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Matošić Ž, Šimunović L, Jukić T, Granić R, Meštrović S. "Examining the link between tooth agenesis and papillary thyroid cancer: is there a risk factor?" Observational study. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:12. [PMID: 38523193 PMCID: PMC10961299 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in one or multiple genes can lead to hypodontia and its characteristic features. Numerous studies have shown a strong genetic influence on the occurrence of hypodontia, and identified several genes, including AXIN2, EDA, FGF3, FGFR2, FGFR10, WNT10A, MSX1, and PAX9, that are directly associated with dental agenesis and carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and pattern of tooth agenesis, microdontia, and palatally displaced canine (PDC) in women diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), compared to a control group of women without any malignancy or thyroid disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was carried at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, and Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre. The study involved a clinical examination and evaluation of dental status, panoramic X-ray analysis, and assessment of medical and family history of 116 female patients aged 20-40 with PTC, as well as 424 females in the control group who were of similar age. RESULTS The prevalence of hypodontia, microdontia, and PDC was statistically higher in women with PTC than in the control group. The prevalence rate of hypodontia was 11.3% in the experimental group and 3.5% in the control group. The experimental group showed a higher occurrence of missing upper lateral incisors, lower left central incisors, and all the third molars (except the upper left) compared to the control group. Women with PTC showed the prevalence of PDC significantly higher than the control group (3.5%, 0.7%, p = 0.002). The probability of hypodontia as a clinical finding increases 2.6 times, and microdontia occurs 7.7 times more frequently in women with PTC. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a possible link between odontogenesis and PTC. The absence of permanent teeth may increase the likelihood of PTC in women. Leveraging the age-7 orthopantomogram to identify women at high risk for PTC within a critical early detection window could significantly improve oral health outcomes and PTC prognosis through proactive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željana Matošić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Jukić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roko Granić
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Meštrović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lee YJ, Lee Y, Kim YJ, Lee ZH, Kim JW. Novel PAX9 Mutations Causing Isolated Oligodontia. J Pers Med 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38392624 PMCID: PMC10890363 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypodontia, i.e., missing one or more teeth, is a relatively common human disease; however, oligodontia, i.e., missing six or more teeth, excluding the third molars, is a rare congenital disorder. Many genes have been shown to cause oligodontia in non-syndromic or syndromic conditions. In this study, we identified two novel PAX9 mutations in two non-syndromic oligodontia families. A mutational analysis identified a silent mutation (NM_006194.4: c.771G>A, p.(Gln257=)) in family 1 and a frameshift mutation caused by a single nucleotide duplication (c.637dup, p.(Asp213Glyfs*104)) in family 2. A minigene splicing assay revealed that the silent mutation resulted in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing instead of normal splicing. The altered splicing products are ones with an exon 4 deletion or using a cryptic 5' splicing site in exon 4. Mutational effects were further investigated using protein expression, luciferase activity assay and immunolocalization. We believe this study will not only expand the mutational spectrum of PAX9 mutations in oligodontia but also strengthen the diagnostic power related to the identified silent mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Y, Hou Y, Ren J, Gao X, Meng L, Liu Y, Xing C, Shen W. Phenotypic characteristics of taurodontism and a novel WNT10A variant in non-syndromic oligodontia family. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105759. [PMID: 37422997 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants in wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 10A (WNT10A) have been proposed to be the most common cause of non-syndromic oligodontia (NSO). The goal of the present study was to identify the novel WNT10A variants in Chinese families with NSO. DESIGN Clinical data were collected from 39 families with oligodontia admitted to the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University (China) from 2016 to 2022. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify WNT10A variants in three families with non-syndromic oligodontia. Amino acid conservation analysis and protein conformational analysis were conducted for the WNT10A variant. Genotype-phenotype analysis was performed on the previously reported WNT10A variants related to NSO. RESULTS We found a novel heterozygous WNT10A variant c.1127 G>A (p.Cys376Tyr) and two reported heterozygous variants c.460 C>A (p.Leu154Met) and c.511 C>T (p.Arg171Cys). Structural modeling showed that the novel WNT10A variant was located in a highly conserved domain, which led to structural damage of WNT10A protein. In addition, we found that the phenotype of the WNT10A variants affected the maxillary second premolars, followed by the mandibular second premolars, and rarely affected the maxillary central incisor. Herein, it is the first time to report that NSO patients with WNT10A monoallele mutation carry taurodontism phenotype and 6.1% prevalence of taurodontism in WNT10A-related NSO patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the novel variant c.1127 G>A (p.Cys376Tyr) of WNT10A causes NSO. The present study expanded the known variation spectrum of WNT10A and provided valuable information for genetic counseling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yifei Hou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral Prevention, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Congcong Xing
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Ranjan P, Das P. An inclusive study of deleterious missense PAX9 variants using user-friendly tools reveals structural, functional alterations, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123375. [PMID: 36702222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the PAX9 are responsible for non-syndromic tooth agenesis in humans, although their structural and functional consequences on protein phenotype, stability, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have not yet been adequately investigated. This in silico study focuses on retrieving the six most deleterious mutations (L21P, R26W, R28P, G51S, I87F, and K91E) of PAX9 that has been linked to severe oligodontia. Several computational algorithm methods were used to determine the deleterious effects of PAX9 mutations. Analysis of gene ontology, protein interactions, and PTMs indicated significant functional changes caused by PAX9 mutations. The structural superimposition of the wild-type and mutant PAX9 variants revealed structural changes in locations that were present in the structures of all six variations. The conserved domain analysis revealed that the areas shared by all six variations contained unique sections that lacked DNA binding or protein-protein interaction sites, suggesting prospective drug target sites for functional restoration. The protein-protein interaction network showed KDM5B as PAX9's strongest interacting partner similar to MSX1. The PAX9 protein's structural conformations, compactness, stiffness, and function may all be impacted by changes, according to MD simulations. In addition, research on cell lines and animal models may be valuable in establishing their specific roles in functional annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Ren J, Gan S, Zheng S, Li M, An Y, Yuan S, Gu X, Zhang L, Hou Y, Du Q, Zhang G, Shen W. Genotype-phenotype pattern analysis of pathogenic PAX9 variants in Chinese Han families with non-syndromic oligodontia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1142776. [PMID: 37056289 PMCID: PMC10086135 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1142776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-syndromic oligodontia is characterized by the absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars, and can have aesthetic, masticatory, and psychological consequences. Previous studies have shown that PAX9 is associated with autosomal dominant forms of oligodontia but the precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown.Methods: Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were performed on a cohort of approximately 28 probands with NSO, for mutation analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on the potential variants. Immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, and qPCR were used to explore the preliminary functional impact of the variant PAX9 proteins. We reviewed PAX9-related NSO articles in PubMed to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations.Results: We identified three novel PAX9 variants in Chinese Han families: c.152G>T (p.Gly51Val), c.239delC (p.Thr82Profs*3), and c.409C>T (q.Gln137Ter). In addition, two previously reported missense variants were identified: c.140G>C (p.Arg47Pro) and c.146C>T (p.Ser49Leu) (reference sequence NM_006194.4). Structural modeling revealed that all missense variants were located in the highly conserved paired domain. The other variants led to premature termination of the protein, causing structural impairment of the PAX9 protein. Immunofluorescence assay showed abnormal subcellular localizations of the missense variants (R47P, S49L, and G51V). In human dental pulp stem cells, western blotting and qPCR showed decreased expression of PAX9 variants (c.140G>C, p.R47P, and c.152G>T, p.G51V) compared with the wild-type group at both the transcription and translation levels. A review of published papers identified 64 PAX9 variants related to NSO and found that the most dominant feature was the high incidence of missing upper second molars, first molars, second premolars, and lower second molars.Conclusion: Three novel PAX9 variants were identified in Chinese Han families with NSO. These results extend the variant spectrum of PAX9 and provide a foundation for genetic diagnosis and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sifang Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Meikang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yilin An
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuge Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjing Shen,
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Ravi V, Murashima-Suginami A, Kiso H, Tokita Y, Huang C, Bessho K, Takagi J, Sugai M, Tabata Y, Takahashi K. Advances in tooth agenesis and tooth regeneration. Regen Ther 2023; 22:160-168. [PMID: 36819612 PMCID: PMC9931762 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of treatment options for congenital (0.1%) and partial (10%) tooth anomalies highlights the need to develop innovative strategies. Over two decades of dedicated research have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of congenital and acquired tooth loss. We revealed that by inactivating USAG-1, congenital tooth agenesis can be successfully ameliorated during early tooth development and that the inactivation promotes late-stage tooth morphogenesis in double knockout mice. Furthermore, Anti- USAG-1 antibody treatment in mice is effective in tooth regeneration and can be a breakthrough in treating tooth anomalies in humans. With approximately 0.1% of the population suffering from congenital tooth agenesis and 10% of children worldwide suffering from partial tooth loss, early diagnosis will improve outcomes and the quality of life of patients. Understanding the role of pathogenic USAG-1 variants, their interacting gene partners, and their protein functions will help develop critical biomarkers. Advances in next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, and imaging technologies will assist in developing companion and predictive biomarkers to help identify patients who will benefit from tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Ravi
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Murashima-Suginami
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kiso
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y. Tokita
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - C.L. Huang
- Department of ThoracicSurgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - K. Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J. Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Sugai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Y. Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Toregem BioPharma Inc., Kyoto, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20, Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan. Fax: +81-6-6312-8867.
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REN J, ZHAO Y, YUAN Y, ZHANG J, DING Y, LI M, AN Y, CHEN W, ZHANG L, LIU B, ZHENG S, SHEN W. Novel PAX9 compound heterozygous variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and genotype-phenotype analysis of PAX9 variants. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220403. [PMID: 36995881 PMCID: PMC10065762 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported that >91.9% of non-syndromic tooth agenesis cases are caused by seven pathogenic genes. To report novel heterozygous PAX9 variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and summarize the reported genotype-phenotype relationship of PAX9 variants. METHODOLOGY We recruited 28 patients with non-syndromic oligodontia who were admitted to the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University (China) from 2018 to 2021. Peripheral blood was collected from the probands and their core family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants. SWISS-MODEL homology modeling was used to analyze the three-dimensional structural changes of variant proteins. We also analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships of PAX9 variants. RESULTS We identified novel compound heterozygous PAX9 variants (reference sequence NM_001372076.1) in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia: a new missense variant c.1010C>A (p.T337K) in exon 4 and a new frameshift variant c.330_331insGT (p.D113Afs*9) in exon 2, which was identified as the pathogenic variant in this family. This discovery expands the known variant spectrum of PAX9; then, we summarized the phenotypes of non-syndromic oligodontia with PAX9 variants. CONCLUSION We found that PAX9 variants commonly lead to loss of the second molars.
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Khan MI, Ahmed N, Neela PK, Unnisa N. The Human Genetics of Dental Anomalies. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:76-81. [PMID: 35707781 PMCID: PMC9192175 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of tooth is a highly complex procedure and mastered by specific genetic programs. Genetic alterations, environmental factors, and developmental timing can disturb the execution of these programs, and result in various dental anomalies like hypodontia/oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth, which are commonly seen in our clinical practice. Advances in molecular research enabled the identification of various genes involved in the pathogenesis of dental anomalies. In the near future, it will help provide a more accurate diagnosis and biological-based treatment for these anomalies. In this article, we present the molecular phenomenon of tooth development and the genetics of various dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamad Irfanulla Khan
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- General Dental Practitioner, Max Dental Specialties, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neela
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nayeem Unnisa
- General Dental Practitioner, The Dental Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Vitria EE, Tofani I, Kusdhany L, Bachtiar EW. Genotyping analysis of the Pax9 Gene in patients with maxillary canine impaction. F1000Res 2019; 8:254. [PMID: 31069070 PMCID: PMC6489985 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17147.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paired-box gene 9 ( PAX9) mutation is potentially associated with impaction in some patient populations. Here, we analyzed the relationship between PAX9 polymorphism and the occurrence of maxillary canine impaction. Methods: Patients with and without maxillary canine impaction were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, and samples of genomic DNA were obtained from a buccal mucosa swab. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for further bioinformatics analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Genotype and allele counting was performed in both case and control groups prior to conducting statistical analysis. Results: Four SNPs were identified in patients with maxillary canine impaction, with relative confidence determined based on chromatogram-peak assessment. All SNPs were located in exon 3 of PAX9 and in the region sequenced by the primer pair -197Fex3 and +28Rex3. Three of the SNPs (rs375436662, rs12881240, and rs4904210) were reported previously and are annotated in NCBI (dbSNP version 150), whereas another SNP mapped to chromosome 14 has not been reported. Patients with a CC genotype at SNP 3 [odds ratio (OR): 2.61 vs. TT; 1.28 vs. CT] and a CC genotype at SNP 4 [OR: 0.71 vs. GG; 0.79 vs. CG] were more likely to have maxillary canine impaction. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the presence of SNPs 3 and 4 is associated with increased likelihood of suffering from maxillary canine impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Eida Vitria
- Departement of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry,, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Tofani
- Departement of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry,, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lindawati Kusdhany
- Departement of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Familial oligodontia and regional odontodysplasia associated with a PAX9 initiation codon mutation. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4107-4111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abu-Siniyeh A, Khabour OF, Owais AI. The role of PAX9 promoter gene polymorphisms in causing hypodontia: a study in the Jordanian population. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2018; 11:145-149. [PMID: 30538524 PMCID: PMC6254497 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s183212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The congenital absence of one or few teeth, hypodontia, is considered one of the utmost dental ageneses in human beings. Several genes have been shown to be involved in the development of hypodontia such as paired box gene 9 (PAX9). The expression of PAX9 is controlled by several polymorphic elements in the promoter region of the gene on 14q13.3 locus. The aim of this study was to find any association between PAX9 c.-912T>C (rs2073247) and c.-1031G>A (rs2073244) promoter polymorphisms and the development of hypodontia among the Jordanian population. Methods Genotyping of the polymorphisms in 72 unrelated subjects with hypodontia was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique and compared with that of 72 normal healthy unrelated control individuals. Results The hypodontia group had a significantly higher -1031GG genotype (P<0.01) and a significantly lower -912TC genotype (P<0.01) compared with the control group. The results suggest that the transcriptional activity of PAX9 gene is affected by polymorphisms in the promoter region of this gene and is associated with hypodontia phenotype. Conclusion The rs2073247) and rs2073244 promoter polymorphisms of PAX9 might play a role in the development of hypodontia in the Jordanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Siniyeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Arwa I Owais
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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12
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Taju W, Sherriff M, Bister D, Shah S. Association between severity of hypodontia and cephalometric skeletal patterns: a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod 2018; 40:200-205. [PMID: 29016739 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess if severity of hypodontia is related to a specific skeletal pattern. Study design Lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental panoramic tomographs of 182 hypodontia patients were analysed. The severity of hypodontia was recorded and the sample was divided into groups with mild (n = 71), moderate (n = 56) and severe (n = 55) hypodontia. According to ethnicity, the sample was further subdivided into White Caucasians, African-British, and Arabian/Indian subgroups. Cephalometric measurements were used to quantify the skeletal discrepancy and vertical facial dimensions. Mean and standard deviation for each group were obtained for comparison and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to assess the level of significance between the means of the readings in different severity groups. Results In the white Caucasian group, increased severity of hypodontia, was related to a retrusive maxilla with concomitant reduction of A point, Nasion, B point (ANB), reduced mandibular plane angle and anterior lower facial height (P value: 0.0935-0.9371). For the Black-British and Arabian/Indian groups' findings were inconsistent, with no specific pattern as the number of missing teeth increased. Conclusion The white Caucasian group followed a pattern that has previously been reported in other studies. For Black-British and Arabian/Indian groups' findings were inconsistent and no specific pattern emerged for different degrees of hypodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Taju
- Department of Orthodontics, Umm Al-Qura University College of Dentistry, Al Abedyah Campus, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martyn Sherriff
- School of Oral & Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK
| | - Dirk Bister
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Shah
- Department of Orthodontics, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Xiong Z, Ren S, Chen H, Liu Y, Huang C, Zhang YL, Odera JO, Chen T, Kist R, Peters H, Garman K, Sun Z, Chen X. PAX9 regulates squamous cell differentiation and carcinogenesis in the oro-oesophageal epithelium. J Pathol 2018; 244:164-175. [PMID: 29055049 PMCID: PMC5842438 DOI: 10.1002/path.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PAX9 is a transcription factor of the PAX family characterized by a DNA-binding paired domain. Previous studies have suggested a potential role of PAX9 in squamous cell differentiation and carcinogenesis of the oro-oesophageal epithelium. However, its functional roles in differentiation and carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, Pax9 deficiency in mouse oesophagus promoted cell proliferation, delayed cell differentiation, and altered the global gene expression profile. Ethanol exposure downregulated PAX9 expression in human oesophageal epithelial cells in vitro and mouse forestomach and tongue in vivo. We further showed that PAX9 was downregulated in human oro-oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC), and its downregulation was associated with alcohol drinking and promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, ad libitum feeding with a liquid diet containing ethanol for 40 weeks or Pax9 deficiency promoted N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis in mouse tongue, oesophagus, and forestomach. In conclusion, PAX9 regulates squamous cell differentiation in the oro-oesophageal epithelium. Alcohol drinking and promoter hypermethylation are associated with PAX9 silencing in human OESCC. PAX9 downregulation may contribute to alcohol-associated oro-oesophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xiong
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yawan Lyvia Zhang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Joab Otieno Odera
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 410 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ralf Kist
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Heiko Peters
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katherine Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, DUMC 3913, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 4 Tian-Tan-Xi-Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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14
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Fauzi NH, Ardini YD, Zainuddin Z, Lestari W. A review on non-syndromic tooth agenesis associated with PAX9 mutations. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2018; 54:30-36. [PMID: 29628999 PMCID: PMC5884223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis in the reduction of tooth number which includes hypodontia, oligodontia and anodontia is caused by disturbances and gene mutations that occur during odontogenesis. To date, several genetic mutations that unlock the causes of non-syndromic tooth agenesis are being discovered; these have been associated with certain illnesses because tooth development involves the interaction of several genes for tooth epithelium and mesenchyme odontogenesis. Mutation of candidate genes PAX9 and MSX1 have been identified as the main causes of hypodontia and oligodontia; meanwhile, AXIN2 mutation is associated with anodontia. Previous study using animal models reported that PAX9-deficient knockout mice exhibit missing molars due to an arrest of tooth development at the bud stage. PAX9 frameshift, missense and nonsense mutations are reported to be responsible; however, the most severe condition showed by the phenotype is caused by haploinsufficiency. This suggests that PAX9 is dosage-sensitive. Understanding the mechanism of genetic mutations will benefit clinicians and human geneticists in future alternative treatment investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hasyiqin Fauzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Yunita Dewi Ardini
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Zainuddin
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Widya Lestari
- Department of Oral Biology, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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15
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Wong SW, Han D, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Miao MZ, Wang Y, Zhao N, Zeng L, Bai B, Wang YX, Liu H, Frazier-Bowers SA, Feng H. Nine Novel PAX9 Mutations and a Distinct Tooth Agenesis Genotype-Phenotype. J Dent Res 2017; 97:155-162. [PMID: 28910570 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517729322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies affecting function and esthetics. The paired-domain transcription factor, Pax9, is critical for patterning and morphogenesis of tooth and taste buds. Mutations of PAX9 have been identified in patients with tooth agenesis. Despite significant progress in the genetics of tooth agenesis, many gaps in knowledge exist in refining the genotype-phenotype correlation between PAX9 and tooth agenesis. In the present study, we complete genetic and phenotypic characterization of multiplex Chinese families with nonsyndromic (NS) tooth agenesis. Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products revealed 9 novel (c.140G>C, c.167T>A, c.332G>C, c.194C>A, c.271A>T, c.146delC, c.185_189dup, c.256_262dup, and c.592delG) and 2 known heterozygous mutations in the PAX9 gene among 120 probands. Subsequently, pedigrees were extended, and we confirmed that the mutations co-segregated with the tooth agenesis phenotype (with exception of families in which DNA analysis was not available). In 1 family ( n = 6), 2 individuals harbored both the PAX9 c.592delG mutation and a heterozygous missense mutation (c.739C>T) in the MSX1 gene. Clinical characterization of families segregating a PAX9 mutation reveal that all affected individuals were missing the mandibular second molar and their maxillary central incisors are most susceptible to microdontia. A significant reduction of bitter taste perception was documented in individuals harboring PAX9 mutations ( n = 3). Functional studies revealed that PAX9 haploinsufficiency or a loss of function of the PAX9 protein underlies tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Wong
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,2 Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,3 Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D Han
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- 4 Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Z Miao
- 2 Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y Wang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - N Zhao
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Zeng
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - B Bai
- 5 Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-X Wang
- 4 Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,6 National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S A Frazier-Bowers
- 7 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Feng
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,6 National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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16
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Sarkar T, Bansal R, Das P. A novel G to A transition at initiation codon and exon-intron boundary of PAX9 identified in association with familial isolated oligodontia. Gene 2017; 635:69-76. [PMID: 28847717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies on experimental animals indicate that the process of organogenesis crucially depends upon the spatiotemporal dose of certain critical bio-molecules. Tooth development is also not an exception. While most of the knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of tooth development comes from the studies on mouse model, pathogenic variations identified in human tooth agenesis also provide valuable information on mammalian tooth development. Until now five major candidate genes have been identified for tooth agenesis in human. Among them, PAX9 plays the crucial role in tooth development and in non-syndromic congenital tooth agenesis. In this study, microsatellite and SNP based genotyping identifies a disease specific haplotype block, which includes PAX9 gene, segregates with autosomal dominant tooth agenesis phenotype. Direct sequencing of PAX9 identifies a novel heterozygous G to A transition at the third base (c.3G>A) of initiation codon leading to ATG to ATA shift in all affected individuals which is absent in all unaffected relatives and 200 control chromosomes. Further, in vitro functional analysis creating PAX9 minigene construct did apparently show no effect on the splice-site migration. It is therefore proposed that haploinsufficiency of PAX9 is the causal factor for tooth agenesis in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - Rajesh Bansal
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, India.
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17
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Bonczek O, Balcar V, Šerý O. PAX9
gene mutations and tooth agenesis: A review. Clin Genet 2017; 92:467-476. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Bonczek
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Animal Embryology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - V.J. Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of medical sciences, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - O. Šerý
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Animal Embryology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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18
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Haddaji Mastouri M, De Coster P, Zaghabani A, Trabelsi S, May Y, Saad A, Coucke P, H’mida Ben Brahim D. Characterization of a novel mutation in PAX9 gene in a family with non-syndromic dental agenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Salvi A, Giacopuzzi E, Bardellini E, Amadori F, Ferrari L, De Petro G, Borsani G, Majorana A. Mutation analysis by direct and whole exome sequencing in familial and sporadic tooth agenesis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1338-1348. [PMID: 27665865 PMCID: PMC5065298 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental agenesis is one of the most common congenital craniofacial abnormalities. Dental agenesis can be classified, relative to the number of missing teeth (excluding third molars), as hypodontia (1 to 5 missing teeth), oligodontia (6 or more missing teeth), or anodontia (lack of all teeth). Tooth agenesis may occur either in association with genetic syndromes, based on the presence of other inherited abnormalities, or as a non-syndromic trait, with both familiar and sporadic cases reported. In this study, we enrolled 16 individuals affected by tooth agenesis, prevalently hypodontia, and we carried out direct Sanger sequencing of paired box 9 (PAX9) and Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) genes in 9 subjects. Since no mutations were identified, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in the members of 5 families to identify causative gene mutations either novel or previously described. Three individuals carried a known homozygous disease mutation in the Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A) gene (rs121908120). Interestingly, two of these individuals were siblings and also carried a heterozygous functional variant in EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) (rs114632254), another disease causing gene, generating a combination of genetic variants never described until now. The analysis of exome sequencing data in the members of other 3 families highlighted new candidate genes potentially involved in tooth agenesis and considered suitable for future studies. Overall, our study confirmed the major role played by WNT10A in tooth agenesis and the genetic heterogeneity of this disease. Moreover, as more genes are shown to be involved in tooth agenesis, WES analysis may be an effective approach to search for genetic variants in familiar or sporadic tooth agenesis, at least in more severe clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Amadori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lia Ferrari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
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20
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Shah K, Nasir A, Irfanullah, Shahzad S, Khan S, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous mutation disrupting the initiation codon in the SLURP1 gene underlies mal de Meleda in a consanguineous family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:675-679. [PMID: 29226984 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and keratotic skin lesions. Patients with MDM can develop perioral erythema, keratotic and lichenoid plaques over the joints (including the elbows and knees), nail abnormalities, joint contractures and stiffness, brachydactyly, sclerodactyly, pseudoainhum, and malodorous maceration. MDM is associated with mutations in the SLURP1 gene. We report a consanguineous family in which MDM was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Genotyping using microsatellite markers established linkage in the family to the SLURP1 gene, which has been mapped previously to chromosome 8q24.3. Sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c.2T>C, p.Met1Thr) in affected family members. Molecular docking studies using a ZDOCK server predicted disruption of binding of the mutant variant to its target α7-nAChR. This study further supports the previously reported findings that homozygous mutations in the SLURP1 gene cause MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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A novel initiation codon mutation of PAX9 in a family with oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Šerý O, Bonczek O, Hloušková A, Černochová P, Vaněk J, Míšek I, Krejčí P, Izakovičová Hollá L. A screen of a large Czech cohort of oligodontia patients implicates a novel mutation in thePAX9gene. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:65-71. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Animal Embryology; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bonczek
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Animal Embryology; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hloušková
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Černochová
- Clinic of Stomatology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vaněk
- Clinic of Stomatology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Míšek
- Laboratory of Animal Embryology; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Clinic of Stomatology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Krejčí
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovičová Hollá
- Clinic of Stomatology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
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23
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Ceyhan D, Kirzioglu Z, Calapoglu NS. Mutations in the MSX1 gene in Turkish children with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and other dental anomalies. Indian J Dent 2015; 5:172-82. [PMID: 25565750 PMCID: PMC4260382 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.144717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To search for mutations on the MSX1 gene and to present a genetic basis for non-syndromic tooth agenesis in conjunction with dental anomalies in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The patients included in this study were otherwise healthy, with ages ranging from seven to eighteen years. Eighty-two of them had one to six teeth missing (Group I) and 26 had more than six teeth missing (Group II), except for the third molars,. The missing teeth and dental anomalies were examined clinically and radiographically. The MSX1 gene was sequenced from the blood samples of patients who consented to the study. Results: Mutations or polymorphisms on the MSX1 gene were identified in six patients. Taurodontism was seen in patients from both groups I and II. The nucleotide changes were identified by mutation screening. Conclusions: Performing family studies, screening other candidate genes, and investigation of interactions between genes will provide a basis for better analysis of tooth agenesis models and their association with other dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ceyhan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Kirzioglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Sahin Calapoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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24
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Clinical and genetic analysis of a nonsyndromic oligodontia in a child. Case Rep Dent 2014; 2014:137621. [PMID: 25215247 PMCID: PMC4158267 DOI: 10.1155/2014/137621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of tooth agenesis may be related to several factors, among them, the genetic alterations that play a fundamental role in the development of this dental anomaly, so that knowledge about it helps the clinician to have a greater understanding of their patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the case of a nonsyndromic child, with tooth agenesis of one premolar, three first permanent molars, and all second permanent molars. In addition, a genetic research between polymorphic variants in genes MMP3 and BMP2 was performed in order to observe the association between changes in these genes and congenital tooth absences. For this purpose, DNA from child was extracted and polymorphisms were investigated. It was clinically and radiographically observed that this was a case of oligodontia, in which the authors suggested an association between the polymorphisms found and tooth agenesis diagnosed in that child.
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Tallón-Walton V, Manzanares-Céspedes MC, Carvalho-Lobato P, Valdivia-Gandur I, Arte S, Nieminen P. Exclusion of PAX9 and MSX1 mutation in six families affected by tooth agenesis. A genetic study and literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e248-54. [PMID: 24316698 PMCID: PMC4048113 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, it is describe the phenotypical analysis and the mutational screening, for genes PAX9 and MSX1, of six families affected by severe forms of tooth agenesis associated with other dental anomalies and systemic entities. STUDY DESIGN Six families affected by severe tooth agenesis associated with other dental anomalies and systemic entities were included. Oral exploration, radiological examination, medical antecedents consideration and mutational screening for PAX9 and MSX1 were carried out. RESULTS No mutations were discovered despite the fact that numerous teeth were missing. An important phenotypical variability was observed within the probands, not being possible to establish a parallelism with the patterns associated to previously described PAX9 and MSX1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS; These results bring us to conclude that probably other genes can determine phenotypical patterns of dental agenesis in the families studied, different than the ones described in the mutations of PAX9 and MSX1. Moreover, epigenetic factors can be involved, as those that can reduce gene dosage and other post-transcriptional modulation agents, causing dental agenesis associated or not with systemic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tallón-Walton
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona University, 5305, Pavelló de Govern, 5a planta, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
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Alves-Ferreira M, Pinho T, Sousa A, Sequeiros J, Lemos C, Alonso I. Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:452-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034514523986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis affects 20% of the world population, and maxillary lateral incisors agenesis (MLIA) is one of the most frequent subtypes, characterized by the absence of formation of deciduous or permanent lateral incisors. Odontogenesis is a complex mechanism regulated by sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, controlled by activators and inhibitors involved in several pathways. Disturbances in these signaling cascades can lead to abnormalities in odontogenesis, resulting in alterations in the formation of the normal teeth number. Our aim was to study a large number of genes encoding either transcription factors or key components in signaling pathways shown to be involved in tooth odontogenesis. We selected 8 genes— MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, SPRY2, TGFA, SPRY4, and WNT10A—and performed one of the largest case-control studies taking into account the number of genes and variants assessed, aiming at the identification of MLIA susceptibility factors. We show the involvement of PAX9, EDA, SPRY2, SPRY4, and WNT10A as risk factors for MLIA. Additionally, we uncovered 3 strong synergistic interactions between MLIA liability and MSX1- TGFA, AXIN2- TGFA, and SPRY2- SPRY4 gene pairs. We report the first evidence of the involvement of sprouty genes in MLIA susceptibility. This large study results in a better understanding of the genetic components and mechanisms underlying this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alves-Ferreira
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T. Pinho
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Ciências da Saúde, Instituto Superior de Ciências Saúde–Norte / CESPU, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - A. Sousa
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Sequeiros
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CGPP, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Lemos
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I. Alonso
- UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Immunohistochemical localization of Pax6 in the developing tooth germ of mice. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:373-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Isman E, Nergiz S, Acar H, Sari Z. PAX9 polymorphisms and susceptibility with sporadic tooth agenesis in Turkish populations: a case-control study. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:733. [PMID: 24160254 PMCID: PMC3826669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypodontia, the congenital absence of one or a few teeth is one of the most common alterations of the human dentition. Familial hypodontia is caused by mutations in PAX9, Msx1 and Axin2 genes. Limited numbers of studies are present to show etiological factors beyond this anomaly in Turkish community belonging to Caucasian racial family. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the two different single nucleotide polymorphisms that are G-1031A and T-912C with hypodontia in Caucasians. 200 individuals having hypodontia and 114 normal individuals having all 32 teeth present were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each individual and DNA was extracted. To determine the polymorphisms, PCR-RFLP method was used. Results The outcomes suggest that the individuals having AC haplotype carry less risk in having hypodontia compared with the rest of the haplotype groups (OR = 3.88; CI = 95%; p = 0.001). The ratio of GT haplotype is less in the hypodontia group meaning that the GT carriers are in risk group in terms of hypodontia risk. Conclusion These results indicate that polymorphisms in the promoter region of PAX9 gene may have an influence on the transcriptional factors and activity of this gene and are associated with hypodontia in Caucasian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Isman
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey.
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Mu YD, Xu Z, Contreras CI, McDaniel JS, Donly KJ, Chen S. Mutational analysis of AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 in two Mexican oligodontia families. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:4446-58. [PMID: 24222224 DOI: 10.4238/2013.october.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genes for axin inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), and paired box gene 9 (PAX9) are involved in tooth root formation and tooth development. Mutations of the AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes are associated with non-syndromic oligodontia. In this study, we investigated phenotype and AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 gene variations in two Mexican families with non-syndromic oligodontia. Individuals from two families underwent clinical examinations, including an intra-oral examination and panoramic radiograph. Retrospective data were reviewed, and peripheral blood samples were collected. The exons and exon-intronic boundaries of the AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes were sequenced and analyzed. Protein and messenger RNA structures were predicted using bioinformative software programs. Clinical and oral examinations revealed isolated non-syndromic oligodontia in the two Mexican families. The average number of missing teeth was 12. The sequence analysis of exons and exon-intronic regions of AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 revealed 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including seven in AXIN2, two in MSX1, and three in PAX9. One novel SNP of MSX1, c.476T>G (Leu159Arg), was found in all of the studied patients in the families. MSX1 Leu159Arg and PAX9 Ala240Pro change protein and messenger RNA structures. Our findings suggested that a combined reduction of MSX1 and PAX9 gene dosages increased the risk for oligodontia in the Mexican families, as in vivo investigation has indicated that interaction between Msx1 and Pax9 is required for tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Mu
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Mostowska A, Zadurska M, Rakowska A, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. NovelPAX9mutation associated with syndromic tooth agenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:403-11. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan; Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry; The Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw; Poland
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology; Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Internal Affaires; Warsaw; Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan; Poland
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan; Poland
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Ruf S, Klimas D, Hönemann M, Jabir S. Genetic background of nonsyndromic oligodontia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:295-308. [PMID: 23828301 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this work was to identify all known gene mutations that have been associated with the development of nonsyndromic oligodontia. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed electronically in two databases (PubMed, Medpilot) supplemented by a hand search. Articles published up to March 2012 were considered. Search terms were combined as follows: oligodontia and genes, oligodontia and mutations, tooth agenesis and genes, and tooth agenesis and mutations. A meta-analysis of the data was conducted based on the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC). RESULTS Seven genes are currently known to have a potential for causing nonsyndromic oligodontia. All these genes vary both in terms of number of identified mutations and in terms of number of documented patients: 33 mutations and 93 patients are on record for PAX9, 10 mutations and 51 patients for EDA, 12 mutations and 33 patients for MSX1, 6 mutations and 17 patients for AXIN2, and 1 mutation in 1 patient for EDARADD, NEMO, and KRT17 each. A total TAC score of 250 was found to have cutoff properties, as 100% of MSX1 and 80% of EDA patients exhibited TAC ≤ 250, whereas 96.9% of PAX9 and 90% of AXIN2 patients exhibited TAC >250. Furthermore, 94.3% of EDA patients but only 28.6% of MSX1 patients exhibited odd-numbered TAC scores in at least one quadrant, and 72.7% of PAX9 but none of the AXIN2 patients were found to show TAC scores of 112 in at least one quadrant. CONCLUSION In order of decreasing frequency, PAX9, EDA, MSX1, AXIN2, EDARADD, NEMO, and KRT17 are the seven genes currently known to have a potential for causing nonsyndromic oligodontia. TAC scores enabled us to identify an association between oligodontia phenotypes and genotypes in the patients covered by this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Germany.
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Kandagal VS, Bilahari N, Shenai P, Chatra L, Pramod RC, Ashir KR. Oligodontia with taurodontism in monozygous twins. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 4:662-4. [PMID: 23272313 PMCID: PMC3530327 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Suresh Kandagal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Satara, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
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Wang SK, Chan HC, Makovey I, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Novel PAX9 and COL1A2 missense mutations causing tooth agenesis and OI/DGI without skeletal abnormalities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51533. [PMID: 23227268 PMCID: PMC3515487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited dentin defects are classified into three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and two types of dentin dysplasia (DD). The genetic etiology of DD-I is unknown. Defects in dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) cause DD type II and DGI types II and III. DGI type I is the oral manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a systemic disease typically caused by defects in COL1A1 or COL1A2. Mutations in MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA and WNT10A can cause non-syndromic familial tooth agenesis. In this study a simplex pattern of clinical dentinogenesis imperfecta juxtaposed with a dominant pattern of hypodontia (mild tooth agenesis) was evaluated, and available family members were recruited. Mutational analyses of the candidate genes for DGI and hypodontia were performed and the results validated. A spontaneous novel mutation in COL1A2 (c.1171G>A; p.Gly391Ser) causing only dentin defects and a novel mutation in PAX9 (c.43T>A; p.Phe15Ile) causing hypodontia were identified and correlated with the phenotypic presentations in the family. Bone radiographs of the proband's dominant leg and foot were within normal limits. We conclude that when no DSPP mutation is identified in clinically determined isolated DGI cases, COL1A1 and COL1A2 should be considered as candidate genes. PAX9 mutation p.Phe15Ile within the N-terminal β-hairpin structure of the PAX9 paired domain causes tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hui-Chen Chan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Igor Makovey
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jan C-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Taurodontism in Brazilian patients with tooth agenesis and first and second-degree relatives: A case–control study. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1062-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boeira Junior BR, Echeverrigaray S. Novel missense mutation in PAX9 gene associated with familial tooth agenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:99-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liang J, Zhu L, Meng L, Chen D, Bian Z. Novel nonsense mutation in MSX1 causes tooth agenesis with cleft lip in a Chinese family. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:278-82. [PMID: 22813217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental disorders in humans. Previous studies have attributed non-syndromic tooth agenesis to mutations in several genes, including MSX1, PAX9, EDA, and AXIN2. In this study, we investigated a Chinese family with tooth agenesis combined with cleft lip. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of all available family members. Candidate genes MSX1 and PAX9 were amplified by the PCR and directly sequenced. A novel heterozygous mutation at c.C565T, exon 2 of MSX1, was identified in affected members. To analyze the effect of the nonsense mutation on MSX1 expression, vectors containing wild-type and mutated MSX1 were constructed and transfected into COS7 cell lines. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of the mutated MSX1 was dramatically reduced compared with that of the wild-type MSX1. Our findings suggest that the nonsense mutation in MSX1 might have resulted in rapid degradation of the mutated transcript and caused the phenotype of tooth agenesis with cleft lip in the Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST, & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liang J, Song G, Li Q, Bian Z. Novel missense mutations in PAX9 causing oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:784-9. [PMID: 22277187 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the disease-causing gene of oligodontia in Chinese families and analysed the pathogenesis of mutations of this gene that results in oligodontia. METHODS Two families with oligodontia, but of different descent and 100 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples. Mutation analysis was performed by amplifying MSX1 and PAX9 exons and sequencing the products. After identifying the mutations, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate mutated vectors. The wild-type and mutated PAX9 vectors were then transfected separately to NIH3T3 cells. Immunolocalization, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter assay were performed to analyse the effects of mutations on protein function. RESULTS We identified two novel missense mutations, Leu27Pro (L27P) and Ile29Thr (I29T) in the paired-domain of PAX9. Analysis of homologous PAX proteins indicated that these two substitutions may affect the function of the PAX9 protein. Results of immunofluorescence and western blot showed that the mutations did not alter the nuclear localization of PAX9. EMSA and luciferase reporter assays indicated that both the mutated proteins could not bind DNA or transactivate the BMP4 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Two novel missense mutations in PAX9 have been indentified in Chinese families causing oligodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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Révay T, Villagómez DAF, Brewer D, Chenier T, King WA. GTG mutation in the start codon of the androgen receptor gene in a family of horses with 64,XY disorder of sex development. Sex Dev 2011; 6:108-16. [PMID: 22095250 DOI: 10.1159/000334049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic sex in mammals is determined by the sex chromosomal composition of the zygote. The X and Y chromosomes are responsible for numerous factors that must work in close concert for the proper development of a healthy sexual phenotype. The role of androgens in case of XY chromosomal constitution is crucial for normal male sex differentiation. The intracellular androgenic action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), and its impaired function leads to a myriad of syndromes with severe clinical consequences, most notably androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer. In this paper, we investigated the possibility that an alteration of the equine AR gene explains a recently described familial XY, SRY + disorder of sex development. We uncovered a transition in the first nucleotide of the AR start codon (c.1A>G). To our knowledge, this represents the first causative AR mutation described in domestic animals. It is also a rarely observed mutation in eukaryotes and is unique among the >750 entries of the human androgen receptor mutation database. In addition, we found another quiet missense mutation in exon 1 (c.322C>T). Transcription of AR was confirmed by RT-PCR amplification of several exons. Translation of the full-length AR protein from the initiating GTG start codon was confirmed by Western blot using N- and C-terminal-specific antibodies. Two smaller peptides (25 and 14 amino acids long) were identified from the middle of exon 1 and across exons 5 and 6 by mass spectrometry. Based upon our experimental data and the supporting literature, it appears that the AR is expressed as a full-length protein and in a functional form, and the observed phenotype is the result of reduced AR protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Révay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Zhu J, Yang X, Zhang C, Ge L, Zheng S. A novel nonsense mutation in PAX9 is associated with sporadic hypodontia. Mutagenesis 2011; 27:313-7. [PMID: 22058014 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important events during the regulation of tooth development were inductive interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. The expression of Pax9 had been shown to specifically mark the mesenchymal regions at the prospective sites of all teeth prior to any morphological manifestations. Here, we investigated the PAX9 gene as a candidate gene for hypodontia in five unrelated Chinese patients with tooth agenesis. Direct sequencing and restriction enzyme analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation c.480C>G (p.160Tyr>X, Y160X) in a patient who was missing 20 permanent teeth (the third molars excluded) and 6 primary teeth. The mutation was a nonsense mutation, leading to a premature stop codon in exon 2 of PAX9 gene. PCR analysis of complementary DNA from cultured lymphocytes of the affected individual could not indicate the complete degradation of the mutated transcript. Promoter reporter assays revealed reduced transcriptional activity of the mutated PAX9 protein suggesting that the severe phenotype may result from haploinsufficiency of PAX9. In another patient with 15 missing permanent teeth (the third molars excluded), we found the c.219insG mutation previously reported by Stockton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Mitsiadis TA, Luder HU. Genetic basis for tooth malformations: from mice to men and back again. Clin Genet 2011; 80:319-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Witkop tooth and nail syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia manifested by hypodontia and nail dysplasia. Tooth shape may vary, and conical and narrow crowns are common. Mandibular incisors, second molars, and maxillary canines are the most frequently missing teeth. Nail dysplasia affects the fingernails and especially the toenails and is often more severe in childhood. Nails may be spoon-shaped, ridged, slow-growing, and easily broken. We examined an Eastern Mediterranean family in which three siblings (two girls, one boy) had this syndrome. The severity of finger and toenail anomalies varied. The children's mother had no Witkop-related abnormalities, but their father was reported to have dental and nail anomalies. Early intervention is recommended to manage orofacial disfigurement and avoid negative social consequences for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Memarpour
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang J, Jian F, Chen J, Wang H, Lin Y, Yang Z, Pan X, Lai W. Sequence analysis of PAX9, MSX1 and AXIN2 genes in a Chinese oligodontia family. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1027-34. [PMID: 21530942 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of our research was to look into the clinical traits and genetic mutations in nonsyndromic oligodontia in a Chinese family and to gain insight into the role of mutations of PAX9, MSX1 and AXIN2 in oligodontia phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 subjects from a family underwent complete oral examination, including panoramic radiographs. Retrospective data were reviewed and blood samples were collected. PCR primers for PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2 were designed through the Oligo Primer Analysis Software. PCR products were purified and sequenced using the BigDye Terminator Kit and analysed by the 3730 DNA Analyzer. RESULTS The proband missed 4 permanent canines, 2 permanent maxillary lateral incisors, 2 permanent mandibular lateral incisors, and 2 permanent mandibular central incisors, whilst his maternal grandfather lacked only 2 permanent mandibular central incisors. Moreover, the size of some permanent teeth appeared smaller than normal values of crown width of Chinese people. Oligodontia and abnormalities of teeth were not present in other family members. Radiographic examination showed that the proband and the rest of family members retained all germs of the third molars. There was one known mutation A240P (rs4904210) of PAX9 in the coding region in the proband and the maternal family members (II-2, II-3, and II-4), which possibly contributed to structural and functional changes of proteins. No mutations were identified in MSX1 and AXIN2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may imply that the PAX9 A240P mutation is a risk factor for oligodontia in the Chinese population. A240P is likely to be a genetic cause of oligodontia though previous literature suggested it as a polymorphism only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Almeida CVD, Andrade SCD, Saito CPB, Ramenzoni LL, Line SRP. Transcriptional analysis of the human PAX9 promoter. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 18:482-6. [PMID: 21085804 PMCID: PMC4246379 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives PAX9 belongs to the Pax family of transcriptional factor genes. This gene is
expressed in embryonic tissues such as somites, pharyngeal pouch endoderm, distal
limb buds and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Polymorphisms in the upstream
promoter region of the human PAX9 have been associated with human non-syndromic
tooth agenesis. In the present study, we verified the in vitro
mRNA expression of this gene and the luciferase activity of two constructs
containing promoter sequences of the PAX9 gene. Material and Methods Embryonic tissues were obtained from digits, face, and midbrain/hindbrain regions.
Fragments containing PAX9 promoter sequences were cloned into reporter plasmids
and were transfected into the different cell cultures. mRNA were extracted from
primary cell cultures. Results The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that in vitro E13.5
limb bud and CNS cells express PAX9, but cells derived from the facial region do
not. Moreover, the luciferase assay showed that protein activity of the
constructed vector was weaker than pgl3 -basic alone. Conclusion The present results suggest that the promoter sequences analyzed are not
sufficient to drive PAX9 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vieira de Almeida
- Histology and Embryology Program, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Oligodontia, a form of hypodontia commonly seen in permanent than in deciduous dentition. It is defined as the congenital absence of six or more teeth, excluding third molars. It is relatively a rare condition that can occur either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome. A case of nonsyndromic oligodontia in a 12-year-old boy with congenital absence of all permanent teeth except the premolars (excluding third molars) and over-retained deciduous dentition with conical shaped anteriors is reported. The prevalence, possible etiological factors and treatment options of the condition is reviewed.
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Paixão-Côrtes VR, Braga T, Salzano FM, Mundstock K, Mundstock CA, Bortolini MC. PAX9 and MSX1 transcription factor genes in non-syndromic dental agenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:337-44. [PMID: 21111400 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular variation of paired domain box gene 9 (PAX9) was previously investigated by our research group and a high degree of evolutionary conservation in coding and non-coding regions was observed except in exon 3. PAX9 is a transcription factor important in tooth development, and we wanted to verify its role in dental agenesis in detail. Since dental development is a complex trait we also decided to examine the influence of another transcription factor, muscle segment homeodomain-homeobox 1 (MSX1) on it. DESIGN A total of 360 consecutively ascertained patients seeking orthodontic treatment were screened for tooth agenesis and 33% of them were found to have it. Thirty-five of those with agenesis and 15 controls had their DNA studied for PAX9 exons 2, 3, 4 and adjacent regions (total of 1476 base pairs, bp) as well as MSX1 exon 2 (698bp). A trio (a proband and her parents) was also studied. RESULTS Six polymorphic sites were found, three in PAX9 exon 3 and three in MSX1 exon2. MSX1 rs1095 derived allele occurred in individuals with agenesis only, and two other mutations in this gene had been earlier associated with tooth agenesis. Homozygosity for the PAX9 Ala240Pro mutation was studied in a family (proband and her parents), suggesting recessive inheritance with variable expressivity for the dental agenesis found. CONCLUSION Common variants located out of the DNA binding domain of the two PAX9 and MSX1 genes can also be related to tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodrigues Paixão-Côrtes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pinho T, Silva-Fernandes A, Bousbaa H, Maciel P. Mutational analysis of MSX1 and PAX9 genes in Portuguese families with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. Eur J Orthod 2010; 32:582-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Faber J, Velasque F. Titanium miniplate as anchorage to close a premolar space by means of mesial movement of the maxillary molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136:587-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nieminen P. Genetic basis of tooth agenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:320-42. [PMID: 19219933 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis or hypodontia, failure to develop all normally developing teeth, is one of the most common developmental anomalies in man. Common forms, including third molar agenesis and hypodontia of one or more of the incisors and premolars, constitute the great majority of cases. They typically affect those teeth that develop latest in each tooth class and these teeth are also most commonly affected in more severe and rare types of tooth agenesis. Specific vulnerability of the last developing teeth suggests that agenesis reflects quantitative defects during dental development. So far molecular genetics has revealed the genetic background of only rare forms of tooth agenesis. Mutations in MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2 and EDA have been identified in familial severe agenesis (oligodontia) and mutations in many other genes have been identified in syndromes in which tooth agenesis is a regular feature. Heterozygous loss of function mutations in many genes reduce the gene dose, whereas e.g. in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) the complete inactivation of the partially redundant signaling pathway reduces the signaling centers. Although these mechanisms involve quantitative disturbances, the phenotypes associated with mutations in different genes indicate that in addition to an overall reduction of odontogenic potential, tooth class-specific and more complex mechanisms are also involved. Although several of the genes so far identified in rare forms of tooth agenesis are being studied as candidate genes of common third molar agenesis and incisor and premolar hypodontia, it is plausible that novel genes that contribute to these phenotypes will also become identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Nieminen
- Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang Y, Groppe JC, Wu J, Ogawa T, Mues G, D'Souza RN, Kapadia H. Pathogenic mechanisms of tooth agenesis linked to paired domain mutations in human PAX9. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2863-74. [PMID: 19429910 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the paired-domain transcription factor PAX9 are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis that preferentially affects posterior dentition. Of the 18 mutations identified to date, eight are phenotypically well-characterized missense mutations within the DNA-binding paired domain. We determined the structural and functional consequences of these paired domain missense mutations and correlated our findings with the associated dental phenotype variations. In vitro testing included subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions between MSX1 and mutant PAX9 proteins, binding of PAX9 mutants to a DNA consensus site and transcriptional activation from the Pax9 effector promoters Bmp4 and Msx1 with and without MSX1 as co-activator. All mutant PAX9 proteins were localized in the nucleus of transfected cells and physically interacted with MSX1 protein. Three of the mutants retained the ability to bind the consensus paired domain recognition sequence; the others were unable or only partly able to interact with this DNA fragment and also showed a similarly impaired capability for activation of transcription from the Msx1 and Bmp4 promoters. For seven of the eight mutants, the degree of loss of DNA-binding and promoter activation correlated quite well with the severity of the tooth agenesis pattern seen in vivo. One of the mutants however showed neither reduction in DNA-binding nor decrease in transactivation; instead, a loss of responsiveness to synergism with MSX1 in target promoter activation and a dominant negative effect when expressed together with wild-type PAX9 could be observed. Our structure-based studies, which modeled DNA binding and subdomain stability, were able to predict functional consequences quite reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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