1
|
Szabó K, Dékány B, Énzsöly A, Hajdú RI, Laurik-Feuerstein LK, Szabó A, Radovits T, Mátyás C, Oláh A, Kovács KA, Szél Á, Somfai GM, Lukáts Á. Possible retinotoxicity of long-term vardenafil treatment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109890. [PMID: 38615833 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors - such as vardenafil - are used primarily for treating erectile dysfunction via increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Recent studies have also demonstrated their significant cardioprotective effects in several diseases, including diabetes, upon long-term, continuous application. However, PDE inhibitors are not specific for PDE5 and also inhibit the retinal isoform. A sustained rise in cGMP in photoreceptors is known to be toxic; therefore, we hypothesized that long-term vardenafil treatment might result in retinotoxicity. The hypothesis was tested in a clinically relevant animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Histological experiments were performed on lean and diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Half of the animals were treated with vardenafil for six months, and the retinal effects were evaluated. Vardenafil treatment alleviated rod outer segment degeneration but decreased rod numbers in some positions and induced changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix, even in control animals. Vardenafil treatment decreased total retinal thickness in the control and diabetic groups and reduced the number of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer. Müller cell activation was detectable even in the vardenafil-treated control animals, and vardenafil did not improve gliosis in the diabetic group. Vardenafil-treated animals showed complex retinal alterations with improvements in some parameters while deterioration in others. Our results point towards the retinotoxicity of vardenafil, even without diabetes, which raises doubts about the retinal safety of long-term continuous vardenafil administration. This effect needs to be considered when approving PDE inhibitors for alternative indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szabó
- Institute of Education and Psychology at Szombathely, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bulcsú Dékány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Énzsöly
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rozina Ida Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Arnold Szabó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián András Kovács
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Szél
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Márk Somfai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Spross Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Stadtspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ákos Lukáts
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huyut Z, Bakan N, Akbay Hİ, Yıldırım S, Şekeroğlu MR. Zaprinast and avanafil increase the vascular endothelial growth factor, vitamin D 3, bone morphogenic proteins 4 and 7 levels in the kidney tissue of male rats applied the glucocorticoid. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1290-1296. [PMID: 32421396 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated effect of zaprinast and avanafil on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 4 and 7, and vitamin D3 levels against the negative effect of dexamethazone.Method: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Control: Empty a syringe was immersed and removed subcutaneously. Dexamethasone (DEX): 120 µg/kg DEX was injected subcutaneously once a day for 28 days. DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil groups: 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil were administrated to rats in addition to the same procedure in the DEX, respectively. VitaminD3, VEGF, BMP4 and 7 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and angiogenesis by histopathological/immunohistochemical were evaluated.Results: BMP4 values in the DEX were lower than the other groups (p < .05). DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil exhibited an increase in all the parameters compared to the control and DEX (p < .05). However, these were not significant for the DEX + zaprinast (p > .05). Also, there was a significant increase in angiogenesis in the DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil.Conclusion: Zaprinast and significantly avanafil induced vitamin D3, BMP4 and 7 levels by increasing angiogenesis in renal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Akbay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huyut Z, Bakan N, Yıldırım S, Akbay Hİ, Huyut MT, Ahlatçı A, Uçar B. Can zaprinast and avanafil induce the levels of angiogenesis, bone morphogenic protein 2, 4 and 7 in kidney of ovariectomised rats? Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:945-950. [PMID: 32207349 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1740743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated effects of zaprinast and avanafil on angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 2, 4 and 7. METHODS Female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Sham; abdomen was approximately 2 cm opened and closed. Ovariectomised (OVX); abdomen was opened 2 cm and the ovaries were cut. OVX + zaprinast and OVX + avanafil groups; after the same procedure with OVX, 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil were orally administered for 2 month, respectively. Angiogenesis and the levels of VEGF, BMP2, 4 and 7 were determined. RESULTS VEGF, BMP2, 4 and 7 levels in OVX + zaprinast and especially OVX + avanafil groups were higher than the sham and OVX (p < .05). However, only VEGF and BMP2 levels in OVX + zaprinast group were significant according to sham (p < .05). Also, angiogenesis in OVX + zaprinast and OVX + avanafil groups was dominant according to sham and OVX (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Zaprinast and avanafil induced BMP2, 4 and 7 levels synergistically with increased VEGF and angiogenesis in renal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Akbay
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tahir Huyut
- Deparment of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adem Ahlatçı
- Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Uçar
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huyut Z, Alp HH, Bakan N, Yıldırım S, Şekeroğlu MR. Stimulating effects of vardenafil, tadalafil, and udenafil on vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis, vitamin D 3, bone morphogenic proteins in ovariectomized rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1121-1127. [PMID: 32314927 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1755695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of vardenafil, tadalafil, and udenafil from phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) on bone morphogenic-protein (BMP)2 and 4 levels, along with angiogenesis in ovariectomized rat's kidney. METHOD Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). Sham: abdomen was opened, and closed. OVX: ovaries were removed. OVX + vardenafil, OVX + tadalafil, and OVX + udenafil groups: ovaries were removed and closed, and after 6 months from postoperative, 10 mg/kg of vardenafil, tadalafil, and udenafil were administrated as daily a single-dose for 60 days, respectively. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed for angiogenesis, and biochemical analysis for vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF), VitaminD3, BMP2 and 4 levels in rat's kidney. RESULTS VEGF, BMP2 and 4, VitaminD3, and angiogenesis were high in the all inhibitor groups compared with the sham and OVX (p < .05). However, BMP4 levels were only high in the OVX + tadalafil group (p < .05). CONCLUSION The results indicated that vardenafil, udenafil, and especially tadalafil increased VEGF, BMP2, and VitaminD3 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tadalafil and Steroid Hormones Interactions in Adipose, Bone and Prostate Tissues: Focus on Translational Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084191. [PMID: 35457011 PMCID: PMC9024809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) -associated symptoms. Besides its classical actions on PDE5 within the genitourinary tract, where the specific enzyme expression is maximal, it may exert different systemic effects. This is mainly due to the pleiotropic distribution of PDE5 enzyme throughout the human (and animal) body, where it can exert protective effects in different clinical conditions. Recently, it has been demonstrated that tadalafil may display novel actions on androgen receptor (AR) expression and activity and cytochrome P19a1 (Cyp19a1) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression in different in vitro systems, such as adipose, bone and prostate cancer cells, where it can act as a selective modulator of steroid hormone production. This may determine novel potential mechanism(s) of control in pathophysiologic pathways. In this review, we summarize basic research and translational results applicable to the use of tadalafil in the treatment of obesity, bone loss and prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Campos Pessoa AL, de Oliveira Araújo VHV, Rosa Nascimento AL, Elias N, de Carvalho JJ. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves bone regeneration at the early stages of ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2077-2082. [PMID: 33270292 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) affects patients at different ages and may lead to functional limitation and joint replacement, with total hip arthroplasty, which is a costly procedure. Proposed methods to optimize ischemic tissue regeneration have been reported. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors act by inhibiting the degradation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in the nitric oxide pathway, increasing its bioavailability and promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated neovascular recruitment and the induction of tissue regeneration in the traumatized bone. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old) were subjected to an experimental model of traumatic ONFH divided into two groups, according to the administration of 5 mg/kg sildenafil or water (control group). Rats were then killed at 7, 14, and 21 days. Histological (Goldner's trichrome), histochemical (periodic acid-Schiff [PAS]), and immunohistochemical (VEGF and osteopontin [OPN]) techniques were used to quantify bone and vascular responses. Higher levels of VEGF (p < 0.01) and OPN (p < 0.01) immunostaining in the epiphysis, the greater formation of osteoid tissue (p < 0.01 on Day 7; p < 0.05 on Day 14), and higher levels of PAS staining (p < 0.01 on Day 7) were observed in the sildenafil-treated group. The present study demonstrated that sildenafil optimized bone tissue regeneration by increasing VEGF signaling and OPN expression, with increased bone formation (osteoid and carbohydrate macromolecule deposition) in the early stages following traumatic ischemic insult. Thus, sildenafil treatment may improve the prognosis of patients with osteonecrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André L de Campos Pessoa
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor H V de Oliveira Araújo
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana L Rosa Nascimento
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelson Elias
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Vila Velha Hospital, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jorge J de Carvalho
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porwal K, Pal S, Bhagwati S, Siddiqi MI, Chattopadhyay N. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of osteoporosis: Scopes for therapeutic repurposing and discovery of new oral osteoanabolic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174015. [PMID: 33711307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that hydrolyze phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules including cAMP and cGMP. A wide range of drugs blocks one or more PDEs thereby preventing the inactivation of cAMP/cGMP. PDEs are differentially expressed in bone cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Intracellular increases in cAMP/cGMP levels in osteoblasts result in osteogenic response. Acting via the type 1 PTH receptor, teriparatide and abaloparatide increase intracellular cAMP and induce osteoanabolic effect, and many PDE inhibitors mimic this effect in preclinical studies. Since all osteoanabolic drugs are injectable and that oral drugs are considered to improve the treatment adherence and persistence, osteogenic PDE inhibitors could be a promising alternative to the currently available osteogenic therapies and directly assessed clinically in drug repurposing mode. Similar to teriparatide/abaloparatide, PDE inhibitors while stimulating osteoblast function also promote osteoclast function through stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand production from osteoblasts. In this review, we critically discussed the effects of PDE inhibitors in bone cells from cellular signalling to a variety of preclinical models that evaluated the bone formation mechanisms. We identified pentoxifylline (a non-selective PDE inhibitor) and rolipram (a PDE4 selective inhibitor) being the most studied inhibitors with osteogenic effect in preclinical models of bone loss at ≤ human equivalent doses, which suggest their potential for post-menopausal osteoporosis treatment through therapeutic repurposing. Subsequently, we treated pentoxifylline and rolipram as prototypical osteogenic PDEs to predict new chemotypes via the computer-aided design strategies for new drugs, based on the structural biology of PDEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Sudha Bhagwati
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10/1 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Mohd Imran Siddiqi
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10/1 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim SM, Yuen T, Iqbal J, Rubin MR, Zaidi M. The NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in skeletal remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1487:21-30. [PMID: 32860248 PMCID: PMC7914295 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway plays a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical data using NO and its donors and genetically modified mice demonstrated that NO was required in bone remodeling and partly mediated the anabolic effects of mechanical stimuli and estrogen. However, the off-target effects and tachyphylaxis of NO limit its long-term use, and previous clinical trials using organic nitrates for osteoporosis have been disappointing. Among the other components in the downstream pathway, targeting cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase to promote the NO-cGMP-PKG signal is a viable option. There are growing in vitro and in vivo data that, among many other PDE families, PDE5A is highly expressed in skeletal tissue, and inhibiting PDE5A using currently available PDE5A inhibitors might increase the osteoanabolic signal and protect the skeleton. These preclinical data open the possibility of repurposing PDE5A inhibitors for treating osteoporosis. Further research is needed to address the primary target bone cell of PDE5A inhibition, the contribution of direct and indirect effects of PDE5A inhibition, and the pathophysiological changes in skeletal PDE5A expression in aging and hypogonadal animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mishaela R Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huyut Z, Bakan N, Yıldırım S. Do avanafil and zaprinast exert positive effects on bone tissue via the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase-G signaling pathway in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis? BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wisanwattana W, Wongkrajang K, Cao DY, Shi XK, Zhang ZH, Zhou ZY, Li F, Mei QG, Wang C, Suksamrarn A, Zhang GL, Wang F. Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5 Promotes the Aromatase-Mediated Estrogen Biosynthesis in Osteoblastic Cells by Activation of cGMP/PKG/SHP2 Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636784. [PMID: 33776932 PMCID: PMC7995890 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation induces bone growth and remodeling by the secondary messenger, cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), in osteoblasts. However, the role of cGMP in the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis, whose deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis, remains unclear. Here, we found that the prenylated flavonoids, 3-O-methoxymethyl-7-O-benzylicaritin (13), 7-O-benzylicaritin (14), and 4'-O-methyl-8-isopentylkaempferol (15), which were synthesized using icariin analogs, promoted estrogen biosynthesis in osteoblastic UMR106 cells, with calculated EC50 values of 1.53, 3.45, and 10.57 µM, respectively. 14 and 15 increased the expression level of the bone specific promoter I.4-driven aromatase, the only enzyme that catalyzes estrogen formation by using androgens as substrates, in osteoblastic cells. 14 inhibited phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), stimulated intracellular cGMP level and promoted osteoblast cell differentiation. Inhibition of cGMP dependent-protein kinase G (PKG) abolished the stimulatory effect of 14 on estrogen biosynthesis and osteoblast cell differentiation. Further, PKG activation by 14 stimulated the activity of SHP2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2), thereby activating Src and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling and increasing ERK-dependent aromatase expression in osteoblasts. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of cGMP in the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis in the bone. These results support the further development of 14 as a PKG-activating drug to mimic the anabolic effects of mechanical stimulation of bone in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wisanee Wisanwattana
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanjana Wongkrajang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dong-yi Cao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ke Shi
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-hui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-yuan Zhou
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-gang Mei
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Guo-lin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wang, ; Guo-lin Zhang,
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wang, ; Guo-lin Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim SM, Taneja C, Perez-Pena H, Ryu V, Gumerova A, Li W, Ahmad N, Zhu LL, Liu P, Mathew M, Korkmaz F, Gera S, Sant D, Hadelia E, Ievleva K, Kuo TC, Miyashita H, Liu L, Tourkova I, Stanley S, Lizneva D, Iqbal J, Sun L, Tamler R, Blair HC, New MI, Haider S, Yuen T, Zaidi M. Repurposing erectile dysfunction drugs tadalafil and vardenafil to increase bone mass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14386-14394. [PMID: 32513693 PMCID: PMC7321982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000950117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that two widely-used drugs for erectile dysfunction, tadalafil and vardenafil, trigger bone gain in mice through a combination of anabolic and antiresorptive actions on the skeleton. Both drugs were found to enhance osteoblastic bone formation in vivo using a unique gene footprint and to inhibit osteoclast formation. The target enzyme, phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), was found to be expressed in mouse and human bone as well as in specific brain regions, namely the locus coeruleus, raphe pallidus, and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Localization of PDE5A in sympathetic neurons was confirmed by coimmunolabeling with dopamine β-hydroxylase, as well as by retrograde bone-brain tracing using a sympathetic nerve-specific pseudorabies virus, PRV152. Both drugs elicited an antianabolic sympathetic imprint in osteoblasts, but with net bone gain. Unlike in humans, in whom vardenafil is more potent than tadalafil, the relative potencies were reversed with respect to their osteoprotective actions in mice. Structural modeling revealed a higher binding energy of tadalafil to mouse PDE5A compared with vardenafil, due to steric clashes of vardenafil with a single methionine residue at position 806 in mouse PDE5A. Collectively, our findings suggest that a balance between peripheral and central actions of PDE5A inhibitors on bone formation together with their antiresorptive actions specify the osteoprotective action of PDE5A blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Helena Perez-Pena
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Anisa Gumerova
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peng Liu
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mehr Mathew
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sakshi Gera
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Damini Sant
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Elina Hadelia
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kseniia Ievleva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Reproductive Health, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tan-Chun Kuo
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hirotaka Miyashita
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Irina Tourkova
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ronald Tamler
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Maria I New
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pal S, Rashid M, Singh SK, Porwal K, Singh P, Mohamed R, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M, Chattopadhyay N. Skeletal restoration by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in osteopenic mice: Evidence of osteoanabolic and osteoangiogenic effects of the drugs. Bone 2020; 135:115305. [PMID: 32126313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and thereby regulate diverse cellular functions. The reports on the skeletal effects of PDE inhibitors are conflicting. Here, we screened 17 clinically used non-xanthine PDE inhibitors (selective and non-selective) using mouse calvarial osteoblasts (MCO) where the readout was osteoblast differentiation. From this screen, we identified sildenafil and vardenafil (both PDE5 inhibitors) having the least osteogenic EC50. Both drugs significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expressions in MCO and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME completely blocked VEGF expression induced by these drugs. Sunitinib, a tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor that also blocks VEGFR2 blocked sildenafil-/vardenafil-induced osteoblast differentiation. At half of their human equivalent doses, i.e. 6.0 mg/kg sildenafil and 2.5 mg/kg vardenafil, the maximum bone marrow level of sildenafil was 32% and vardenafil was 21% of their blood levels. At these doses, both drugs enhanced bone regeneration at the femur osteotomy site and completely restored bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in OVX mice. Furthermore, both drugs increased surface referent bone formation and serum bone formation marker (P1NP) without affecting the resorption marker (CTX-1). Both drugs increased the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 in bones and osteoblasts and increased skeletal vascularity. Sunitinib completely blocked the bone restorative and vascular effects of sildenafil and vardenafil in OVX mice. Taken together, our study suggested that sildenafil and vardenafil at half of their adult human doses completely reversed osteopenia in OVX mice by an osteogenic mechanism that was associated with enhanced skeletal vascularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Riyazuddin Mohamed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CDRI-CSIR, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part II - Modulation of angiogenesis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:409-438. [PMID: 31177206 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects following complicated fractures, infections or tumor resections is a major challenge. The same applies to fractures in patients with impaired bone healing due to systemic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Despite considerable progress in development and establishment of new surgical techniques, design of bone graft substitutes and imaging techniques, these scenarios still represent unresolved clinical problems. However, the development of new active substances offers novel potential solutions for these issues. This work discusses therapeutic approaches that influence angiogenesis or hypoxic situations in healing bone and surrounding tissue. In particular, literature on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators and nitric oxide (NO•) donors, including bi-functional (hybrid) compounds like NO•-releasing cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, was critically reviewed with regard to their local and systemic mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vaspin protects mouse mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the MAPK/p38 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:107-114. [PMID: 31463780 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the influence of vaspin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs originated from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mouse were treated with vaspin and/or H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular viability detected by CCK-8 and cell apoptosis studied by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were observed in these cells. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, T-ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK were tested by Western blot. Vaspin had no significant effect on cellular viability, but significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis. Western blot assay showed that pretreatment with vaspin promoted the activation of p-p38. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 suppressed the protective effect of vaspin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Vaspin inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of MSCs via the activation of MAPK/p38 signaling pathway. These findings indicate that vaspin is prone to osteoporosis protection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vardenafil and cilostazol can improve vascular reactivity in rats with diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis co-morbidity. Life Sci 2019; 229:67-79. [PMID: 31085245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and vascular reactivity defects secondary to metabolic and immunological disorders carry risk of serious cardiovascular complications. Here, the effects of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors vardenafil and cilostazol were examined against rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/diabetes mellitus (DM)-co-morbidity-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular reactivity defects. After setting of RA/DM-co-morbidity model, rats were divided into a normal control group, an RA/DM-co-morbidity group, and two treatment groups receiving oral vardenafil (10 mg/kg/day) and cilostazol (30 mg/kg/day) for 21 days after RA/DM-co-morbidity induction. Aorta was isolated for biochemical estimations of the pro-inflammatory vasoconstrictor molecules angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), the adhesion molecules P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), the energy sensor adenosine-5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the vasodilator anti-inflammatory molecule vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical estimations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 were performed coupled with histopathological examination using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and special Masson trichrome staining. The in vitro study was conducted using aortic strips where cumulative concentration response curves were done for the endothelium-dependent relaxing factor acetylcholine and the endothelium-independent relaxing factor sodium nitroprusside after submaximal contraction with phenylephrine. Vardenafil and cilostazol significantly improved endothelial integrity biomarkers in vivo supported with histopathological findings in addition to improved vasorelaxation in vitro. Apart from their known PDE inhibition, up-regulation of vascular AMPK and eNOS coupled with down-regulation of Ang-II, ET-1, P-selectin, VCAM-1 and MMP-2 may explain vardenafil and cilostazol protective effect against RA/DM-co-morbidity-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular reactivity defects.
Collapse
|
16
|
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel Tadalafil/β-TCP/Collagen scaffold for bone regeneration: A rabbit critical-size calvarial defect study. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
17
|
Zaczyk M. Experimental analysis of the quality of an implant embedded in the bone based on its mechanical parameters. Biomed Mater Eng 2019; 30:183-190. [PMID: 30741666 DOI: 10.3233/bme-191043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE We present a description of an experiment in which the parameters describing the quality of the mandrel embedding an implant into a bone were determined. A method was developed that allows, from outside a living organism, the strength of the mandrel of the implant in the bone tissue to be determined. Using the proposed technique, we investigated how the mechanical properties of the bone affect the quality of the implant mandrel embedding in the bone tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of the research work, we conducted 15 compression tests on previously prepared samples that reflected an uncemented endoprosthesis embedding in the proximal base of a femur bone. RESULTS The results of the research showed that the load applied is dispersed between the mandrel and the bone tissue. The mechanical stability of the embedding affects the mechanical properties of the bone. The experiment revealed the nature of the mechanical stability of the embedding in relation to the increasing contact surface area. CONCLUSIONS We observed a non-linear nature of dependences of bone density as the main parameter describing the properties of bone relative to the extent of loosening expressed in the form of the slip surface of the mandrel relative to the bone. The mechanical stability of the embedding is crucial in the initial phase of the implant healing because it eliminates the loosening of the mandrel embedding. It provides a guarantee that the specific geometry of the treated motion apparatus part will be preserved and lowers the risk of inflammatory conditions during the treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zaczyk
- Division of Design of Precision Devices, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang XJ, Sang HX, Bai B, Ma XY, Xu C, Lei W, Zhang Y. Ex Vivo Evaluation of Hip Fracture Risk by Proximal Femur Geometry and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Chinese Women. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7438-7443. [PMID: 30334549 PMCID: PMC6392087 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hip fracture is steadily increasing. We aimed to establish a creative approach to precisely estimate the risk of hip fracture by exploring the relationship between hip fracture and bone mineral density (BMD)/femur geometry. Material/Methods Sixteen samples of cadaveric female proximal femora were randomly selected. Experiments were performed experimental measurement of the femoral neck BMD and geometric parameters (including neck length, neck diameter, head diameter, and neck-shaft angle). In addition, the experimental measurements contain the failure load, which represents the mechanical strength of the femoral neck, and we calculated the correlation coefficient among BMD, geometric parameters, and failure load. Results Significant correlations were discovered between femoral mechanical properties and femoral neck BMD (r=0.792, r2=0.628, P<0.001), trochanteric BMD (r=0.749, r2=0.560, P=0.001), and head diameter (r=0.706, r2=0.499, P=0.002). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the best predictor of hip fracture was the combination of femoral neck BMD, head diameter, and neck diameter (r2=0.844, P<0.001). Conclusions The results confirmed that, compared with BMD alone, the combination of BMD and geometric parameters of proximal femur is a better estimation of hip fracture. The geometry of the proximal femur played an important role in assessing the biomechanical strength of femur. This method greatly assists in predicting the risk of hip fracture in clinical trials and will assist studies on why the incidence of hip fracture varies among races.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Xun Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bei J, Zhang X, Wu J, Hu Z, Xu B, Lin S, Cui L, Wu T, Zou L. Ginsenoside Rb1 does not halt osteoporotic bone loss in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202885. [PMID: 30212470 PMCID: PMC6136715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder, manifesting with a reduction in bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an innate ability to differentiate into several cell types, including osteoblasts (OB). Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is an ethanol extract from ginseng and contains a highly concentrated form of ginsenoside. GRb1 shows extensive beneficial health effects such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, modulating the immune system and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. We hypothesized that GRb1 can promote MSC differentiation into OBs and inhibit bone loss. In the present study, we aimed to address two questions: (1) Will GRb1 have a positive effect on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs? and (2) Will GRb1 halt bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats? We investigated the effects of GRb1 on viability and osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs). Our results showed that GRb1 at concentrations of 10−8 M and 10−6 M can increase alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and the expression of osteogenic related proteins, such as osteopontin and osteoprotegerin, while incubating rMSCs with osteogenic induction medium and GRb1. Adding GRb1 into the medium can prevent rMSCs from Oxidative damage at the concentration of 25μM H2O2. Furthermore, 40 4-month-old rats were assigned to 5 groups(8 rats per group): the basal group, the sham group, the OVX group, the high dose of GRb1 group (6 mg/kg/day) and the low dose of GRb1 group (3 mg/kg/day). Rats recrived treatment 3days after surgery and last for 14 weeks. Examinations included serum analysis, mechanical testing, Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and bone histomorphometry analysis. The results showed that OVX can lead to dyslipidemia and excessive oxidative stress, whereas GRb1 cannot significantly halt dyslipidemia and excessive oxidative stress in OVX rats. In addition, the bone density of the lumbar vertebra and femur were decreased significantly in the OVX rats, and GRb1 could not inhibit bone loss. Bone histomorphometry analysis showed that the number and width of bone trabecula of the tibia were reduced in OVX rats, and GRb1 could not prevent their occurrence. A bone biomechanics assay showed that GRb1 cannot improve the ability of bone structure to resist fracture of the femur in OVX rats. The current study demonstrated that GRb1 has an obvious effect on osteogenic differentiation in rMSCs but no obvious effect on bone loss in OVX rats. These findings indicate GRb1 has a positive effect on rMSCs but does not have an effect on bone loss in OVX rats at the concentration we used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiaXin Bei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - XinLe Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - JingKai Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - ZhuoQing Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - BiLian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tie Wu
- Research Center of CoQ10, Guangdong Runhe Biochemical Technology Company, Dongguan, China
| | - LiYi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huyut Z, Bakan N, Yıldırım S, Alp HH. Effects of the Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors, Avanafil and Zaprinast, on Bone Remodeling and Oxidative Damage in a Rat Model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:47-58. [PMID: 29557941 PMCID: PMC5865409 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.908504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, zaprinast and avanafil, on NO signalling pathway, bone mineral density (BMD), epiphyseal bone width, bone marrow angiogenesis, and parameters of oxidative stress in a rat model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Material/Methods Twenty-four 8-month-old male rats in four groups were given a single daily treatment during a 30-day period: an (untreated) control group (n=6): a dexamethasone-treated group (120 μ/kg) (n=6); a group treated with dexamethasone (120 μ/kg) and zaprinast (10 mg/kg) (n=6): and a group treated with dexamethasone (120 μ/kg) and avanafil (10 mg/kg) (n=6). Rat whole body bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and bone histology was performed. Also, selected oxidative stress parameters by HPLC method and the other biochemical parameters by ELISA method were measured. Results The GIOP model rats treated with zaprinast and avanafil showed a significant increase in NO, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) (NO/cGMP/PKG) signaling-pathway components, and in C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), bone marrow angiogenesis, BMD, and epiphyseal bone width, compared with the (untreated) control rats (p<0.05). Levels of pyridinoline (PD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were significantly reduced in the dexamethasone + zaprinast, and dexamethasone + avanafil treatment groups (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA), ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10), ubiquinol CoQ10 (CoQ10H), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were significantly increased in the dexamethasone-treated group, compared with the (untreated) controls (p<0.05). Conclusions In the GIOP rat model, markers of oxidative stress and bone atrophy were significantly reduced by treatment with the PDE-5 inhibitors, zaprinast and avanafil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|