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Tak HJ, Moon JW, Kim JY, Kang SH, Lee SH. Transition of endochondral bone formation at the normal and botulinum-treated mandibular condyle of growing juvenile rat. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105999. [PMID: 38815512 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of canonical endochondral ossification (CEO) and non-canonical endochondral ossification (NCEO) of the normal growing rat condyle, and to evaluate their histomorphological changes following the simultaneous hypotrophy of the unilateral masticatory closing muscles with botulinum toxin (BTX). DESIGN 46 rats at postnatal 4 weeks were used for the experiment and euthanized at postnatal 4, 8, and 16 weeks. The right masticatory muscles of rats in experimental group were injected with BTX, the left being injected with saline as a control. The samples were evaluated using 3D morphometric, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis with three-dimensional regional mapping of endochondral ossifications. RESULTS The results showed that condylar endochondral ossification changed from CEO to NCEO at the main articulating surface during the experimental period and that the BTX-treated condyle presented a retroclined smaller condyle with an anteriorly-shifted narrower articulating surface. This articulating region showed a thinner layer of the endochondral cells, and a compact distribution of flattened cells. These were related to the load concentration, decreased cellular proliferation with thin cellular layers, reduced extracellular matrix, increased cellular differentiation toward the osteoblastic bone formation, and accelerated transition of the ossification types from CEO to NCEO. CONCLUSION The results suggest that endochondral ossification under loading tended to show more NCEO, and that masticatory muscular hypofunction by BTX had deleterious effects on endochondral bone formation and changed the condylar growth vector, resulting in a retroclined, smaller, asymmetrical, and deformed condyle with thin cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Tak
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Moon
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwy Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Cai J, Deng Y, Min Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Jing D. Revealing the representative facial traits of different sagittal skeletal types: decipher what artificial intelligence can see by Grad-CAM. J Dent 2023; 138:104701. [PMID: 37717687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aesthetic improvement is a significant concern in dental therapy. While orthodontic treatment primarily targets hard tissue, the impact on soft tissue and the extent of these changes remains empirical. This study aims to unveil the intricate relationship between facial soft tissue and skeletal types using artificial intelligence (AI) analysis. METHODS First, we collected a dataset of 1044 3-side-photographs and categorized them based on cephalometric measurements. After pre-processing and data augmentation, samples were fed to two independent models (Sfa, Res model) for training and testing. After validating that the Sfa model could accurately recognize the skeletal types based merely on photographs, Grad-CAM algorithm was utilized for model decipherment. Verification of the vital traits were carried out by facial adjustment simulation. RESULTS The Sfa model demonstrated superior accuracy (0.9293) in identifying skeletal types based solely on soft tissue, compared to the Res model (0.8395) and even trained orthodontists (0.764), testifying our hypothesis that AI could be more capable of processing imperceptible cues compared to mankind. Intriguingly, Grad-CAM revealed that cheek volume, forehead, chin and nasolabial traits could be representative features of each type, exceeding the traditional knowledge which merely concerns mandible and chin. CONCLUSION By constructing a deep learning model as a classifier and then decipher it with Grad-CAM, we revealed the subtle and unnoticed cues associating skeletal and soft tissue, as well as provided a novel approach that could aid practitioners in devising tailored treatment plans for enhanced esthetic outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The proposed AI methods offer valuable assistance to practitioners in identifying uncoordinated facial traits that may detract from a patient's attractiveness. By incorporating these insights into customized treatment plans, dental therapy can maximize esthetic benefits for individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yudi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Ziyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China.
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Gross A, Buschang PH, Shakya A, Jing Y. Short-term effects of mechanical loading on the transdifferentiation of condylar chondrocytes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:201-214. [PMID: 36922241 PMCID: PMC10659147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into bone cells explains most of the prenatal and early postnatal condylar growth, but its role during later postnatal growth and the mechanisms regulating transdifferentiation remain unknown. This study aimed to quantify the effects of mechanical loading on chondrocyte-derived osteogenesis during late postnatal condylar growth using a short-term mandibular laterotrusion model. METHODS Thirty 4-week-old Aggrecan-CreERT2, R26RtdTomato, and 2.3Col1a1-GFP compound mice received tamoxifen injections and were divided into control and experimental groups. Appliances were bonded to shift the mandibles of the experimental mice for 5 days, causing protrusion and retrusion of the right and left condyles, respectively. Radiographic, microcomputed tomographic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS The experimental and control groups showed substantial transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into bone cells. The experimental mice developed asymmetric mandibles, with the protrusive side significantly longer than the retrusive side. The protrusive condyles showed significantly increased chondrogenesis and greater numbers of chondrocyte-derived osteogenic cells, especially in the posterior third. The opposite effects were seen on the retrusive side. CONCLUSIONS Transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into bone cells occurs during late postnatal condylar growth. Laterotrusion regulates condylar chondrogenesis and chondrocyte transdifferentiation, which alters the amount and direction of condylar growth. Our study demonstrated that chondrocytes are key players in condylar bone formation and should be the focus of studies to control and further understand condylar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gross
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Ajay Shakya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex
| | - Yan Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex.
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Tetradis S, Allen MR, Ruggiero SL. Pathophysiology of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-A Minireview. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10785. [PMID: 37614299 PMCID: PMC10443081 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect of antiresorptive medications administered for control of osseous malignancy, osteoporosis, or other bone metabolic diseases. Despite being reported in the literature two decades ago, MRONJ etiology, pathophysiology, and progression remain largely unknown, and current nonoperative or operative treatment strategies are mostly empirical. Several hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms of MRONJ pathogenesis have been proposed. However, none of these hypotheses alone is able to capture the complex mechanistic underpinnings of the disease. In this minireview, we aim to highlight key findings from clinical and translational studies and propose a unifying model for the pathogenesis and progression of MRONJ. We also identify aspects of the disease process that require further investigation and suggest areas for future research efforts toward calibrating methodologic approaches and validating experimental findings. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical SciencesUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Salvatore L. Ruggiero
- New York Center for Orthognathic and Maxillofacial SurgeryLake SuccessNYUSA
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryStony Brook School of Dental MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryHofstra‐Northwell School of MedicineHempsteadNYUSA
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Castro ACRD, Kim H, Cho HJ, Nojima LI, Nojima MDCG, Kim HJ, Hu KS, Lee KJ. Three-dimensional micromorphology of human midpalatal suture and pterygomaxillary articular complex. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:141-149. [PMID: 37400305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sutures exist in the craniofacial area, and the pattern of maturation and synostosis of facial sutures is largely unknown. METHODS For a comprehensive understanding of the three-dimensional circummaxillary suture micromorphology, human midpalatal suture (MPS) and pterygomaxillary articular complex from eight subjects' (five males, three females, 72-88 years old) autopsies were longitudinally scanned with microcomputed tomography. Additional histology was performed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Sutural micromorphology was assessed by interdigitation index (II), obliteration index (OI) and obliteration number. Intergroup comparisons were performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.005). Correlation with anteroposterior and craniocaudal gradients was assessed with Spearman's correlation test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Maxillary region of MPS presented a higher II 1.50 (0.61) and obliteration number per slice 8 (9) (P < 0.005). OI was increased in palatomaxillary 35% (47%) followed by pterygopalatine suture 25% (49%) (P < 0.005). The II and OI of the MPS exhibited only a weak anteroposterior gradient, with relatively low correlations. Obliteration areas were found sporadically along the entire MPS. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, it is conceivable that the success of nonsurgical maxillary expansion largely depends on individual variations in sutural morphology and maturation rather than appliance design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cunha Regal de Castro
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harim Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Graduate school, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lincoln Issamu Nojima
- Professor, Division of Anatomy, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Professor, Division of Anatomy, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Hu
- Professor, Division of Anatomy, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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One-stage versus two-stage piezocision-assisted orthodontic tooth movement: A preclinical study based on Nano-CT and RT-PCR analyses. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e663-e669. [PMID: 35276408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a second-stage piezocision on the biological response. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 rats were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups of 10 rats. Rats undergoing a one-stage piezocision were sacrified on day 7, 28 and 42 (groups 1-3) while rats undergoing a two-satge piezocision were sacrified on day 42, 63 and 90 (groups 4-6), respectively. The biological response was investigated in 3D at the tissue level using Nano-computed tomography (Nano-CT) and, at the molecular level using the qRT-PCR technique. Bone Volume Fraction (BVF) loss was the primary endpoint. RESULTS Similar loss of BVF were observed both after the first and second piezocisions. The change in BVF loss between 7 and 28 days after each piezocision were 25.1 ± 13.0 (SE)% and 11.2 ± 11.6 (SE)% respectively and did not differ from each other (p = 0.43). Changes in BVF loss from 7 to 42 days were also comparable in one-stage and two-stage piezocision (4.9 ± 12.3 (SE) vs. -19.9 ± 13.4 (SE), p = 0.19). At the molecular level, all parameters except Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) protein had identical patterns. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present study, a second piezocision allowed to re-induce the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP) effect. Nevertheless, the relevance of the findings to the clinical effect has not been tested.
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Lyros I, Ferdianakis E, Halazonetis D, Lykogeorgos T, Alexiou A, Alexiou KE, Georgaki M, Vardas E, Yfanti Z, Tsolakis AI. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030144. [PMID: 35324872 PMCID: PMC8953185 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular protrusion and its treatment is challenging for the orthodontist. The aim of the present research was to identify macroscopic changes in the mandible, based on three-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography analysis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental (group A) and control (group B). Each consisted of three equal subgroups of 12 rats (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3). Full-cast orthodontic intraoral devices were attached to the maxillary incisors of the experimental animals, and effected functional posterior mandibular displacement. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were fed with mashed food. Animals were sacrificed at 30 days (A1, B1), 60 days (A2, B2) and 90 days (A3, B3). At the 60th day of the experiment, the orthodontic devices were removed from the remaining experimental subgroup A3. Measurements revealed significant differences in the anteroposterior dimensions between experimental and control subgroups. However, the observed changes in the vertical dimensions, Condylion/Go’–Menton and the Intercondylar distance proved insignificant. Posterior mandibular displacement of the mandible in growing rats affects the morphology of the mandible and culminates in the development of a smaller mandible at a grown age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Efstratios Ferdianakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | | | - Antigoni Alexiou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Konstantina-Eleni Alexiou
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (K.-E.A.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Emmanouil Vardas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Zafeiroula Yfanti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (K.-E.A.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Frias Cortez MA, Bourauel C, Reichert C, Jäger A, Reimann S. Numerical and biomechanical analysis of orthodontic treatment of recovered periodontally compromised patients. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:255-268. [PMID: 34269825 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Generate a finite element (FE) model to simulate space closure and retraction mechanics for anterior maxillary teeth in periodontally compromised dentition, and compare the biomechanical effect of initial force systems with varying magnitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS The geometry of an idealized finite element model (FEM) of a maxilla was adapted such that the teeth showed reduced periodontal support together with extruded and flared incisors. In a first step, leveling and alignment of the front teeth were simulated. In a second step, force systems for orthodontic space closure of residual spaces on both sides distal to the lateral incisors were simulated. A combined intrusion and retraction cantilever was modeled, to simulate en masse retraction mechanics with segmented arches and elastic chains. A commercial FE system was used for all model generations and simulations. RESULTS Results of the simulations indicated that a force of 1.0 N is too high for space closure of flared front teeth in periodontally damaged dentition, as extreme strains may occur. En masse retraction using cantilever mechanics with lower forces showed a uniform intrusion and retraction movement and thus proved to be a better option for treating patients with a periodontally compromised dentition. CONCLUSION The outcome of this study indicates that increased periodontal stresses resulting from severe attachment loss should be seriously considered by careful planning of the orthodontic mechanics and reduction of the applied forces is suggested. The presented cantilever mechanics seems to be an appropriate means for en masse retraction of periodontally compromised extruded front teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Reimann
- Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Glöggler JC, Hellmann D, Von Manstein M, Jäger R, Repky S, Beyersmann J, Lapatki BG. Motor learning might contribute to a therapeutic anterior shift of the habitual mandibular position-An exploratory study. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:891-900. [PMID: 33983634 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive mandibular advancement with functional appliances is commonly used to treat juvenile patients with mandibular retrognathism. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether active repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position would result in a shift of the habitual mandibular position (HMP). METHODS Twenty adult healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group receiving six supervised functional training sessions of 10 min each and a control group without training. Bonded lateral biteplates disengaged occlusion among both groups throughout the 15-day experiment. Customised registration-training appliances consisted of a maxillary component with an anterior plane and a mandibular component with an attached metal sphere. Training sessions consisted of repeated mouth-opening/closing cycles (frequency: 30/min) to hit an anteriorly positioned hemispherical target notch with this metal sphere. The HMP was registered at defined times during the experiment. RESULTS The HMP in the training group showed a statistically significant anterior shift of 1.6 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.2 mm), compared with a significant posterior shift of -0.8 mm (IQR: 2.8 mm) in the control group (p < .05). Although the anterior shift among the training group showed a partial relapse 4 days after the first training block, it then advanced slightly in the 4-day interval after the second training block, which might indicate neuroplasticity of the masticatory motor system. CONCLUSIONS Motor learning by repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position might help to improve the results of functional appliance therapy among patients with mandibular retrognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hellmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolph Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Repky
- Institute of Statistics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Stuani AS, Silvano PRÁ, Arnez MFM, Mira PCDS, Gorita MC, Monteiro PM, Marsumoto MAN, Hirata MH, Menezes LMD, Stuani MBS. VEGF and FGF-2 Released In Palatal Suture after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). Braz Dent J 2021; 32:98-103. [PMID: 33914010 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have the ability to increase vascular proliferation and permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the release of two diffusible angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and FGF-2) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirty animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Control group (5 rats - intact suture) and Experimental groups (25 rats with RME) which were evaluated in different periods of treatment. Five animals were euthanized in different periods of healing at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after RME. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of angiogenic growth factors released on different periods of study. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and significance was assumed at a=0.05. RT-PCR showed that mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 were expressed in intact palatal suture tissue. mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 was upregulated in early periods (24 h) after RME (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The molecular levels of VEGF never returned to its original baseline values, and FGF-2 expression decreased up to day 5 (p<0.001) and suddenly increased at day 7, returning to its original level. RME increased VEGF secretion, but decreased FGF-2 secretion when compared to intact tissue. The results showed that these angiogenic growth factors are released and regulated in the palatal suture tissue after RME and could make an important contribution to the knowledge of overall reparative response of the suture tissue during the bone remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sasso Stuani
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Ávila Silvano
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paôla Caroline da Silva Mira
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Gorita
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Monteiro
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakame Marsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Menezes
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Program - School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lyros I, Makrygiannakis MA, Lykogeorgos T, Ferdianakis E, Tsolakis AI. Posterior Mandibular Displacement-A Systematic Review Based on Animal Studies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030823. [PMID: 33804016 PMCID: PMC8000001 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating extreme mandibular growth is challenging. The mandible is pushed backwards to address itsprotrusion. Nevertheless, conclusions after such displacement in animals have been contradictory. The aim of the present review is to present measurable alterations of the mandible and the condyle following retractionin healthy rats or rabbits. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were accessed for relevant studies up to October 2020. Eligibility was determined by the PICOS process, while the risk of bias was estimated with SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Retraction resulted in a more distal molar occlusion and the condyle rested more posteriorly. Mandibular anteroposterior bilateral growth restriction was achieved, the condylar process measured smaller and its angulation increased. The condylar neck thickened, its posterior surface flattened, the coronoid process was measured longer, and enlarged retromolar density was registered. Differences in the ramus height and the intercondylar distance were insignificant. Changes persisted for the period of study and subsequently the mandible resumed its inherited growth pattern. The timing of mandibular shaping and TMJ outcomes might depend on the properties of the applied force. Stability is of concern and well-structured, long-term studies are expected to resolve the issue and further clarify the results of posterior mandibular displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.M.); (E.F.); (A.I.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.M.); (E.F.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Theodoros Lykogeorgos
- Paediatric Dentist, “Hatzikosta” General Hospital of Messolonghi, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece;
| | - Efstratios Ferdianakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.M.); (E.F.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.M.); (E.F.); (A.I.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Gong C, Wen J, Wang H, Li H. Study of changes in rat mandibular condyle under intermittent cyclic and continuous compressive stress. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105066. [PMID: 33571732 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent and continuous compressive stress on rat mandibular condyles. DESIGN Ninety rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: non-loading control groups and 1-day intermittent cyclic loading, 3-day intermittent cyclic loading, 7-day intermittent cyclic loading, continuous loading groups. In the loading groups, compressive mechanical stresses were loaded onto the condyles. The rats were euthanized after one, two, or four weeks. Histomorphometric and immunochemical staining of the cartilage and the micro-CT scanning of subchondral bone were investigated. RESULTS Under continuous loading following the first week, cartilage thickness, numbers of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix (Type-II collagen) and proliferation decreased significantly, and there was no apparent repair response after the second and fourth weeks. The cartilage of 1-day and 3-day intermittent cyclic loading groups showed similar pathological changes but better proliferative activity compared with the continuous loading group. The 7-day intermittent loading group had significant recovery after 2 weeks, including the increase of cartilage thickness and the number of chondrocytes, cell swelling and rearranging. However, the remodeling of subchondral bone showed no significant difference between the intermittent and continuous loading stress compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Under moderate mechanical stress, the condylar cartilage actively remodeled, whereas the subchondral bone, as supportive rigid structure, was less sensitive to mechanical pressure. The intermittent compressive stress protects the condylar cartilage from excessive damage, which is different from continuous compressive stress. With longer intervals, the cartilage has the potential capability for recovery as the initial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Oral Science, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Han X, Lan T, Bi F, Qiao X, Guo W. The application of a new clear removable appliance with an occlusal splint in early anterior crossbite. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33478458 PMCID: PMC7818763 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of anterior crossbite treatment in preschool-aged children depends on the treatment design and patient compliance. Common early treatment appliances with steel wires and acrylic resin can bring about numerous problems, such as toothache, sore gums and mucous membrane injury. The aim of this study was to propose a new clear removable appliance to provide preschool-age children with an improved experience of early occlusal interference treatment. METHODS Appliances were designed with the help of 3-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction oral models and fabricated using 3D printing technology and the pressed film method. Then, the mechanical properties of the original dental coping sheet and thermoformed aligners were assessed in a simulated intraoral environment. Preschool-age participants who displayed anterior crossbite were recruited in this study. Records (photographs and impressions) were taken before the treatment (T1), during the treatment (T2) and at the end of the treatment (T3). The effects of treatment were evaluated by clinical examination and questionnaires. RESULTS Normal degrees of overbite and overjet in the primary dentition were achieved using this new appliance. Dental and soft tissue relationships were improved. Questionnaires showed that the safety evaluation, degree of comfort and convenience grades of the appliance were all relatively high. CONCLUSION This explorative study demonstrates that our new clear removable appliance is able to correct early-stage anterior crossbite in a safe, comfortable, convenient and efficient way. Thus, it is a promising method to correct a certain type of malocclusion, and its clinical use should be promoted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchen Qiao
- Chengdu Renjitiancheng Biotechnology Limited Corporation, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec. Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Xu L, Sun X, Zhu G, Mao J, Baban B, Qin X. Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK/MAPK/NF-kB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:333-344. [PMID: 33314684 PMCID: PMC7810950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SMV) could increase tooth anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, previous studies on its bone‐specific anabolic and anti‐inflammation properties were based on static in vitro and in vivo conditions. AMPK is a stress‐activated kinase that protects tissue against serious damage from overloading inflammation. Rat periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were subjected to a serial of SMV concentrations to investigate the optimization that promoted osteogenic differentiation. The PDLCs in static and/or tensile culturing conditions then received the proper concentration SMV. Related factors expression was measured by the protein array, real‐time PCR and Western blot. The 0.05UM SMV triggered osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The inhibition of AMPK activation through a pharmacological approach (Compound C) caused dramatic decrease in osteogenic/angiogenic gene expression and significant increase in inflammatory NF‐κB phosphorylation. In contrast, pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly inhibited inflammatory factors expression and activated ERK1/2, P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK activation induced by SMV delivery significantly attenuated the osteoclastogenesis and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and NF‐κB in a rodent model of OTM. The current studies suggested that SMV could intrigue intrinsic activation of AMPK in PDLCs that promote attenuate the inflammation which occurred under tensile irritation through AMPK/MAPK/NF‐kB Inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Charavet C, Van Hede D, Anania S, Maes N, Lambert F. Multilevel biological responses following piezocision to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement: A study in rats. J World Fed Orthod 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Song J, Cheng M, Qian Y, Chu F. Cone-beam CT evaluation of temporomandibular joint in permanent dentition according to Angle's classification. Oral Radiol 2019; 36:261-266. [PMID: 31385140 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and related structures according to Angle class I, II1, II2, and III. METHODS 123 Chinese patients (13-36 years old, 60 males, and 63 females) were classified in four groups according to Angle's classification: skeletal class I (31 patients), skeletal class II division 1 (30 patients), skeletal class II division 2 (30 patients), and skeletal class III (32 patients). Left and right TMJs of each subject were evaluated independently with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The position of condyle in the joint fossa was analyzed according to Pullinger. RESULTS There were significant differences between class III subjects and class I, II1, II2 in the superior joint space (p < 0.05). Compared with class II1, II2, and III subjects, the height and diameter of condyle in class I was significantly larger (p < 0.05). The width of joint fossa was significantly larger in Angle class III than in Angle class I, II1, and II2, while the depth was significantly smaller. The condyle position in class III subjects was more anteriorly displaced compared with that in class I subjects. In class II2 patients, the condyle position was mainly concentric and posterior. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in condylar morphology, joint space, joint fossa morphology, and condylar position between different Angle classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyul Song
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingjia Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yufen Qian
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Fengting Chu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Lateral cephalometric measurements of Iranians with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lips and palates. Int Orthod 2019; 17:304-311. [PMID: 31028018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since results of surgical correction of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) are controversial, and there is no study in this regard among Iranians, this study was conducted to document lateral cephalometric measurements of such cases, with respect to age, gender, and cleft side. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 45 lateral cephalographs of individuals with UCLP who had undergone surgery but not orthodontic treatment were traced and 30 skeletal, dental and soft-tissue cephalometric measurements were measured. Parameters were compared between patients with UCLP and cephalometric norms. They were also compared between males and females, two age groups (≤8 and>8 years), and sides of cleft using the Student's t-test. RESULTS Only S-N-Pog and U1-SN values were significantly different between this sample and cephalometric norms. The variables were not significantly different between males and females. However, the values of ANB, Wits appraisal, Go-Gn, Go-Pog, U1-SN, interincisal angle, distance of upper lip to Ricketts E-line, and nasopharyngeal depth were significantly different between patients≤8 and>8 years (P<0.05). The S-N-Pog angle, Wits appraisal, Go-Gn, Go-Pog, U1-SN, interincisal angle and hypopharyngeal depth were significantly different between patients with right- and left-side clefts (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Measurements of patients with repaired UCLP were similar to cephalometric norms except for two parameters.
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Nojima LI, Nojima MDCG, Cunha ACD, Guss NO, Sant'Anna EF. Mini-implant selection protocol applied to MARPE. Dental Press J Orthod 2019; 23:93-101. [PMID: 30427498 PMCID: PMC6266324 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.5.093-101.sar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is the therapy of choice to correct skeletal transverse dimension in children and adolescents, associating orthopedic and dental effects. In an attempt to prevent the undesirable dentoalveolar effects and optimize the potential of skeletal expansion in individuals in advanced stages of skeletal maturation, the miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) was proposed by Lee et al. in 2010. Objective: This paper presents a systematized protocol for selection of miniscrews indicated for MARPE, by the evaluation of cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCT). Variables related with the bone and soft tissue thicknesses at the palatal regions of interest, as well as in relation to the fixation rings of miniscrews of the palatal expander are analyzed and discussed to provide better performance in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Issamu Nojima
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | | | - Amanda Carneiro da Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Natan Oliveira Guss
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Post-graduation Program in Orthodontics (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
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Achondroplasia: Orocraniofacial Features and Orthodontic-Surgical Management Guidelines Proposal. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 29:2186-2191. [PMID: 30277952 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the authors aimed to describe orocraniofacial features and to suggest orthodontic-surgical managements in achondroplasia, based on a literature review. The authors focused on skeletal and dentoalveolar malocclusion in order to highlight the place of orthognathic surgery, based on our experience of 3 patients. Maxillary hypoplasia in achondroplasia typically results in an Angle class III malocclusion with an anterior open bite. The other orocraniofacial features include enlarged calvarium, prominent forehead and frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, elongated lower face and saddle-shaped nose due to lack of development of the nasomaxillary complex.All our patients had a typical facial appearance but each of them had their own particularities regarding medical history and severity of the dentoskeletal dysmorphosis. Two of them were successfully treated by orthognathic surgery; the other declined surgical treatment and underwent orthopedic treatment only (anchorage plates). The treatment failure of this 3rd patient raises the question of the efficiency of anchorage plates in achondroplasia. In the light of the literature and our results, the authors conclude the need for personalized management based on age, medical history, severity of the dentoskeletal dysmorphosis, functional and/or esthetic disorders, and the patient's needs and requests. In any patient, orthodontic management should be initiated at an early age, and orthognathic surgery modalities should be personalized and adapted to each situation.
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Arnez MFM, Ribeiro LSN, Barretto GD, Monteiro PM, Ervolino E, Stuani MBS. RANK/RANKL/OPG Expression in Rapid Maxillary Expansion. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:296-300. [PMID: 29297549 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteoclastogenesis signaling in midpalatal suture after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups with 15 animals each: control (C) and RME group. RME was performed by inserting a 1.5-mm-thick circular metal ring between the maxillary incisors. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7 and 10 days after RME. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate expression of Tnfsf11 (RANKL), Tnfrsf11a (RANK) and Tnfrsf11b (OPG). Data were submitted to statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). There was an upregulation of RANK and RANKL genes at 7 and 10 days and an upregulation of the OPG gene at 3 and 7 days of healing. Interestingly, an increased in expression of all genes was observed over time in both RME and C groups. The RANKL/OPG ratio showed an increased signaling favoring bone resorption on RME compared to C at 3 and 7 days. Signaling against bone resorption was observed, as well as an upregulation of OPG gene expression in RME group, compared to C group at 10 days. The results of this study concluded that the RANK, RANK-L and OPG system participates in bone remodeling after RME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Soares Nogueira Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dessotti Barretto
- Department of Histology, School of Pharmacy of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Histology, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,SP, Brazil
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Duterloo HS. Did someone push Lucy out of the tree? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:329-332. [PMID: 29501106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SCHNEIDER PP, SILVA LP, CARVALHO FJLDC, LON LFS, GANDINI JÚNIOR LG. Histological evaluation of the effects of corticotomy on induced orthodontic movement in rats. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Introduction: Alveolar corticotomy is a surgical procedure used to increase the velocity of tooth movement. Objective Identify histological evidence of the effect of corticotomy on orthodontic movement in rats. Material and method Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus Albinus) were equally divided into three groups: Control Group (CG) - no tooth movement or corticotomy; Movement Group (MG) - tooth orthodontic movement only; and Corticotomy and Movement Group (CMG) - tooth orthodontic movement surgically assisted by corticotomy. In the CMG, surgical procedures consisted in an incision in the palatal, reaching from the mesial to the distal regions of the maxillary right first molar. Tooth movement in the MG and CMG was applied with coil spring force of 40 gF from the maxillary right first molar to the maxillary right incisor. The rats were sacrificed at days 1, 3, and 7, and histological sections were performed to evaluate the counting of osteoblasts and osteoclasts throughout the areas of tension and pressure. Result Histological analysis showed that the CMG presented better cell response to bone neoformation compared with that of the other groups. Greater proliferation of osteoclasts was observed in areas of pressure on day 3, resulting in increased reabsorption, whereas greater proliferation of osteoblasts was observed in areas of tension on day 1, indicating increased bone formation. Conclusion Differences between the treated groups occurred only in the initial period of tooth movement. Therefore, the changes caused by corticotomy are not significant in orthodontic movement to justify this invasive procedure.
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Dobsak T, Heimel P, Tangl S, Schwarze UY, Schett G, Gruber R. Impaired periodontium and temporomandibular joints in tumour necrosis factor-α transgenic mice. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1226-1235. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Dobsak
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology; Vienna Austria
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Uwe Y. Schwarze
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen- Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Wu BH, Kou XX, Zhang C, Zhang YM, Cui Z, Wang XD, Liu Y, Liu DW, Zhou YH. Stretch force guides finger-like pattern of bone formation in suture. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177159. [PMID: 28472133 PMCID: PMC5417680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical tension is widely applied on the suture to modulate the growth of craniofacial bones. Deeply understanding the features of bone formation in expanding sutures could help us to improve the outcomes of clinical treatment and avoid some side effects. Although there are reports that have uncovered some biological characteristics, the regular pattern of sutural bone formation in response to expansion forces is still unknown. Our study was to investigate the shape, arrangement and orientation of new bone formation in expanding sutures and explore related clinical implications. The premaxillary sutures of rat, which histologically resembles the sutures of human beings, became wider progressively under stretch force. Micro-CT detected new bones at day 3. Morphologically, these bones were forming in a finger-like pattern, projecting from the maxillae into the expanded sutures. There were about 4 finger-like bones appearing on the selected micro-CT sections at day 3 and this number increased to about 18 at day 7. The average length of these projections increased from 0.14 mm at day 3 to 0.81 mm at day 7. The volume of these bony protuberances increased to the highest level of 0.12 mm3 at day 7. HE staining demonstrated that these finger-like bones had thick bases connecting with the maxillae and thin fronts stretching into the expanded suture. Nasal sections had a higher frequency of finger-like bones occuring than the oral sections at day 3 and day 5. Masson-stained sections showed stretched fibers embedding into maxillary margins. Osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts changed their shapes from cuboidal to spindle and covered the surfaces of finger-like bones continuously. Alizarin red S and calcein deposited in the inner and outer layers of finger-like bones respectively, which showed that longer and larger bones formed on the nasal side of expanded sutures compared with the oral side. Interestingly, these finger-like bones were almost paralleling with the direction of stretch force. Inclined force led to inclined finger-like bones formation and deflection of bilateral maxillae. Additionally, heavily compressive force caused fracture of finger-like bones in the sutures. These data together proposed the special finger-like pattern of bone formation in sutures guided by stretch force, providing important implications for maxillary expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hai Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xing Kou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ci Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Mei Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YHZ); (DWL)
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YHZ); (DWL)
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25
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Antoun JS, Mei L, Gibbs K, Farella M. Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues. Periodontol 2000 2017; 74:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zeng G, Kuang B, Xun WX, Ren GT, Wei KW. Response of mandibular condyles of juvenile and adult rats to abnormal occlusion and subsequent exemption. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:136-143. [PMID: 28414988 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adaptation capacities of the mandibular condyle in response to mechanical stimuli might be different between juveniles and adults, but has not been compared. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal molar occlusion and subsequent molar extraction could lead to different remodeling responses in the mandibular condyles of juvenile and adult rats. METHODS Abnormal molar occlusion (AMO) was established in the 5- and 16-wk old rats by moving their maxillary left and mandibular right third molars distally. AMO was removed in the molar extraction group at 4 weeks but remained in the AMO group. All rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were adopted to evaluate the remodeling of condylar subchondral bone. RESULTS Condylar subchondral bone loss and increased osteoclastic activities were observed in both juvenile and adult AMO groups, while increased osteoblastic activities were only seen in the juvenile AMO group. Decreased bone mineral density, bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, but increased trabecular separation, number and surface of osteoclasts and mRNA levels of TRAP, cathepsin-K, RANKL in the juvenile AMO group were all reversed after molar extraction (all P<0.05). However, these parameters showed no difference between adult AMO and extraction groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal molar occlusion led to degenerative remodeling in the mandibular condyles of both juvenile and adult rats, while exemption of abnormal occlusion caused significant rescue of the degenerative changes only in the juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bin Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wen-Xing Xun
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Gao-Tong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke-Wen Wei
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Shen XQ, Geng YM, Liu P, Huang XY, Li SY, Liu CD, Zhou Z, Xu PP. Magnitude-dependent response of osteoblasts regulated by compressive stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44925. [PMID: 28317941 PMCID: PMC5357902 DOI: 10.1038/srep44925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of magnitude in adaptive response of osteoblasts exposed to compressive stress. Murine primary osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to compressive stress (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/cm2) in 3D culture. Cell viability was evaluated, and expression levels of Runx2, Alp, Ocn, Rankl, and Opg were examined. ALP activity in osteoblasts and TRAP activity in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells were assayed. Results showed that compressive stress within 5.0 g/cm2 did not influence cell viability. Both osteoblastic and osteoblast-regulated osteoclastic differentiation were enhanced at 2 g/cm2. An increase in stress above 2 g/cm2 did not enhance osteoblastic differentiation further but significantly inhibited osteoblast-regualted osteoclastic differentiation. This study suggested that compressive stress regulates osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation through osteoblasts in a magnitude-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuan-ming Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-yu Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-yi Li
- Key laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-dong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ping-ping Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Niu Q, Li F, Zhang L, Xu X, Liu Y, Gao J, Feng X. Role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the response of chondrocytes to mechanical loading. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:755-62. [PMID: 26821383 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the mechanisms by which chondrocytes respond to mechanical stimulation, ATDC5 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells were induced to differentiate into chondrocytes and then exposed to mechanical loading. To specifically elucidate the role of this pathway, the localization and expression of proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were observed. Chondrogenic-differentiated ATDC5 cells were exposed to a 12% cycle tension load for 1, 2, 4, or 8 h. At each time point, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, and qPCR were used to track the localization of β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) expression. In addition, the mRNA expression of Wnt3a, disheveled homolog 1 (Dvl-1), GSK-3β, and collagen type II were also detected. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated in cells treated with Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1). β-catenin and GSK-3β protein expression increased initially and then decreased over the mechanical loading period, and the corresponding mRNA levels followed a similar trend. After application of the inhibitor DKK-1, Wnt/β‑catenin signaling was suppressed, and the mRNA expression of collagen II was also reduced. Thus, stimulation of chondrocytes with mechanical strain loading is associated with the translocation of active β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital 323 of The People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710045, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yucong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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29
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Zheng Y, Chen M, He L, Marão HF, Sun DM, Zhou J, Kim SG, Song S, Wang SL, Mao JJ. Mesenchymal dental pulp cells attenuate dentin resorption in homeostasis. J Dent Res 2015; 94:821-7. [PMID: 25762594 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515575347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin in permanent teeth rarely undergoes resorption in development, homeostasis, or aging, in contrast to bone that undergoes periodic resorption/remodeling. The authors hypothesized that cells in the mesenchymal compartment of dental pulp attenuate osteoclastogenesis. Mononucleated and adherent cells from donor-matched rat dental pulp (dental pulp cells [DPCs]) and alveolar bone (alveolar bone cells [ABCs]) were isolated and separately cocultured with primary rat splenocytes. Primary splenocytes readily aggregated and formed osteoclast-like cells in chemically defined osteoclastogenesis medium with 20 ng/mL of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and 50 ng/mL of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Strikingly, DPCs attenuated osteoclastogenesis when cocultured with primary splenocytes, whereas ABCs slightly but significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis. DPCs yielded ~20-fold lower RANKL expression but >2-fold higher osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression than donor-matched ABCs, yielding a RANKL/OPG ratio of 41:1 (ABCs:DPCs). Vitamin D3 significantly promoted RANKL expression in ABCs and OPG in DPCs. In vivo, rat maxillary incisors were atraumatically extracted (without any tooth fractures), followed by retrograde pulpectomy to remove DPCs and immediate replantation into the extraction sockets to allow repopulation of the surgically treated root canal with periodontal and alveolar bone-derived cells. After 8 wk, multiple dentin/root resorption lacunae were present in root dentin with robust RANKL and OPG expression. There were areas of dentin resoprtion alternating with areas of osteodentin formation in root dentin surface in the observed 8 wk. These findings suggest that DPCs of the mesenchymal compartment have an innate ability to attenuate osteoclastogenesis and that this innate ability may be responsible for the absence of dentin resorption in homeostasis. Mesenchymal attenuation of dentin resorption may have implications in internal resorption in the root canal, pulp/dentin regeneration, and root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - M Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H F Marão
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D M Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - J Zhou
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S G Kim
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Song
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S L Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J J Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Bone condition of the maxillary zygomatic process prior to orthodontic anchorage plate fixation. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 76:3-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lin FY, Hsiao FP, Huang CY, Shih CM, Tsao NW, Tsai CS, Yang SF, Chang NC, Hung SL, Lin YW. Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL induces osteoclastogenesis of periodontal ligament cells and enhances alveolar bone resorption in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102450. [PMID: 25058444 PMCID: PMC4109931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontal pathogen that contains a variety of virulence factors. The antibody titer to P. gingivalis GroEL, a homologue of HSP60, is significantly higher in periodontitis patients than in healthy control subjects, suggesting that P. gingivalis GroEL is a potential stimulator of periodontal disease. However, the specific role of GroEL in periodontal disease remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of P. gingivalis GroEL on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro, as well as its effect on alveolar bone resorption in rats in vivo. First, we found that stimulation of PDL cells with recombinant GroEL increased the secretion of the bone resorption-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, potentially via NF-κB activation. Furthermore, GroEL could effectively stimulate PDL cell migration, possibly through activation of integrin α1 and α2 mRNA expression as well as cytoskeletal reorganization. Additionally, GroEL may be involved in osteoclastogenesis via receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) activation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA inhibition in PDL cells. Finally, we inoculated GroEL into rat gingiva, and the results of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric assays indicated that the administration of GroEL significantly increased inflammation and bone loss. In conclusion, P. gingivalis GroEL may act as a potent virulence factor, contributing to osteoclastogenesis of PDL cells and resulting in periodontal disease with alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ling Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3D assessment of mandibular growth based on image registration: a feasibility study in a rabbit model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:276128. [PMID: 24527442 PMCID: PMC3909969 DOI: 10.1155/2014/276128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Our knowledge of mandibular growth mostly derives from cephalometric radiography, which has inherent limitations due to the two-dimensional (2D) nature of measurement. Objective. To assess 3D morphological changes occurring during growth in a rabbit mandible. Methods. Serial cone-beam computerised tomographic (CBCT) images were made of two New Zealand white rabbits, at baseline and eight weeks after surgical implantation of 1 mm diameter metallic spheres as fiducial markers. A third animal acted as an unoperated (no implant) control. CBCT images were segmented and registered in 3D (Implant Superimposition and Procrustes Method), and the remodelling pattern described used color maps. Registration accuracy was quantified by the maximal of the mean minimum distances and by the Hausdorff distance. Results. The mean error for image registration was 0.37 mm and never exceeded 1 mm. The implant-based superimposition showed most remodelling occurred at the mandibular ramus, with bone apposition posteriorly and vertical growth at the condyle. Conclusion. We propose a method to quantitatively describe bone remodelling in three dimensions, based on the use of bone implants as fiducial markers and CBCT as imaging modality. The method is feasible and represents a promising approach for experimental studies by comparing baseline growth patterns and testing the effects of growth-modification treatments.
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Willems NMBK, Langenbach GEJ, Everts V, Zentner A. The microstructural and biomechanical development of the condylar bone: a review. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:479-85. [PMID: 24375755 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone constantly strives for optimal architecture. Mandibular condyle, which is subjected to various mechanical loads forcing it to be highly adaptive, has a unique structure and a relatively high remodelling rate. Despite the eminent clinical relevance of mandibular condyle, literature on its structural and biomechanical development and on the mechanical role of its mineralized and non-mineralized bone components is scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review is to provide a brief introduction to basic bone mechanics and a synopsis of the growth and development of human mandibular condyle. Subsequently, the current ideas on the relationship between the structural and biomechanical properties of bone in general and of mandibular condyle in particular are reviewed. Finally, up-to-date knowledge from fundamental bone research will be blended with the current knowledge relevant to clinical dentistry, above all orthodontics. METHODS A comprehensive literature study was performed with an emphasis on recent and innovative work focusing on the interaction between microarchitectural and micromechanical properties of bone. CONCLUSIONS Mandibular condyle is a bone structure with a high bone turnover rate. Mechanical properties of mandibular condyle improve during adolescence and are optimal during adulthood. Local mineralization degree might not be a decisive determinant of the local bone tissue stiffness as was believed hitherto. Bone collagen and its cross links play a role in toughness and tensile strength of bone but not in its compressive properties. Clinical procedures might affect mandibular condyle, which is highly reactive to changes in its mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nop M B K Willems
- Departments of *Orthodontics and**Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, the Netherlands
| | - Geerling E J Langenbach
- **Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- **Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, the Netherlands
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Tole N, Lajnert V, Kovacevic Pavicic D, Spalj S. Gender, Age, and Psychosocial Context of the Perception of Facial Esthetics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2013; 26:119-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Tole
- School of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Vlatka Lajnert
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | | | - Stjepan Spalj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; School of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
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Alarcón JA, Bastir M, García-Espona I, Menéndez-Núñez M, Rosas A. Morphological integration of mandible and cranium: orthodontic implications. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:22-9. [PMID: 24192112 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at clarifying the morphological interactions among the cranial base, face, and mandible, to improve the assessment and treatment of skeletal malocclusions involving the mandible. DESIGN Untreated adult subjects (n=187) were grouped according to standard cephalometric criteria of vertical and sagittal relationships. Geometric morphometrics were used to test the null hypothesis that integration patterns between the mandible and its associated basicranial and upper midfacial counterparts would be similar among various vertical and sagittal facial patterns. RESULTS The null hypothesis was rejected for vertical groups, because the dolicho- and brachyfacial subjects showed significantly different integration patterns, but was accepted for sagittal groups, which showed identical covariation patterns. The morphological integration between the cranium-face and mandible were similarly high in the three skeletal classes, which explained the similarly large covariance between the two structures (57.80% in Class II to 60% in Class III). CONCLUSIONS Dolicho- and brachi-facial subjects showed specific and different cranium-face and associated mandible configurations. The cranium-face configuration may have an important influence (∼60%) on the generation of sagittal (anteroposterior) skeletal malocclusions. The remaining morphological component of the skeletal malocclusion (∼40%) would be independent of this particular integration (PLS1) between the cranium-face and mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Alarcón
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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The Hybrid Aesthetic Functional (HAF) Appliance: A Less Visible Proposal for Functional Orthodontics. Case Rep Dent 2013; 2013:298671. [PMID: 23956884 PMCID: PMC3730209 DOI: 10.1155/2013/298671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern orthodontics, aesthetics appear to have a decisive influence on orthodontic appliance preferences and acceptability. This paper reports the early application of a newly emerged functional device with enhanced aesthetics in a Class II treatment. Patient perspectives and technical considerations are discussed along with recommendations for further design development. It can be assumed that the use of thermoplastic material-based appliances may meet both the therapeutic and aesthetic demands of young age groups.
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Kamiya Y, Chen J, Xu M, Utreja A, Choi T, Drissi H, Wadhwa S. Increased mandibular condylar growth in mice with estrogen receptor beta deficiency. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28. [PMID: 23197372 PMCID: PMC3601565 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders predominantly afflict women of childbearing age, suggesting a role for female hormones in the disease process. In long bones, estrogen acting via estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) inhibits axial skeletal growth in female mice. However, the role of ERβ in the mandibular condyle is largely unknown. We hypothesize that female ERβ-deficient mice will have increased mandibular condylar growth compared to wild-type (WT) female mice. This study examined female 7-day-old, 49-day-old, and 120-day-old WT and ERβ knockout (KO) mice. There was a significant increase in mandibular condylar cartilage thickness as a result of an increased number of cells, in the 49-day-old and 120-day-old female ERβ KO compared with WT controls. Analysis in 49-day-old female ERβ KO mice revealed a significant increase in collagen type X, parathyroid hormone-related protein (Pthrp), and osteoprotegerin gene expression and a significant decrease in receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand (Rankl) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) gene expression, compared with WT controls. Subchondral bone analysis revealed a significant increase in total condylar volume and a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in the 49-day-old ERβ KO compared with WT female mice. There was no difference in cell proliferation in condylar cartilage between the genotypes. However, there were differences in the expression of proteins that regulate the cell cycle; we found a decrease in the expression of Tieg1 and p57 in the mandibular condylar cartilage from ERβ KO mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results suggest that ERβ deficiency increases condylar growth in female mice by inhibiting the turnover of fibrocartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kamiya
- Division of Orthodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Young L, Binderman I, Yaffe A, Beni L, Vardimon AD. Fiberotomy enhances orthodontic tooth movement and diminishes relapse in a rat model. Orthod Craniofac Res 2013; 16:161-8. [PMID: 23323644 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by procedures that include mucoperiosteum flap surgery and surgical scarring of cortical bone. Our aim was to test whether fiberotomy by itself will accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and diminish relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 34 Wistar rats, alveolar bone resorption and molar tooth movement were measured after fiberotomy, apical full-thickness flap without detachment of gingiva from the roots, or no surgery. Orthodontic appliance was installed at time of surgery and activated for 14 days, generating movement of the first maxillary molar buccal and then removed. RESULTS Percent of sections in which alveolar bone resorption was detected was significantly higher (p < 0.05) after fiberotomy (27%) in comparison with apical flap surgery (12%) or no surgery (6%), after 30 days. Also, at the end of active phase, the molar moved significantly faster (p < 0.01) and twice the distance after fiberotomy (0.54 ± 0.33) in comparison with apical surgery (0.26 ± 0.12) or no surgery (0.3 ± 0.09). Sixteen days after the appliance was removed, only 12% relapse was recorded in the fiberotomy group, while almost total relapse in other two groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that fiberotomy solely accelerated orthodontic tooth movement and diminished relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Young
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pangrazio MNK, Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Berger JL, Bayirli B, Movahhedian A. Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusions. Angle Orthod 2012; 82:971-7. [PMID: 22432591 DOI: 10.2319/120511-748.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valmy Pangrazio-Kulbersh
- Adjunct Professor, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Mich; private practice, Sterling Heights, Mich
| | - Jeffrey L. Berger
- Adjunct Professor, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Mich; private practice, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burcu Bayirli
- Associate Professor, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Mich
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A Dysmorphometric Analysis to Investigate Facial Phenotypic Signatures as a Foundation for Non-invasive Monitoring of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. JIMD Rep 2012; 8:31-9. [PMID: 23430517 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), including Muccopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPSI), are associated with characteristic facies. METHODS such as three-dimensional (3D) facial scanning and geometric morphometric techniques can potentially generate detailed objective descriptions of these facial phenotypes. This approach can facilitate discriminating the inherent overlap in facial phenotypes within these disease spectra, and the non-invasive monitoring of disease progression and treatment. METHODS 3D facial images of three MPS I-affected individuals and 400 reference subjects (aged 5-25 years) were obtained using a 3dMD camera (Atlanta, Georgia). Images were fitted with an anthropometric mask, comprising a set of spatially dense quasi-landmarks. A statistical face-space was constructed from the reference image set and the MPS I-affected individuals were compared to this face-space utilising an emerging methodology known as dysmorphometrics. This facilitated simultaneous identification of harmonic and discordant facial regions. A relative significant discordance (RSD) score quantified proportional facial discordance for a given individual, whilst a root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) score measured the degree of facial discordance providing a severity measure. RESULTS A consistent facial pattern, with differential severities, primarily affecting the frontal, nasal, infraorbital and cheek regions, was detected in all three individuals. As expected, there was greater discordance (RMSE, RSD) with clinically severe MPS I when compared to attenuated disease. CONCLUSIONS Objective detection and localisation of MPS I facial characteristics was achieved, and severity scores were attributed. This spatially dense dysmorphometric facial phenotyping technique has the potential to be used for non-invasive treatment monitoring and as a discriminatory tool.
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Strontium promotes cell proliferation and suppresses IL-6 expression in human PDL cells. Ann Anat 2012; 194:208-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Koul R. Orthodontic Implications of Growth and Differently Enabled Mandibular Movements for the Temporomandibular Joint. Semin Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bastos LVW, Tesch RDS, Denardin OVP. Cephalometric deviations present in children and adolescents with temporomandibular joint disorders. Dental Press J Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512012000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chen J, Sobue T, Utreja A, Kalajzic Z, Xu M, Kilts T, Young M, Wadhwa S. Sex differences in chondrocyte maturation in the mandibular condyle from a decreased occlusal loading model. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:123-9. [PMID: 21597908 PMCID: PMC3298998 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) predominantly afflict women of childbearing age. Defects in mechanical loading-induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) remodeling are believed to be a major etiological factor in the development of TMD. The goal of this study was to determine if there are sex differences in CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice exposed to a decreased occlusal loading TMJ remodeling model. Male and female CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice, 21 days old, were each divided into two groups. They were fed either a normal pellet diet (normal loading) or a soft diet and had their incisors trimmed out of occlusion (decreased occlusal loading) for 4 weeks. The mandibular condylar cartilage was evaluated by histology, and the subchondral bone was evaluated by micro-CT analysis. Gene expression from both was evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. In both strains and sexes of mice, decreased occlusal loading caused similar effects in the subchondral bone, decreases in bone volume and total volume compared with their normal loading controls. However, in both strains, decreased occlusal loading caused a significant decrease in the expression of collagen type II (Col2) and Sox9 only in female mice, but not in male mice, compared with their normal loading controls. Decreased occlusal loading causes decreased bone volume in both sexes and a decrease in early chondrocyte maturation exclusively in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT06030-1725, USA
| | - T. Sobue
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT06030-1725, USA
| | - A. Utreja
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT06030-1725, USA
| | - Z. Kalajzic
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT06030-1725, USA
| | - M. Xu
- New England Musculoskeletal Institute, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - T. Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M. Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S. Wadhwa
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT06030-1725, USA
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Farias-Neto A, Martins APVB, Figueroba SR, Groppo FC, Almeida SMD, Rizzatti-Barbosa CM. Altered mandibular growth under functional posterior displacement in rats. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:3-7. [PMID: 21787198 DOI: 10.2319/040411-241.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in mandibular growth between growing rats with posterior functional mandibular displacement and growing rats without functional mandibular displacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty female Wistar rats (5 weeks old) were randomized into two groups: (1) control and (2) mandible posterior displacement in the occluded condition induced by an occlusal guiding appliance. After 8 weeks all animals were sacrificed, cone beam computed tomography scan images of the heads were taken using the classic I-CAT, and acrylic rapid-prototyped templates of the mandibles were constructed. Mandibular length, ramus height, and intercondylar distance were measured. Mandibular length and ramus height were submitted to the two-way analysis of variance, while intercondylar distance was analyzed by nonpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS Mandibular length was bigger (P < .0001) in the control than in the experimental group, but no significant difference was found between the left and right sides (P = .9380). No significant differences were observed for ramus height and intercondylar distance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that functional posterior displacement of the mandible in growing rats resulted in shorter mandibular length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcelino Farias-Neto
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Diercke K, Sen S, Kohl A, Lux C, Erber R. Compression-dependent Up-regulation of Ephrin-A2 in PDL Fibroblasts Attenuates Osteogenesis. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1108-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511413926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the ephrin/Eph family have recently been shown to be involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis in a murine model. The activation of the EphB4 receptor on osteoblasts by its ligand ephrin-B2 led to stimulation of osteoblastogenesis and therefore to bone formation. The activation of ephrin-A2-EphA2 signaling on osteoblasts inhibited the activation of osteoblast-specific gene expression, leading to bone resorption. Fibroblasts within the periodontal ligament periodontal ligament may be one of the first responders to orthodontic forces. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) are mechanoresponsive. Members of the ephrin/Eph family might link mechanical forces received by PDLF with the regulation of osteoblastogenesis on osteoblasts of the alveolar bone. To study whether ephrin-A2 is modulated upon compression, we subjected human primary PDLF to static compressive forces (30.3 g/cm2). Static compressive forces significantly induced the expression of ephrin-A2, while the expression of ephrin-B2 was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, osteoblasts of the alveolar bone stimulated with ephrin-A2 in vitro significantly suppressed their osteoblastogenic gene expression (RUNX2, ALPL) and decreased signs of osteoblastic differentiation, as demonstrated by a significantly reduced ALP activity. Together, these findings establish a role for this ligand/receptor system linking mechanical forces with the regulation of osteogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Diercke
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Sen
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Kohl
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C.J. Lux
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Erber
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Chen J, Utreja A, Kalajzic Z, Sobue T, Rowe D, Wadhwa S. Isolation and characterization of murine mandibular condylar cartilage cell populations. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:232-43. [PMID: 21646777 DOI: 10.1159/000325148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mandibular condylar cartilage is a heterogeneous tissue containing cells at various stages of chondrocyte maturation organized into 4 zones: superficial, polymorphic, flattened, and hypertrophic. The goal of this study was to use transgenic mice containing chondrocyte maturation markers fused to fluorescent protein transgenes to isolate and characterize homogenous cell populations of the mandibular condylar cartilage. METHODS Fluorescent reporter expression in the mandibular condylar cartilage of transgenic mice containing the 3.6-kb fragment of the rat collagen type 1 promoter fused to a topaz-fluorescent protein (Col3.6-tpz), collagen type 2 promoter fused to a cyan-fluorescent protein (Col2-cyan), and/or collagen type 10 promoter fused to cherry-fluorescent protein (Col10-cherry) was examined. Mandibular condylar cartilage cells were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and either used for gene expression analysis or plated in cell cultures and exposed to adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic conditions. To determine cell fate, transgenic mice containing the Col3.6-cre recombinase were bred with cre reporter mice. RESULTS Localization and analysis of gene expression revealed that Col3.6-tpz-positive cells corresponded to the polymorphic/flattened zones and Col2-cyan-positive cells corresponded to the flattened/hypertrophic zones of the mandibular condylar cartilage. Mandibular condylar cartilage FACS-sorted Col3.6-tpz-positive cells have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Cell fate mapping revealed that Col3.6 cells are precursors of some of the hypertrophic chondrocytes in the mandibular condylar cartilage. CONCLUSION Col3.6-tpz cells represent an earlier stage of the mandibular condylar cartilage maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Barnouti ZP, Owtad P, Shen G, Petocz P, Darendeliler MA. The biological mechanisms of PCNA and BMP in TMJ adaptive remodeling. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:91-99. [DOI: 10.2319/091609-522.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Hillson S, Parfitt S, Bello S, Roberts M, Stringer C. Two hominin incisor teeth from the middle Pleistocene site of Boxgrove, Sussex, England. J Hum Evol 2010; 59:493-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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