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Yang Y, Li J, Li D, Zhou W, Yan F, Wang W. Humanized mouse models: A valuable platform for preclinical evaluation of human cancer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:835-852. [PMID: 38151887 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are routinely employed to assess the treatments for human cancer. However, due to significant differences in genetic backgrounds, traditional animal models are unable to meet bioresearch needs. To overcome this restriction, researchers have generated and optimized immunodeficient mice, and then engrafted human genes, cells, tissues, or organs in mice so that the responses in the model mice could provide a more reliable reference for treatments. As a bridge connecting clinical application and basic research, humanized mice are increasingly used in the preclinical evaluation of cancer treatments, particularly after gene interleukin 2 receptor gamma mutant mice were generated. Human cancer models established in humanized mice support exploration of the mechanism of cancer occurrence and provide an efficient platform for drug screening. However, it is undeniable that the further application of humanized mice still faces multiple challenges. This review summarizes the construction approaches for humanized mice and their existing limitations. We also report the latest applications of humanized mice in preclinical evaluation for the treatment of cancer and point out directions for future optimization of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Platt F, Moyer J, Singer BB, Baston-Büst D, Wennemuth G, Bielfeld AP, Grümmer R. Forskolin versus cAMP-Induced Decidualization and Survival of Endometrial Stromal Cells of Endometriosis Patients. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2680-2691. [PMID: 37046153 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of decidualization of eutopic human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) may cause an increase in cell survival of endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity constituting a precondition for endometriosis development. Decidualization is a physiological process involving progesterone action and cAMP signaling. We here evaluated the effect of 8-Br-cAMP, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and of the progestin progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) alone and in combination on decidualization induction using prolactin ELISA, and on cell size, cell granularity, and cell survival via flow cytometry in hESCs of patients with and without endometriosis. While progestins alone did not induce functional decidualization in hESCs, 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin induced decidualization in hESCs from both cohorts, whereas the induction of FOXO1 transcription and prolactin secretion by forskolin was significantly lower than by 8-Br-cAMP. 8-Br-cAMP- and forskolin-induced prolactin secretion was significantly enhanced by MPA, but not by progesterone. Decidualization entailed a decrease in cell size and in cell granularity. In general, hESCs from women with mild (ASRM I/II) as well as severe (ASRM III/IV) endometriosis in trend displayed a higher granularity, whereas mainly hESCs from severe endometriosis showed a stronger resistance to the induction of cell death after decidualization induction. In both cohorts, the amount of the decidual marker protein prolactin rather exhibited an anti-proportional correlation to cell death induction during six day treatment. This study contributes to widen our understanding of the connection of decidualization and cell death in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Platt
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Janine Moyer
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dunja Baston-Büst
- Düsseldorf University Hospital, Department of OB/GYN and REI (UniKiD), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra P Bielfeld
- Düsseldorf University Hospital, Department of OB/GYN and REI (UniKiD), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruth Grümmer
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Zhang H, Wu J, Li Y, Jin G, Tian Y, Kang S. Identification of Key Differentially Methylated/Expressed Genes and Pathways for Ovarian Endometriosis by Bioinformatics Analysis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1630-1643. [PMID: 34671938 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify genes that were differentially methylated and differentially expressed and their related signaling pathways in ovarian endometriosis tissue. First, the DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in the endometrial tissue of patients with ovarian endometriosis were studied using Illumina 450K methylation microarray analysis and the GSE141549 gene expression dataset. Second, differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes, herein referred to as differentially methylated/expressed genes, were identified and protein-protein interaction networks and functional analysis of these genes were determined. Third, qPCR and immunohistochemistry of patient samples was used to confirm the differential expression of a subset of differentially methylated/expressed genes. Finally, the GSE7305 dataset was used confirm the expression profile of differentially methylated/expressed genes and to determine the potential usefulness of these genes for diagnosis of endometriosis. A total of 37 hypermethylated low-expression genes and 66 hypomethylated high-expression genes were identified in ovarian endometriosis patients. Protein-protein interaction and functional analysis highlighted 8 hypermethylated low-expression genes (KRT19, KRT8, ESR1, PRL, SFN, IL20RA, IL2RB, and PAX8) and 4 hypomethylated high-expression genes (CYP11A1, NR5A1, ME1, and GSTM1). Significantly, both of these gene sets had a diagnostic value for patients with ovarian endometriosis. Signaling pathways that were identified included JAK-STAT (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), prolactin (involving PRL and ESR1), Staphylococcus aureus infection (involving KRT19), viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 (involving GSTM1). The differentially methylated/expressed genes and enriched signaling pathways identified in this study are likely to be associated with the process of ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China.
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Ma J, Zhang L, Zhan H, Mo Y, Ren Z, Shao A, Lin J. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of endometriosis provides insights into fibroblast fates and immune cell heterogeneity. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:125. [PMID: 34233737 PMCID: PMC8261960 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent disease with an unclear aetiology and pathogenesis affecting 6–10% of the global female population, predominantly those of reproductive age. Herein, we profile the transcriptomes of approximately 55,000 single cells from three groups including ectopic endometrium, eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis, and eutopic endometrium from healthy women to create a single-cell transcriptome atlas of endometriosis. Results We have identified 9 cell types and performed single-cell analysis of fibroblasts, and determined a potential developmental trajectory associated with endometriosis. We also identified fibroblast subpopulations related to endometriosis development and found that StAR played an important role in this process. Moreover, T cells in endometriosis were less activated or inflammatory with decreased effector CD8 + T cells, while the composition ratio of natural killer cells decreased and the percentage of monocytes/macrophages increased in endometriosis cysts. In addition, the effectiveness of immune cells in endometriosis lesions, eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis, and eutopic endometrium from healthy women was distinct. Cell–cell interaction analyses highlighted the imbalanced immune environment in endometriosis lesions and immune cells in endometriosis could promote the development of the disease. Conclusion Our study provided a systematic characterisation of endometriosis and insights into the aetiology and pathology of endometriosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00637-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuanjie Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Du Y, Yan L, Sun M, Sheng Y, Li X, Feng Z, Tang R. Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injection Before Frozen Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcomes in Endometriosis-Associated Infertility. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:592921. [PMID: 33381512 PMCID: PMC7768008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.592921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in hormone replacement (HT) regime for frozen thawed embryo transfer in women with endometriosis (EM). Methods: We performed a retrospective, database-search, cohort study and included data on EM patients who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) between January 1, 2009 and August 31, 2018. According to the protocols for FET cycle, the patients were divided into two groups: control group (n = 296) and hCG group (n = 355). Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, early abortion rate, late abortion rate, and ectopic pregnancy rate were compared between the two groups. Results: There was a significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate in the hCG group (57.7 vs. 49%, p = 0.027) compared with the control group. The live birth rate in the hCG group (45.6 vs. 38.5%, p = 0.080) was also elevated, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: hCG administration in HT regime for FET increases the pregnancy rate in women with EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Du
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
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Xu Z, Chen W, Chen C, Xiao Y, Chen X. Effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before frozen-thawed embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in women with endometriosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2873-2880. [PMID: 31119991 PMCID: PMC6683888 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519848928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) intrauterine injection before frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) in women with endometriosis. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 45 women with endometriosis who underwent hCG intrauterine injection before FET; each woman was matched with three patients with endometriosis who did not receive hCG intrauterine injection (controls). Data on pregnancy and prenatal outcomes were extracted from medical records and compared. Results Patients in the hCG intrauterine injection group had significantly higher rates of pregnancy and clinical pregnancy (64.4% and 57.8%, respectively) than controls (47.4% and 39.3%, respectively). Neonatal birth weight for both singletons and twins was significantly higher in the hCG group (3486 ± 458 g and 2710 ± 437 g, respectively) than in the control group (3195 ± 401 g and 2419 ± 370 g, respectively). Conclusion Pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and birth weight were improved in women with endometriosis who underwent intrauterine hCG injection compared with those who did not receive hCG before FET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xu
- 1 Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Chen
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chune Chen
- 3 School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikang Xiao
- 3 School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- 1 Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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