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Pérez-Díaz JL, Martín-Pérez T, Del Álamo C, Sánchez-García-Casarrubios J, Copa-Patiño JL, Soliveri J, Orellana-Muriana JM, Pérez-Serrano J, Llerena-Aguilar FJ. Optimal Fast Integral Decontamination of Bacillus thuringiensis Aerosols and Fast Disinfection of Contaminated Surfaces. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041021. [PMID: 37110444 PMCID: PMC10143539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerosolized anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) spores are of extreme health concern and can remain airborne for hours and contaminate all kinds of surfaces, constituting reservoirs from which resuspension is easily produced. The assessment of decontamination techniques must therefore consider both air and surfaces. In the present study, several kinds of disinfecting fogs were experimentally tested against Bacillus thuringiensis spores, which served as a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, both as aerosols released into the air and spread on porous and non-porous surfaces with different positions and orientations. This technology removed Bacillus thuringiensis spores from the air in 20 min with just a 1 min application of fog. The dynamics and characteristics of the fog, related to aerosol and surface interactions, proved to be critical for optimal performance and decontamination. An optimal configuration could provide effective disinfection even on indirectly reached surfaces. In all cases, 8% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provided a higher disinfection rate than 2% glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Pérez-Díaz
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Tania Martín-Pérez
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cristina Del Álamo
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Copa-Patiño
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Soliveri
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Serrano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Del Álamo C, Vázquez-Calvo Á, Alcamí A, Sánchez-García-Casarrubios J, Pérez-Díaz JL. Assessment of Surface Disinfection Effectiveness of Decontamination System COUNTERFOG® SDR-F05A+ Against Bacteriophage ɸ29. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:304-313. [PMID: 35851946 PMCID: PMC9294796 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The experience of COVID19 pandemic has demonstrated the real concern of biological agents dispersed in the air and surfaces environments. Therefore, the need of a fast and large-scale disinfection method has arisen for prevention of contagion. COUNTERFOG® is an innovative technology developed for large-scale decontamination of air and surfaces. The objective of this study is to assess experimentally the effectiveness of COUNTERFOG® in disinfecting viral-contaminated surfaces. We also aim to measure the necessary time to disinfect said surfaces. Stainless steel surfaces were contaminated with bacteriophage φ29 and disinfected using COUNTERFOG® SDR-F05A+, which uses a sodium hypochlorite solution at different concentrations and for different exposure times. A log reduction over 6 logs of virus titer is obtained in 1 min with 1.2% sodium hypochlorite when the application is direct; while at a radial distance of 5 cm from the point of application the disinfection reaches a reduction of 5.5 logs in 8 min. In the same way, a higher dilution of the sodium hypochlorite concentration (0.7% NaOCl) requires more exposure time (16 min) to obtain the same log reduction (> 6 logs). COUNTERFOG® creates, in a short time and at a distance of 2 m from the point of application, a thin layer of disinfectant that covers the surfaces. The selection of the concentration and exposure time is critical for the efficacy of disinfection. These tests demonstrate that a concentration between 0.7- 1.2% sodium hypochlorite is enough for a fast and efficient ɸ29 phage inactivation. The fact that ɸ29 phage is more resistant to disinfection than SARS-CoV-2 sustains this disinfection procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Álamo
- Escuela Politécnica Superior UAH, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,600, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Ángela Vázquez-Calvo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcamí
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Pérez-Díaz
- Escuela Politécnica Superior UAH, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,600, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Falaise C, Bouvattier C, Larigauderie G, Lafontaine V, Berchebru L, Marangon A, Vaude-Lauthier V, Raynaud F, Taysse L. Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Decontamination of Hazard Group 3 Bacteria and Viruses in a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2022; 27:15-22. [PMID: 36032319 PMCID: PMC9402245 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to validate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) decontamination technology set up in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory on surrogates and hazard group 3 (HG3) agents. Methods and Results The HPV decontamination system (Bioquell) was assessed with both qualitative and quantitative methods on (1) spore surrogates (Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus atrophaeus, and Bacillus thuringiensis) in the BSL-3 laboratory and in the material airlock and on (2) HG3 agents (Bacillus anthracis; SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [VEE], and Vaccinia virus) in the BSL-3 laboratory. Other HG3 bacteria likely to be handled in the BSL-3 laboratory (Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia mallei, Brucella melitensis, and Francisella tularensis) were excluded from the HPV decontamination assays as preliminary viability tests demonstrated the total inactivation of these agents after 48 h drying on different materials. Conclusions The efficacy of HPV decontamination was validated with a reduction in viability of 5-7 log10 for the spores (surrogates and B. anthracis), and for the enveloped RNA viruses. Vaccinia showed a higher resistance to the decontamination process, being dependent on the biological indicator location in the BSL-3 laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Falaise
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France.,Address correspondence to: Charlotte Falaise, DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit 91710, France,
| | - Cécile Bouvattier
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Guilhem Larigauderie
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Valérie Lafontaine
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Laurent Berchebru
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Audrey Marangon
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Valérie Vaude-Lauthier
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Françoise Raynaud
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
| | - Laurent Taysse
- DGA CBRN Defence Center, Biology Division, French Ministry of the Armed Forces, Vert-le-Petit, France
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Kruszewska E, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Martonik D, Bukłaha A, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Is Peracetic Acid Fumigation Effective in Public Transportation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052526. [PMID: 35270221 PMCID: PMC8909421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic made more people aware of the danger of viruses and bacteria, which is why disinfection began to be used more and more often. Epidemiological safety must be ensured not only in gathering places, but also in home and work environments. It is especially challenging in public transportation, which is a perfect environment for the spread of infectious disease. Therefore, the aim of the study was the identification of bacteria in crowded places and the evaluation of the effect of fumigation with peracetic acid (PAA) in public transportation. Inactivation of microorganisms in buses and long-distance coaches was carried out using an automatic commercial fogging device filled with a solution of peracetic acid stabilized with acetic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Before and after disinfection, samples were taken for microbiological tests. The most prevalent bacteria were Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus licheniformis.Staphylococcus epidermidis was only present in buses, whereas Staphylococcus hominis and Exiguobacterium acetylicum were only present in coaches. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of microorganisms in samples taken from different surfaces after disinfection in vehicles. The overall effectiveness of disinfection was 81.7% in buses and 66.5% in coaches. Dry fog fumigation with peracetic acid is an effective method of disinfecting public transport vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kruszewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (P.C.); (S.P.); (A.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (P.C.); (S.P.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (P.C.); (S.P.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Diana Martonik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Bukłaha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (P.C.); (S.P.); (A.M.-M.)
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Wood JP, Richter W, Sunderman M, Calfee MW, Serre S, Mickelsen L. Evaluating the Environmental Persistence and Inactivation of MS2 Bacteriophage and the Presumed Ebola Virus Surrogate Phi6 Using Low Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3581-3590. [PMID: 32073830 PMCID: PMC7371032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease outbreaks, as well as the ability of EBOV to persist in the environment under certain conditions, highlight the need to develop effective decontamination techniques against the virus. We evaluated the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) to inactivate MS2 and Phi6 bacteriophages, the latter a recommended surrogate for EBOV. The phages were inoculated onto six material types with and without the presence of whole human blood. The inoculated materials were then exposed to either a high or low concentration of HPV for various elapsed times. The phages were also recovered from positive controls at these same elapsed times, to assess environmental persistence and decontamination efficacy. Low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor (LCHP; 25 ppm) was effective against both phages on all materials without the presence of blood at 2 h. LCHP was ineffective against the phages in the presence of blood, on all materials, even with a 3-day contact time. Higher concentrations of HPV (>400 ppm) with contact times of 24-32 h achieved approximately 2-6 log reduction of the phages in the presence of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Wood
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - William Richter
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus OH, 43201
| | | | - M. Worth Calfee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Shannon Serre
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Advisory Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | - Leroy Mickelsen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Advisory Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Rogers JV, Lastivka AT, Richter WR. Persistence and Inactivation ofBurkholderia malleiChina 7 Deposited on Nonporous Laboratory Materials. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676016651248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huan YF, Fei Q, Shan HY, Wang BJ, Xu H, Feng GD. A novel water-soluble sulfonated porphyrin fluorescence sensor for sensitive assays of H2O2and glucose. Analyst 2015; 140:1655-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Meyer KM, Tufts JA, Calfee MW, Oudejans L. Efficacy of sporicidal wipes for inactivation of a Bacillus anthracis surrogate. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1634-44. [PMID: 25220421 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate five commercially available sporicidal wipes and two disinfecting wipes for their ability to inactivate Bacillus atrophaeus spores deposited onto various material surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Decontamination efficacy of the wipes was initially tested on glass Petri dishes (150 mm diameter). Following exposure for a specified time of contact, survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of the remaining viable spores, both on the coupon surface and on the towelette itself, with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log reduction. Based on these data, five wipes were down-selected for evaluation on a larger scale, using 36 × 36 cm coupons of five different material types. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that sodium hypochlorite-based sporicidal wipes were most effective, having completely inactivated the Bacillus spores on the glass Petri dish and several materials. Additionally, results demonstrate that the manufacturer-prescribed contact times for Clostridium difficile achieved a 6 log10 reduction of B. atrophaeus spores. Moreover, commercially available disinfecting wipes were not able to kill Bacillus spores as evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data show the potential of sporicidal wipes for decontamination of small, contained areas of biological contamination and may help on-scene coordinators develop remediation plans following a biological terrorism event.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Meyer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Meyer K, Calfee M, Wood J, Mickelsen L, Attwood B, Clayton M, Touati A, Delafield R. Fumigation of a laboratory-scale HVAC system with hydrogen peroxide for decontamination following a biological contamination incident. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:533-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Meyer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Research Triangle Park NC USA
- US EPA; Office of Research and Development; National Homeland Security Research Center; Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - M.W. Calfee
- US EPA; Office of Research and Development; National Homeland Security Research Center; Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - J.P. Wood
- US EPA; Office of Research and Development; National Homeland Security Research Center; Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - L. Mickelsen
- US EPA; Office of Emergency Management; Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - B. Attwood
- US EPA; Office of Research and Development; National Homeland Security Research Center; Research Triangle Park NC USA
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Rogers JV, Choi YW, Richter WR. Effect of Drying and Exposure to Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide on the Inactivation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) on Non-porous Surfaces. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/153567601101600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rogers JV, Richter WR, Wendling MQS, Shesky AM. Inactivation of Brucella Suis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis using Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/153567601001500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Richter WR, Wendling MQS, Rogers JV. A Novel Approach for Conducting Room-scale Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of VirulentBacillus AnthracisSpores. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/153567600901400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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