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Almeida LRS, Vasconcelos L, Valenca GT, Carvalho K, Pinto EB, Oliveira-Filho J, Canning CG. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Falls Behavioral Scale in people with Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2684-2690. [PMID: 37403370 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2230132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Falls Behavioral (FaB-Brazil) Scale in Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants (n = 96) were assessed by disease-specific, self-report and functional mobility measures. Internal consistency of the FaB-Brazil scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and inter-rater and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), ceiling and floor effects, and convergent and discriminative validity were evaluated. RESULTS Internal consistency was moderate (α = 0.77). Excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.90; p < 0.001) and test-retest (ICC = 0.91; p < 0.001) reliability were found. The SEM was 0.20 and MDC was 0.38. Ceiling and floor effects were not found. Convergent validity was established by the positive correlations between the FaB-Brazil scale and age, modified Hoehn and Yahr, PD duration, Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living, Timed Up & Go and 8-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, and negative correlations between the FaB-Brazil scale and community mobility, Schwab & England, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. Females showed greater protective behaviors than males; recurrent fallers showed greater protective behaviors than non-recurrent fallers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The FaB-Brazil scale is reliable and valid for assessing people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosa S Almeida
- Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital/SESAB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lara Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T Valenca
- Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital/SESAB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kárin Carvalho
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elen Beatriz Pinto
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences (DCV), Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jamary Oliveira-Filho
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen G Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Almeida LRS, Valenca GT, Canning CG, Carvalho K, Silva AC, Oliveira-Filho J, Pinto EB. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Falls Behavioral (FaB-Brazil) Scale. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3922-3929. [PMID: 36373004 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2141356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and cross-culturally adapt a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Falls Behavioral Scale (FaB-Brazil) and to verify its psychometric properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process of the scale followed standard guidelines. The FaB-Brazil scale was applied to 93 community-dwelling older people. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to evaluate internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate interrater and test-retest reliability. The standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), ceiling and floor effects, convergent and discriminative validity were evaluated. A significance level of .05 was set for statistical analyses. RESULTS Internal consistency was moderate (α = 0.73). An excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.93; p < 0.001) and a good test-retest (ICC = 0.79; p < 0.001) reliability were found. The SEM was 0.27 and MDC was 0.53. Neither ceiling nor floor effects were found. Convergent validity was established by the positive correlations between the FaB-Brazil scale, age, and functional mobility, and by the negative correlations between the FaB-Brazil scale and balance confidence, community mobility and EuroQol-5D (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between males and females and between non-fallers and fallers. CONCLUSIONS Our results offer evidence for the reliability and validity of the FaB-Brazil scale for community-dwelling older people.Implications for RehabilitationFall-related behaviors should be part of the fall risk assessment of community-dwelling older people.The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Falls Behavioral Scale (FaB-Brazil) is reliable and valid for assessing fall-related behaviors in community-dwelling older people.The FaB-Brazil scale may be used to raise awareness about potential fall hazards and to guide fall prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosa S Almeida
- Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital/SESAB, Salvador, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T Valenca
- Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital/SESAB, Salvador, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Colleen G Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kárin Carvalho
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos Silva
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jamary Oliveira-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elen Beatriz Pinto
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences (DCV), Bahia State University, Salvador, Brazil
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Chippendale T. Predicting Use of Outdoor Fall Prevention Strategies: Considerations for Prevention Practices. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 38:775-790. [PMID: 29291679 DOI: 10.1177/0733464817751199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Outdoor falls are just as common as indoor falls, but have received less attention in research and practice. Behavioral strategies play an important role in outdoor fall prevention. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of strategy use. METHOD Backward stepwise regression was used to study factors associated with use of outdoor fall prevention strategies among a random sample ( N = 120) of community-dwelling seniors. RESULTS Significant negative predictors of strategy use included higher education levels ( p < .01) and living in an urban versus a suburban environment ( p < .01). Concern about falls and number of identified risks were positive predictors ( ps < .05). Differences were found between outdoor fallers and nonfallers in the use of three different types of strategies ( ps < .05). CONCLUSION There are some differences in the profiles of people who use and do not use outdoor fall prevention strategies. Further study of additional factors is warranted.
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Bilik O, Damar HT, Karayurt O. Fall behaviors and risk factors among elderly patients with hip fractures. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Brown KC, Hanson HM, Firmani F, Liu D, McAllister MM, Merali K, Puyat JH, Ashe MC. Gait Speed and Variability for Usual Pace and Pedestrian Crossing Conditions in Older Adults Using the GAITRite Walkway. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2015; 1:2333721415618858. [PMID: 28138480 PMCID: PMC5119883 DOI: 10.1177/2333721415618858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine gait characteristics of community-dwelling older adults at different speeds and during a crosswalk simulation. Methods: Twenty-two older adults completed walking trials at self-selected slow, usual, and fast paces, and at a crosswalk simulation, using the GAITRite walkway. These objective measures were complemented by self-report health and mobility questionnaires. Results: Gait speeds at self-selected slow, usual, and fast paces were 98.7 (18.1) cm/s, 140.9 (20.4) cm/s, and 174.0 (20.6) cm/s, respectively, and at simulated crosswalk conditions was 144.2 (22.3) cm/s. For usual pace, right step length variability was 2.0 (1.4) cm and step time variability was 13.6 (7.2) ms, compared with 2.4 (1.3) cm and 17.3 (9.7) ms, respectively, for crosswalk conditions. Discussion: Our sample of healthy older adults walked at a speed exceeding standards for crossing urban streets; however, in response to a crosswalk signal, participants adopted a significantly faster and more variable gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin C Brown
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather M Hanson
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Flavio Firmani
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danmei Liu
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan M McAllister
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Khalil Merali
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph H Puyat
- UBC School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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What is the evidence of the experience of having a fall across the life course? A qualitative synthesis. Disabil Health J 2014; 7:273-84. [PMID: 24947568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alleviating the economic and human impacts of falls and fear of falling are critical health and social care issues. Despite some proven effectiveness of a number of falls prevention intervention programmes, uptake remains low and attrition high. There is a need for greater understanding of social, cultural and individual, life course positioning of falling, actual or perceived. OBJECTIVE To address the question: what is the evidence of the experience of having a fall across the life course? METHOD A qualitative evidence synthesis with key electronic databases searched from 1990 to 2011 using terms related to the experience of falls and falling. Selected papers presented data from the perspective of the person who had fallen. Synthesis included collaborative coding of 'incidents' related to falling, theoretical sampling of studies to challenge emerging theories, and constant comparison of categories to generate explanations. RESULTS The initial focus was to access and assess the evidence for the experiences of a fall across the life course but the authors' systematic search revealed that the vast majority of the published literature focuses on the experience of a fall in later life. Only 2 of the 16 studies included, provided perspectives of falling from a life stage other than that of older adults. However older adults' perceptions of their falls experiences are likely to be influenced by lifelong attitudes and beliefs about falling and older age. Synthesis identified that a falls incident or fear of falling induces explicit or implicit 'Fear.' Consequences are related to notions of 'Control' and 'Social standing.' Recovery work involves 'Adaptation,' 'Implications,' 'Social standing' and 'Control.' 'Explanation' is sought. CONCLUSIONS How and why people make sense of falling across the life course should have positive impacts on developing falls intervention programmes that people will want to engage with and adhere to.
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Hägvide ML, Larsson TJ, Borell L. Fall scenarios In causing older women's hip fractures. Scand J Occup Ther 2012; 20:21-8. [PMID: 23003676 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2012.661456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Falls and fall-related injuries among older women constitute a major public health problem with huge costs for the society and personal suffering. The aim of this study was to describe and illustrate how a number of circumstances, conceptualized as a scenario, that were related to the individual, the environment, and the ongoing occupation contributed to a fall that led to a hip fracture among women. The sample included 48 women over 55 years old. METHODS Interviews were conducted during home visits and the analysis provided a descriptive picture of circumstances in the shape of a scenario related to the risk of falling. A number of scenarios were developed based on the data and named to provide an understanding of the interplay between the individual, the environment, and the ongoing occupation at the time of the fall. RESULTS By applying the concept of a scenario, occupational therapists can increase the awareness of fall risks among older people, and are relevant also for interior designers, architects, and town planners to consider when designing the local environment as well as furniture and other objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona-Lisa Hägvide
- Tallhöjden Health Care Clinic, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
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O'Connor ML, Hudak EM, Edwards JD. Cognitive Speed of Processing Training Can Promote Community Mobility among Older Adults: A Brief Review. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:430802. [PMID: 21748006 PMCID: PMC3124890 DOI: 10.4061/2011/430802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Community mobility is crucial for maintaining independent functioning and quality of life for older adults. Purpose. The present paper describes the relationship of cognition, particularly speed of processing as measured by the Useful Field of View Test, to mobility as indicated by driving behaviors, life space, and falls among healthy older adults. Research examining the impact of cognitive speed of processing training (SOPT) on older adults' community mobility (i.e., driving behaviors) is also summarized. Key Issues. Even slight cognitive declines can place older adults at risk for mobility limitations. However, cognitive interventions like SOPT can mitigate declines in driving mobility. Implications. The potential of SOPT to sustain community mobility among older adults is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 1023 Millmont Street, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hudak
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jerri D. Edwards
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Muhaidat J, Skelton D, Kerr A, Evans J, Ballinger C. Older Adults' Experiences and Perceptions of Dual Tasking. Br J Occup Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.4276/030802210x12839367526057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on which dual task (DT) test best assesses mobility or balance deficits in older adults. This study aimed to explore older adults' experiences and perceptions of dual tasking to identify DTs relevant to their everyday life and that they perceive as difficult or risky. Two gender-specific focus groups were conducted. Six males and nine females, aged 70 years or above, participated. The topics posed to the groups included structured and open questions designed to explore experiences of combining two activities and the consequences of that for balance. The results were subjected to content analysis to identify DT examples, task difficulty levels and balance-threatening tasks. Most participants were able to identify DT examples and some identified a concurrent impact on balance. There were gender differences in the examples: the females focused more on household tasks and the males more on outdoor activities. Many tasks that were considered difficult or risky by the participants do not feature sufficiently in the literature, such as stair negotiation and avoiding moving obstacles accompanied by secondary tasks. The views of older adults should be taken into consideration to help to develop tests that are more sensitive and have face validity.
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Clemson L, Mackenzie L, Ballinger C, Close JCT, Cumming RG. Environmental interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling older people: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Aging Health 2009; 20:954-71. [PMID: 18815408 DOI: 10.1177/0898264308324672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study seeks to determine the efficacy of environmental interventions in reducing falls in community-dwelling older people. Method. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials was performed. Results. Pooled analysis of six trials (N = 3,298) demonstrated a 21% reduction in falls risk (relative risk [RR] = 0.79; 0.65 to 0.97). Heterogeneity was attributable to the large treatment effect of one trial. Analysis of a subgroup of studies with participants at high risk of falls (four trials, n = 570) demonstrated a clinically significant 39% reduction of falls (RR = 0.61; 0.47 to 0.79), an absolute risk difference of 26% for a number needed to treat four people. Discussion. Home assessment interventions that are comprehensive, are well focused, and incorporate an environmental-fit perspective with adequate follow-up can be successful in reducing falls with significant effects. The highest effects are associated with interventions that are conducted with high-risk groups.
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Clemson L, Cumming RG, Kendig H, Swann M, Heard R, Taylor K. The effectiveness of a community-based program for reducing the incidence of falls in the elderly: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52:1487-94. [PMID: 15341550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether Stepping On, a multifaceted community-based program using a small-group learning environment, is effective in reducing falls in at-risk people living at home. DESIGN A randomized trial with subjects followed for 14 months. SETTING The interventions were conducted in community venues, with a follow-up home visit. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred ten community residents aged 70 and older who had had a fall in the previous 12 months or were concerned about falling. INTERVENTION The Stepping On program aims to improve fall self-efficacy, encourage behavioral change, and reduce falls. Key aspects of the program are improving lower-limb balance and strength, improving home and community environmental and behavioral safety, encouraging regular visual screening, making adaptations to low vision, and encouraging medication review. Two-hour sessions were conducted weekly for 7 weeks, with a follow-up occupational therapy home visit. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was falls, ascertained using a monthly calendar mailed by each participant. RESULTS The intervention group experienced a 31% reduction in falls (relative risk (RR)=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.50-0.96; P=.025). This was a clinically meaningful result demonstrating that the Stepping On program was effective for community-residing elderly people. Secondary analysis of subgroups showed that it was particularly effective for men (n=80; RR=0.32, 95% CI=0.17-0.59). CONCLUSION The results of this study renew attention to the idea that cognitive-behavioral learning in a small-group environment can reduce falls. Stepping On offers a successful fall-prevention option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Clemson
- School of Occupation and Leisure Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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