile sites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3613. [PMID: 32680994 PMCID: PMC7367836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are regions susceptible to replication stress and are hotspots for chromosomal instability in cancer. Several features were suggested to underlie CFS instability, however, these features are prevalent across the genome. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying CFS instability remain unclear. Here, we explore the transcriptional profile and DNA replication timing (RT) under mild replication stress in the context of the 3D genome organization. The results reveal a fragility signature, comprised of a TAD boundary overlapping a highly transcribed large gene with APH-induced RT-delay. This signature enables precise mapping of core fragility regions in known CFSs and identification of novel fragile sites. CFS stability may be compromised by incomplete DNA replication and repair in TAD boundaries core fragility regions leading to genomic instability. The identified fragility signature will allow for a more comprehensive mapping of CFSs and pave the way for investigating mechanisms promoting genomic instability in cancer. Common fragile sites are regions susceptible to replication stress and are prone to chromosomal instability. Here, the authors, by analyzing the contribution of 3D chromatin organization, identify and characterize a fragility signature and precisely map these fragility regions.
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Hu Y, Yan Y, Xu Y, Yang H, Fang L, Liu Y, Li X, Li Q, Yan H. Expression and clinical significance of WWOX, Elf5, Snail1 and EMT related factors in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1281-1290. [PMID: 31966058 PMCID: PMC6956397 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and clinical significance of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), Elf5, Snail1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related factors in epithelial ovarian cancer were investigated. Ovarian cancer tissues of 300 epithelial ovarian cancer patients and the adjacent normal tissues were analyzed. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of WWOX, Elf5, Snail1 and EMT marker molecules in the specimens. The relationship between the indicators and clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer was analyzed. The relationship between WWOX, Elf5, Snail1 and EMT marker molecules E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in ovarian cancer tissues was analyzed. The expression levels of WWOX, Elf5, Snail1 and EMT marker molecules in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues were significantly different from those in adjacent normal tissues, and were related to surgical pathological stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. High expressions of WWOX and Elf5 were related to the survival rate of patients. The survival rate of patients with positive expression was significantly higher than that of negative expression. FIGO stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and expression of WWOX and Elf5 were all independent factors affecting postoperative prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. In conclusion, the expression levels of WWOX, Elf5, Snail1 and EMT related factors in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues are consistent and different. The expression levels of WWOX and Elf5 are related to the survival and prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hu
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Fang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Xuzhou Medical University Science Park Co. Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Hongchao Yan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Xuzhou Medical University Science Park Co. Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Kumar R, Nagpal G, Kumar V, Usmani SS, Agrawal P, Raghava GPS. HumCFS: a database of fragile sites in human chromosomes. BMC Genomics 2019; 19:985. [PMID: 30999860 PMCID: PMC7402404 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile sites are the chromosomal regions that are susceptible to breakage, and their frequency varies among the human population. Based on the frequency of fragile site induction, they are categorized as common and rare fragile sites. Common fragile sites are sensitive to replication stress and often rearranged in cancer. Rare fragile sites are the archetypal trinucleotide repeats. Fragile sites are known to be involved in chromosomal rearrangements in tumors. Human miRNA genes are also present at fragile sites. A better understanding of genes and miRNAs lying in the fragile site regions and their association with disease progression is required. Result HumCFS is a manually curated database of human chromosomal fragile sites. HumCFS provides useful information on fragile sites such as coordinates on the chromosome, cytoband, their chemical inducers and frequency of fragile site (rare or common), genes and miRNAs lying in fragile sites. Protein coding genes in the fragile sites were identified by mapping the coordinates of fragile sites with human genome Ensembl (GRCh38/hg38). Genes present in fragile sites were further mapped to DisGenNET database, to understand their possible link with human diseases. Human miRNAs from miRBase was also mapped on fragile site coordinates. In brief, HumCFS provides useful information about 125 human chromosomal fragile sites and their association with 4921 human protein-coding genes and 917 human miRNA’s. Conclusion User-friendly web-interface of HumCFS and hyper-linking with other resources will help researchers to search for genes, miRNAs efficiently and to intersect the relationship among them. For easy data retrieval and analysis, we have integrated standard web-based tools, such as JBrowse, BLAST etc. Also, the user can download the data in various file formats such as text files, gff3 files and Bed-format files which can be used on UCSC browser. Database URL:http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/humcfs/ Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5330-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Gandharva Nagpal
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Piyush Agrawal
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020, India.
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9
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Fan J, Sun W, Lin M, Yu K, Wang J, Duan D, Zheng B, Yang Z, Wang Q. Genetic association study identifies a functional CNV in the WWOX gene contributes to the risk of intracranial aneurysms. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16104-11. [PMID: 26910372 PMCID: PMC4941300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) accounts for 85% of hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic factors have been known to play an important role in the development of IAs. A functional CNV (CNV-67048) of human WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), which has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancers, was identified to be associated with gliomas risk previously. Here, we hypothesized that the CNV-67048 could also affect susceptibility of IAs. Based on a two-stage, case− control study with a total of 976 patients of IAs and 1,200 matched healthy controls, we found the effect size for per copy deletion was 1.35 (95% CI = 1.16–1.57; Ptrend = 1.18 × 10−4). Compared with the individuals having no deletion, significantly higher risk of IAs was detected for both subjects carrying 1 copy deletion (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.52) and subjects carrying 2 copy deletion (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.24–2.53). Real-time PCR was used to confirm the abnormal expression of WWOX in tissues of IA patients and influence of genotypes of CNV-67048. The expression level of WWOX in IA tissues was significantly lower than that in corresponding normal tissues (P = 0.004), and the deletion genotypes of CNV-67048 have lower WWOX mRNA levels in both tumor tissues and border tissues (P < 0.01). Our data suggests that the deletion genotypes of CNV-67048 in WWOX predispose their carriers to IAs, which might be a genetic biomarker to predict risk of IAs in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Duan
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
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10
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Chen Y, Luo X, Xiao Z, Guo J, Cui Z. Exogenous WWOX enhances apoptosis and weakens metastasis in CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10343-10351. [PMID: 31966369 PMCID: PMC6965803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) has been postulated to behave as a putative tumor suppressor and that silencing of WWOX expression is linked to the carcinogenesis and progression of various carcinomas. The role of WWOX in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Herein, we sought to evaluate the biological feature of WWOX restoration in human CNE2 NPC cells. In vitro experiments manifested that transiently overexpressed WWOX significantly suppressed proliferation as well as invasion and migration of the CNE2 cells. Of note, WWOX-induced apoptosis could be partly reversed by the selective caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis indicated that ectopic expression of WWOX could trigger the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway characterized by a down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and up-regulation of Bax and Cytochrome c along with a remarkable activation of the caspase cascades. Taken together, our data reveal that WWOX behaves as a potent tumor suppressor in CNE2 cells, possibly by enhancing apoptosis and weakening metastasis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhou Xiao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junying Guo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, P. R. China
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11
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Abstract
Ever since initial suggestions that instability at common fragile sites (CFSs) could be responsible for chromosome rearrangements in cancers, CFSs and associated genes have been the subject of numerous studies, leading to questions and controversies about their role and importance in cancer. It is now clear that CFSs are not frequently involved in translocations or other cancer-associated recurrent gross chromosome rearrangements. However, recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of CFS instability, their effect on genome instability, and their role in generating focal copy number alterations that affect the genomic landscape of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Glover
- Department of Human Genetics; the Department of Pathology; and the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Thomas E Wilson
- Department of Human Genetics; and the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Martin F Arlt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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12
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Jahid S, Sun J, Gelincik O, Blecua P, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, Zhou K, Jasin M, Gümüş ZH, Lipkin SM. Inhibition of colorectal cancer genomic copy number alterations and chromosomal fragile site tumor suppressor FHIT and WWOX deletions by DNA mismatch repair. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71574-71586. [PMID: 29069730 PMCID: PMC5641073 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) enables precise DNA repair after DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) using identical sequence templates, whereas homeologous recombination (HeR) uses only partially homologous sequences. Homeologous recombination introduces mutations through gene conversion and genomic deletions through single-strand annealing (SSA). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) inhibits HeR, but the roles of mammalian MMR MutL homologues (MLH1, PMS2 and MLH3) proteins in HeR suppression are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) carrying Mlh1, Pms2, and Mlh3 mutations have higher HeR rates, by using 7,863 uniquely mapping paired direct repeat sequences (DRs) in the mouse genome as endogenous gene conversion and SSA reporters. Additionally, when DSBs are induced by gamma-radiation, Mlh1, Pms2 and Mlh3 mutant MEFs have higher DR copy number alterations (CNAs), including DR CNA hotspots previously identified in mouse MMR-deficient colorectal cancer (dMMR CRC). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas CRC data revealed that dMMR CRCs have higher genome-wide DR HeR rates than MMR proficient CRCs, and that dMMR CRCs have deletion hotspots in tumor suppressors FHIT/WWOX at chromosomal fragile sites FRA3B and FRA16D (which have elevated DSB rates) flanked by paired homologous DRs and inverted repeats (IR). Overall, these data provide novel insights into the MMR-dependent HeR inhibition mechanism and its role in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Jahid
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Ozkan Gelincik
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Blecua
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Raju Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathy Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
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13
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Leong SH, Lwin KM, Lee SS, Ng WH, Ng KM, Tan SY, Ng BL, Carter NP, Tang C, Lian Kon O. Chromosomal breaks at FRA18C: association with reduced DOK6 expression, altered oncogenic signaling and increased gastric cancer survival. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:9. [PMID: 29872697 PMCID: PMC5859466 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are common in cancer. More than 50% occur in common fragile sites and disrupt tumor suppressors. However, such rearrangements are not known in gastric cancer. Here we report recurrent 18q2 breakpoints in 6 of 17 gastric cancer cell lines. The rearranged chromosome 18, t(9;18), in MKN7 cells was flow sorted and identified by reverse chromosome painting. High-resolution tiling array hybridization mapped breakpoints to DOK6 (docking protein 6) intron 4 in FRA18C (18q22.2) and an intergenic region in 9q22.2. The same rearrangement was detected by FISH in 22% of 99 primary gastric cancers. Intron 4 truncation was associated with reduced DOK6 transcription. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas stomach adenocarcinoma cohort showed significant correlation of DOK6 expression with histological and molecular phenotypes. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways (gastrin-CREB, NGF-neurotrophin, PDGF, EGFR, ERK, ERBB4, FGFR1, RAS, VEGFR2 and RAF/MAP kinase) known to be active in aggressive gastric cancers were strikingly diminished in gastric cancers with low DOK6 expression. Median survival of patients with low DOK6-expressing tumors was 2100 days compared with 533 days in patients with high DOK6-expressing tumors (log-rank P = 0.0027). The level of DOK6 expression in tumors predicted patient survival independent of TNM stage. These findings point to new functions of human DOK6 as an adaptor that interacts with diverse molecular components of signaling pathways. Our data suggest that DOK6 expression is an integrated biomarker of multiple oncogenic signals in gastric cancer and identify FRA18C as a new cancer-associated fragile site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hong Leong
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore.,2Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
| | - Kyaw Myo Lwin
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Sze Sing Lee
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Wai Har Ng
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Kia Min Ng
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- 3Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Bee Ling Ng
- 4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Nigel P Carter
- 4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Carol Tang
- 5National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore.,2Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
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14
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Chang JY, Chang NS. WWOX dysfunction induces sequential aggregation of TRAPPC6AΔ, TIAF1, tau and amyloid β, and causes apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15003. [PMID: 27551439 PMCID: PMC4981022 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated vesicle-trafficking protein isoform TRAPPC6AΔ (TPC6AΔ) has a critical role in causing caspase activation, tau aggregation and Aβ generation in the brains of nondemented middle-aged humans, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 3-week-old Wwox gene knockout mice. WWOX blocks neurodegeneration via interactions with tau and tau-phosphorylating enzymes. WWOX deficiency leads to epilepsy, mental retardation and early death. Here, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 induces shuttling of endogenous wild-type TPC6A and TPC6AΔ in between nucleoli and mitochondria (~40-60 min per round trip), and WWOX reduces the shuttling time by 50%. TGF-β1 initially maximizes the binding of TPC6AΔ to the C-terminal tail of WWOX, followed by dissociation. TPC6AΔ then undergoes aggregation, together with TIAF1 (TGF-β1-induced antiapoptotic factor), in the mitochondria to induce apoptosis. An additional rescue scenario is that TGF-β1 induces Tyr33 phosphorylation and unfolding of WWOX and its the N-terminal WW domain slowly binds TPC6AΔ to block aggregation and apoptosis. Similarly, loss of WWOX induces TPC6AΔ polymerization first, then aggregation of TIAF1, amyloid β and tau, and subsequent cell death, suggesting that a cascade of protein aggregation leads to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - N-S Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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