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Vermander P, Mancisidor A, Cabanes I, Perez N. Intelligent systems for sitting posture monitoring and anomaly detection: an overview. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38378596 PMCID: PMC10880321 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of people who need to use wheelchair for proper mobility is increasing. The integration of technology into these devices enables the simultaneous and objective assessment of posture, while also facilitating the concurrent monitoring of the functional status of wheelchair users. In this way, both the health personnel and the user can be provided with relevant information for the recovery process. This information can be used to carry out an early adaptation of the rehabilitation of patients, thus allowing to prevent further musculoskeletal problems, as well as risk situations such as ulcers or falls. Thus, a higher quality of life is promoted in affected individuals. As a result, this paper presents an orderly and organized analysis of the existing postural diagnosis systems for detecting sitting anomalies in the literature. This analysis can be divided into two parts that compose such postural diagnosis: on the one hand, the monitoring devices necessary for the collection of postural data and, on the other hand, the techniques used for anomaly detection. These anomaly detection techniques will be explained under two different approaches: the traditional generalized approach followed to date by most works, where anomalies are treated as incorrect postures, and a new individualized approach treating anomalies as changes with respect to the normal sitting pattern. In this way, the advantages, limitations and opportunities of the different techniques are analyzed. The main contribution of this overview paper is to synthesize and organize information, identify trends, and provide a comprehensive understanding of sitting posture diagnosis systems, offering researchers an accessible resource for navigating the current state of knowledge of this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vermander
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitziber Mancisidor
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Itziar Cabanes
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nerea Perez
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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Chen PT, Lee SC, Wu TY, Lee ML, Hsieh CL. Test-Retest Reliability and Responsiveness of the Computerized Adaptive Testing System of the Functional Assessment of Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:1676-1682. [PMID: 37419234 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the test-retest reliability, responsiveness, and clinical utility of the Computerized Adaptive Testing System of the Functional Assessment of Stroke (CAT-FAS) in persons with stroke. DESIGN Repeated measurements design. SETTING A department of rehabilitation in a medical center. PARTICIPANTS 30 persons with chronic stroke (for test-retest reliability) and 65 persons with subacute stroke (for responsiveness) were recruited. To examine the test-retest reliability, the participants received measurements twice at 1-month intervals. To examine the responsiveness, the data were collected at admission and discharge from hospital. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT TOOL CAT-FAS. RESULTS The intra-class correlation coefficients of the CAT-FAS were ≥0.82, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. The Kazis' effect size and standardized response mean of the CAT-FAS were ≥0.96, indicating good group-level responsiveness. For individual-level responsiveness, approximately two-thirds of the participants exceeded the conditional minimal detectable change. On average, the CAT-FAS was completed within 9 items and 3 minutes per administration. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the CAT-FAS is an efficient measurement tool with good to excellent test-retest reliability and responsiveness. In addition, the CAT-FAS can be used routinely in clinical settings to monitor progress of the crucial 4 domains for persons with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Chen
- Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chie Lee
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Long-Term Care, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Aloraini SM, Abu Mismar AA, Aloqaily HF, Aldaihan MM. Balance assessment tools and their psychometric properties among individuals post-stroke: a systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2023.2168850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M. Aloraini
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A. Abu Mismar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa F. Aloqaily
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mishal M. Aldaihan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Sasa N, Matsumoto S, Kamata G, Hoei T, Aoyagi Y. Development of a Functional Bridge Test for Screening Impairments and Disabilities in Hemiplegic Patients with Acute Stroke while on the Bed. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220059. [PMID: 36448046 PMCID: PMC9668753 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a safe and appropriate out-of-bed program for stroke patients, screening for stroke-related functional impairments and disabilities should be performed in advance. However, few tools are available for clinical assessment of out-of-bed mobility while patients are still on bed. We sought to establish the validity and reliability of a newly developed Functional Bridge Test (FBT) for hemiplegic patients with acute stroke. METHODS This repeated-measures, observational study was conducted at a stroke care unit at an acute hospital. We assessed the validity of the FBT score, intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the FBT, and concurrent validity of the FBT in stroke patients with hemiplegia. In addition to the original qualitative assessment, the FBT was also assessed quantitatively to evaluate the validity of the FBT score. Outcome measures included stroke severity, lower limb muscle strength, and basic mobility. RESULTS We enrolled 32 patients with acute stroke. The newly developed FBT score had high validity. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities (weighted kappa coefficient, 95% confidence interval) showed almost perfect agreement (0.95, 0.88-1.00; 0.98, 0.94-1.00, respectively). The FBT score was significantly associated with stroke severity, physical function, and basic mobility. CONCLUSIONS The FBT has sufficient validity and reliability for acute stroke patients with hemiplegia. The advantages of the FBT in a clinical setting are based on its ability to be quickly administered on a bed without the need for specialized equipment. The FBT may help in screening functional impairment and disability in hemiplegic patients with acute stroke before they resume out-of-bed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sasa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsumoto
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Go Kamata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Aoyagi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang CY, Chen YC, Wang CH. Postural Maintenance Is Associated With Walking Ability in People Receiving Acute Rehabilitation After a Stroke. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6497837. [PMID: 35079798 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) assesses the ability of people post stroke to maintain or change a given posture from lying to standing, and the items on which people with different walking status perform differently may suggest potential interventions. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the association of PASS scores at admission for acute rehabilitation with walking status at admission and 3 months post stroke (3 M), and (2) identify PASS items that discriminate walking status. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 93 people post stroke were assessed with the PASS and a 2.44-m gait speed test at admission, with walking status assessed by telephone interview at 3 M. Those who could walk over a 2.44-m distance without the assistance of a walking aid or another person were considered to be independent in walking; others were considered to be dependent. Those who were dependent at admission were divided into the "regained independence" and "remained dependent" groups based on their status at 3 M. The association of the PASS at admission with 3 levels of walking status (independent at admission, regained independence, and remained dependent) was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. For those dependent at admission, the association of PASS score at admission with walking status at 3 M was examined using logistic regression and receiver operating curve analysis. RESULTS PASS scores at admission differed significantly across the 3 walking status groups and were significantly associated with walking status at 3 M (odds ratio = 0.864; 95% CI = 0.798-0.935) over and above length of stay. People post stroke who were dependent at admission and had PASS scores ≥22 were more likely to regain independence at 3 M. Nine PASS items differed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS PASS score is significantly associated with walking status at admission and at 3 M. The identified 9 items suggest possible interventions for acute rehabilitation. IMPACT This study identified 9 PASS items that could guide clinicians in selecting interventions for acute rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hou Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin GH, Li CY, Sheu CF, Huang CY, Lee SC, Huang YH, Hsieh CL. Using Machine Learning to develop a short-form measure assessing 5 functions in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:1574-1581. [PMID: 34979129 PMCID: PMC9378042 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning based short measure (the ML-5F) to assess 5 functions (activities of daily living (ADL), balance, upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE) motor function, and mobility) in patients with stroke. DESIGN Secondary data from a previous study. A follow-up study assessed patients with stroke using the Barthel Index (BI), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), and Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) at hospital admission and discharge. SETTING A rehabilitation unit in a medical center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 307 patients. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The BI, PASS, and STREAM. RESULTS A machine learning algorithm, Extreme Gradient Boosting, was used to select 15 items from the BI, PASS, and STREAM, and transformed the raw scores of the selected items into the scores of the ML-5F. The ML-5F demonstrated good concurrent validity (Pearson's r = 0.88-0.98) and responsiveness (standardized response mean = 0.28-1.01). CONCLUSIONS The ML-5F comprises only 15 items but demonstrates sufficient concurrent validity and responsiveness to assess ADL, balance, UE and LE functions, and mobility in patients with stroke. The ML-5F shows great potential as an efficient outcome measure in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Hong Lin
- Master Program in Long-term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ching-Fan Sheu
- Institute of Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lee
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Miller KK, Lin SH, Neville M. From Hospital to Home to Participation: A Position Paper on Transition Planning Poststroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 100:1162-1175. [PMID: 30465739 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on a review of the evidence, members of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Stroke Group's Movement Interventions Task Force offer these 5 recommendations to help improve transitions of care for patients and their caregivers: (1) improving communication processes; (2) using transition specialists; (3) implementing a patient-centered discharge checklist; (4) using standardized outcome measures; and (5) establishing partnerships with community wellness programs. Because of changes in health care policy, there are incentives to improve transitions during stroke rehabilitation. Although transition management programs often include multidisciplinary teams, medication management, caregiver education, and follow-up care management, there is a lack of a comprehensive and standardized approach to implement transition management protocols during poststroke rehabilitation. This article uses the Transitions of Care (TOC) model to conceptualize how to facilitate a comprehensive patient-centered hand off at discharge to maximize patient functioning and health. Specifically, this article reviews current guidelines and provides an evidence summary of several commonly cited approaches (Early Supported Discharge, planned predischarge home visits, discharge checklists) to manage TOC, followed by a description of documented barriers to effective transitions. Patient-centered and standardized transition management may improve community integration, activities of daily living performance, and quality of life for stroke survivors while also decreasing hospital readmission rates during the transition from hospital to home to community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine K Miller
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
| | - Susan H Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Marsha Neville
- School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX
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Park HK, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee WH. Land-based and aquatic trunk exercise program improve trunk control, balance and activities of daily living ability in stroke: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 55:687-694. [PMID: 30370752 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many land-based or aquatic exercise programs for improving trunk control, balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients. However, no study has reported the effects of an exercise program that combines land-based and aquatic trunk exercises in stroke patients. AIM To investigate the effects of a land-based and aquatic trunk exercise (LATE) program on trunk control, balance, and activities of daily living in chronic stroke patients. DESIGN This study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING Inpatient rehabilitation ward, Goyang, Republic of Korea. POPULATION Twenty-nine patients participated in this study. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to the LATE group (N.=14) and control group (N.=15). The LATE program consisted of land-based and aquatic trunk exercises, performed for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks as an adjunct to 30 minutes of conventional physical therapy. The control group underwent only conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes each time, twice per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. The participants were tested before and after the intervention using the Korean Trunk Impairment Scale (K-TIS) and the 5-item, 3-level Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS-3L) to assess trunk control; the 7-item, 3-level Berg Balance Scale (BBS-3L) and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) to evaluate balance; and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to assess activities of daily living. RESULTS The LATE group exhibited improvements in K-TIS, PASS-3L, BBS-3L, and MBI scores and FRT distance compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the LATE program can help improve trunk control, balance, and activities of daily living in chronic stroke patients and may be used as a practical adjunct to conventional physical therapy. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The LATE program can improve postural control in stroke patients and improve independence in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kang Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Jae Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University College of Health Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea -
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Park CS. The test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of the short-form Barthel Index (5 items) and its associations with chronic stroke-specific impairments. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:835-839. [PMID: 29950775 PMCID: PMC6016316 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To establish the test-retest reliabilities, minimal detectable change of the
Short form Barthel Index and associations with stroke-specific impairments. [Subjects and
Methods] The Short form-Barthel Index assessment was tested on 24 chronic stroke patients
twice, 7 days apart. A relative reliability index (ICC2,1), Weighted Kappa
Coefficients was used to examine the level of agreement of test-retest reliability for
SF-BI, Absolute reliability indices, including the standard error of measurement and the
minimal detectable change. The validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of SF
BI-total score with Postural Assessment Scale for Storke, Fugl Meyer Assessment. [Results]
There was excellent agreement between test-retest for individual items of BI and total
score ICC2,1=0.91 and it all showed acceptable SEM and MDC were 2.83 score,
7.84 score respectively. The item-to-total correlations were all significant, ranging from
r=0.83–0.92. SF-BI showed good internal consistency. Individual items also possessed high
internal consistency 0.82–0.86. The SF-BI and total score were demonstrated high
concurrent validity with the PASS, FMA. [Conclusion] This study has demonstrated that the
SF-BI is a useful instrument with high test-retest reliability, Absolute reliability
indices, internal consistency and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sik Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Howon University: 64 Howondae 3gil, Impimyeon, Gunsan-si 573-932, Republic of Korea
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Group- and Individual-Level Responsiveness of the 3-Point Berg Balance Scale and 3-Point Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 99:529-533. [PMID: 28899824 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.08.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine both group- and individual-level responsiveness of the 3-point Berg Balance Scale (BBS-3P) and 3-point Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS-3P) in patients with stroke, and to compare the responsiveness of both 3-point measures versus their original measures (Berg Balance Scale [BBS] and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients [PASS]) and their short forms (short-form Berg Balance Scale [SFBBS] and short-form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients [SFPASS]) and between the BBS-3P and PASS-3P. DESIGN Data were retrieved from a previous study wherein 212 patients were assessed at 14 and 30 days after stroke with the BBS and PASS. SETTING Medical center. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=212) with first onset of stroke within 14 days before hospitalization. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Group-level responsiveness was examined by the standardized response mean (SRM), and individual-level responsiveness was examined by the proportion of patients whose change scores exceeded the minimal detectable change of each measure. The responsiveness was compared using the bootstrap approach. RESULTS The BBS-3P and PASS-3P had good group-level (SRM, .60 and SRM, .56, respectively) and individual-level (48.1% and 44.8% of the patients with significant improvement, respectively) responsiveness. Bootstrap analyses showed that the BBS-3P generally had superior responsiveness to the BBS and SFBBS, and the PASS-3P had similar responsiveness to the PASS and SFPASS. The BBS-3P and PASS-3P were equally responsive to both group and individual change. CONCLUSIONS The responsiveness of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P was comparable or superior to those of the original and short-form measures. We recommend the BBS-3P and PASS-3P as responsive outcome measures of balance for individuals with stroke.
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Use of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients in Determining Acute Care Discharge Recommendations. JOURNAL OF ACUTE CARE PHYSICAL THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/jat.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Breistein K, Gjelsvik BEB, Jørgensen L. The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients: translation into Norwegian, cultural adaptation, and examination of reliability. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1334817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Breistein
- Department of Physiotherapy, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic Services, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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An S, Lee Y, Lee D, Cho KH, Lee G, Park DS. Discriminative and predictive validity of the short-form activities-specific balance confidence scale for predicting fall of stroke survivors. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:716-721. [PMID: 28533616 PMCID: PMC5430279 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The present study aimed to investigate the discriminative validity of the
short-form activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC scale) in predicting falls,
and its validity. [Subjects and Methods] 43 stroke survivors were identified as a group
with a history of multiple falls (faller group) and a group without or with a history of
one falls (non-faller group). The balance confidence was examined using the ABC scale and
the short-form ABC scale. Functional abilities were examined with Fugl-Meyer assessment,
sit-to-stand test, and Berg balance scale. [Results] The area under the curve of the ABC
scale and the short-form ABC scale in predicting fall was>0.77. This result indicates
that both examination tools have discriminative validity in predicting falls. Although
both tools showed an identical predictable specificity of 72% in the non-faller and faller
groups, the short-form ABC scale exhibited a predictable sensitivity of 86% in the faller
group, which is higher than that of the ABC scale (71%). [Conclusion] Results of this
study showed that the short-form ABC scale is an efficient clinical tool to evaluate and
predict the balance confidence of stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHeon An
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Rehabilitation Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunbok Lee
- Department of Nurse, Dongseo University, Republic of Korea
| | - DongGeon Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Uiduk University, Republic of Korea
| | - GyuChang Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Yu WH, Chen KL, Huang SL, Lu WS, Lee SC, Hsieh CL. Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of the Hierarchical Balance Short Forms in Patients With Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:2137-2145.e2. [PMID: 27465751 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of a quick balance measure, the Hierarchical Balance Short Forms (HBSF), in outpatients with stroke receiving rehabilitation. DESIGN A repeated-assessments design (1wk apart) was used to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the HBSF. The HBSF was administered by a single rater in the intrarater reliability study and by 2 raters in the interrater reliability study. The raters had sufficient working experience in stroke rehabilitation. SETTING Seven teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Two independent groups of outpatients (N=106; each group, n=53) with stroke in chronic stages and in stable medical condition were recruited. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HBSF. RESULTS For the intrarater reliability study, the values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and percentage of minimal detectable change (MDC%) were .95, 1.02, and 16.3%, respectively, for the HBSF. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the HBSF ranged from -.69 to 1.19. For the interrater reliability study, the values of the ICC, MDC, and MDC% were .91, 1.22, and 18.3%, respectively, for the HBSF. The 95% LOA of the HBSF ranged from -1.01 to 1.35. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HBSF has satisfactory intrarater and interrater reliability for assessing balance function in outpatients with stroke. The MDC values of the HBSF are useful for both researchers and clinicians to determine whether the change in balance function of an individual patient is real when administered by an individual rater or by different raters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hui Yu
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Ling Huang
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shian Lu
- School of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lee
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Taipei City Hospital Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Comparison of the Responsiveness of the Long-Form and Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement: Group- and Individual-Level Analysis. Phys Ther 2015; 95:1172-83. [PMID: 25744276 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group-level responsiveness of the original, 30-item Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement measure (STREAM-30) is similar to that of the simplified STREAM (STREAM-15), even though the STREAM-30 has twice as many items as those of the STREAM-15. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the responsiveness of the STREAM-30 and STREAM-15 at both group and individual levels in patients with stroke. For the latter level, the Rasch-calibrated 27-item STREAM (STREAM-27) was used because the individual-level indexes of the STREAM-30 could not be estimated. DESIGN A repeated-measurements design was used. In total, 195 patients were assessed with the STREAM-30 at both admission and discharge. METHODS The Rasch scores of the STREAM-27 and STREAM-15 were estimated from the participants' responses on the STREAM-30. We calculated the paired t-test value, effect size, and standardized response mean as the indexes of group-level responsiveness. The significance of change for each participant was estimated as the individual-level responsiveness index, and the paired t test and test of marginal homogeneity were used for individual-level comparisons between the STREAM-27 and STREAM-15. RESULTS At the group level, the STREAM-30, STREAM-27, and STREAM-15 showed sufficient and comparable responsiveness. At the individual level, the STREAM-27 detected significantly more participants with significant improvement and fewer participants with no change or deterioration compared with the STREAM-15. LIMITATIONS Few patients with subacute stroke showed deterioration at discharge, so the abilities of the 2 measures to detect deterioration remain inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS The STREAM-27 detected more participants with significant recovery compared with the STREAM-15, although the group-level responsiveness of the 2 measures was the same. The STREAM-27 is recommended as an outcome measure to demonstrate the treatment effects of movement and mobility for patients with stroke.
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Chen KL, Chou YT, Yu WH, Chen CT, Shih CL, Hsieh CL. A prospective study of the responsiveness of the original and the short form Berg Balance Scale in people with stroke. Clin Rehabil 2014; 29:468-76. [PMID: 25239085 DOI: 10.1177/0269215514549032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to examine the responsiveness of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and that of its short form (SFBBS) at both the individual person level and the group level. DESIGN A repeated-measurements design. SETTING Hospital and home setting. PARTICIPANTS Patients with stroke. RESULTS Totals of 226, 202, and 168 patients with stroke were assessed with the BBS at 14, 30, and 90 days after stroke, respectively. The SFBBS data were extracted from the patients' responses on the BBS. At the group level, the BBS and the SFBBS had sufficient and similar responsiveness. For the Rasch scores, the effect sizes of the three change scores for the BBS and the SFBBS, respectively, had similar ranges between 0.38 and 0.88 and between 0.39 and 0.85, respectively. The standardized response means of the three change scores for the BBS and the SFBBS ranged from 0.74 to 1.33 and from 0.72 to 1.13, respectively. At the individual person level, the BBS detected significant balance improvement in about twice as many patients as the SFBBS detected. CONCLUSION The responsiveness of the BBS at the individual person level was better than that of the SFBBS in patients with stroke. The BBS is recommended as an outcome measure to better detect changes in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chen
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yei-Tai Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan Research Center for Psychological and Educational Testing, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hui Yu
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Te Chen
- Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Shih
- Center for Teacher Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sibley KM, Beauchamp MK, Van Ooteghem K, Straus SE, Jaglal SB. Using the systems framework for postural control to analyze the components of balance evaluated in standardized balance measures: a scoping review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 96:122-132.e29. [PMID: 25073007 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify components of postural control included in standardized balance measures for adult populations. DATA SOURCES Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases using keyword combinations of postural balance/equilibrium, psychometrics/reproducibility of results/predictive value of tests/validation studies, instrument construction/instrument validation, geriatric assessment/disability evaluation, gray literature, and hand searches. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were measures with a stated objective to assess balance, adult populations (18y and older), at least 1 psychometric evaluation, 1 standing task, a standardized protocol and evaluation criteria, and published in English. Two reviewers independently identified studies for inclusion. Sixty-six measures were included. DATA EXTRACTION A research assistant extracted descriptive characteristics and 2 reviewers independently coded components of balance in each measure using the Systems Framework for Postural Control, a widely recognized model of balance. DATA SYNTHESIS Components of balance evaluated in these measures were underlying motor systems (100% of measures), anticipatory postural control (71%), dynamic stability (67%), static stability (64%), sensory integration (48%), functional stability limits (27%), reactive postural control (23%), cognitive influences (17%), and verticality (8%). Thirty-four measures evaluated 3 or fewer components of balance, and 1 measure-the Balance Evaluation Systems Test-evaluated all components of balance. CONCLUSIONS Several standardized balance measures provide only partial information on postural control and omit important components of balance related to avoiding falls. As such, the choice of measure(s) may limit the overall interpretation of an individual's balance ability. Continued work is necessary to increase the implementation of comprehensive balance assessment in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Sibley
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Outpatient Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen Van Ooteghem
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li-Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan B Jaglal
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Individual-level responsiveness of the original and short-form postural assessment scale for stroke patients. Phys Ther 2013; 93:1377-82. [PMID: 23723386 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20130042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group-level responsiveness of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) is similar to that of the short-form PASS (SFPASS). This result is counterintuitive because the PASS has more items (12) and response levels (4) than does the SFPASS (5 items and 3 response levels). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare individual-level responsiveness between both measures to determine whether the SFPASS can detect change with as much sensitivity as the PASS. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Two hundred fifty-one patients were assessed using the PASS at 14 and 30 days after stroke onset in a medical center. METHODS The SFPASS scores were calculated from the patients' responses on the PASS. Individual-level responsiveness was calculated on the basis of the value of minimal detectable change (MDC). If a patient's change score was greater than the MDC of the PASS or SFPASS, his or her improvement was considered significant. The difference in the number of patients scoring greater than the MDC and the units of MDC (the MDC ratio) improved by the patients on both measures was examined. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of the patients scored greater than the MDC of the PASS, whereas 43.0% of the patients scored greater than the MDC of the SFPASS. The difference was significant. The mean (±SD) MDC ratio of the PASS (1.8±1.7) was significantly higher than that of the SFPASS (1.2±1.3). LIMITATIONS The scores of the SFPASS were retrieved from those of the PASS, which limits the generalization of our findings. CONCLUSIONS The PASS has better individual-level responsiveness than does the SFPASS. To comprehensively report effects of clinical trials, future studies using the PASS should report the individual-level effect (eg, number of patients scoring greater than the MDC).
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Olaleye OA, Hamzat TK, Owolabi MO. Development and evaluation of the Primary Healthcare-based Physiotherapy Intervention and its effects on selected indices of stroke recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2013. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2013.20.9.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola A Olaleye
- Department of Physiotherapy, College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Talhatu K Hamzat
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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20
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Responsiveness and predictive validity of the hierarchical balance short forms in people with stroke. Phys Ther 2013; 93:798-808. [PMID: 23392186 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20120259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of knowledge about the responsiveness and predictive validity of a set of Hierarchical Balance Short Forms (the HBSF) in people with stroke limits the utility of the HBSF in both clinical and research settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the responsiveness and predictive validity of the HBSF in people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. DESIGN A prospective cohort study was conducted. METHODS Sixty-six participants completed both the 6-item HBSF and the 12-item Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) after admission to the rehabilitation ward and before hospital discharge. The standardized effect size (ES) and the standardized response mean (SRM) were used to investigate the internal responsiveness of the HBSF and the PASS. Changes in the Barthel Index and the mobility subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement were used as the external criteria for examining external responsiveness. Moreover, the admission scores on the HBSF and the PASS and the discharge scores on the Barthel Index and mobility subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement were analyzed to investigate the predictive validity of the 2 balance measures. RESULTS The internal responsiveness of the HBSF was high (ES>0.9, SRM>1.6). The SRM of the HBSF was significantly larger than that of the PASS, whereas the ES of the HBSF was not significantly larger than that of the PASS. The external responsiveness and predictive validity of the HBSF were sufficient and similar to those of the PASS (external responsiveness: r≥.35; predictive validity: r≥.67). LIMITATIONS The convenience sampling of people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke may limit the generalization of the results. CONCLUSIONS The HBSF has sufficient responsiveness and predictive validity in people receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke and is thus recommended for both clinicians and researchers.
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Olaleye OA, Hamzat TK, Owolabi MO. Stroke rehabilitation: should physiotherapy intervention be provided at a primary health care centre or the patients' place of domicile? Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:49-54. [PMID: 23594059 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.777804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized controlled trial compared the outcomes of physiotherapy intervention on selected indices of recovery for stroke survivors treated at a primary health centre group (PHCG) with those treated in their respective places of domicile group (DG). METHODS Participants were 52 individuals comprising 24 males and 28 females who had suffered a stroke and were recently discharged from two inpatient health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. They were randomly assigned into either the PHCG (n = 25) or DG (n = 27) and treated twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks using a physiotherapy intervention protocol comprising a battery of task-specific exercises. The outcomes measured were motor function, balance and handicap assessed using the modified motor assessment scale (MMAS), short-form postural assessment scale for stroke (SF-PASS) and reintegration to normal living index (RNLI), respectively, as well as walking speed which was assessed using a standard technique. RESULTS Between-group comparison using the General Linear Model revealed no statistically significant difference in both the pre- and post-intervention scores of the two groups on the MMAS, SF-PASS, RNLI and walking speed in both PHCG and DG (p > 0.05). However, within-group comparison yielded a statistically significant difference in each of the indices of stroke recovery measured across the 10-week period in both groups. CONCLUSION Physiotherapy intervention at the primary health care centre and respective homes of stroke survivors similarly improved clinical outcomes. Treatment at any of these locations may enhance access to physiotherapy after stroke in a low-income community like Nigeria. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Physiotherapy protocol comprising 10-week task-specific battery of exercises produced significant improvement in walking speed, balance, motor function and community reintegration of stroke survivors. Physiotherapy post-stroke can be provided at either a primary health centre or the domicile of the individual. In a low-income country like Nigeria, this will enhance access to this important service.
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Scrivener K, Sherrington C, Schurr K. A systematic review of the responsiveness of lower limb physical performance measures in inpatient care after stroke. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23305322 PMCID: PMC3551684 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Responsiveness refers to a measurement tool’s ability to detect change in performance over time. The aim of the review was to summarise studies of responsiveness of lower limb physical performance measures during inpatient care after stroke. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted. Prospective studies that included participants with a diagnosis of stroke, were commenced in the acute or subacute phase of inpatient care and included a measure of a lower limb physical performance were included in this review. Results Twenty-one studies met these inclusion criteria. A variety of measures were investigated including the Berg Balance Scale, various timed walking tests and the Rivermead Mobility Index. Ten of the included studies had small sample sizes (50 participants or less), 2 studies used a convenience sample rather than consecutive recruitment and 5 studies excluded potential participants with poor physical abilities at baseline. Responsiveness varied between and within studies but was generally large, Effect Size (ES) or Standardised Response Mean (SRM) > 0.8. Measures displaying large responsiveness included the twelve-minute walk test (SRM 1.90) and the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (SRM 1.31) when re-measured at four weeks after stroke, and the Berg Balance Scale (ES 1.11) and Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (ES 1.12) when re-measured at approximately six months after stroke. Conclusion Studies conducted to date have generally found physical performance measures after stroke to have large responsiveness i.e., to be able to detect changes. Further investigation of the responsiveness of measurement tools after stroke in larger prospective cohort studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Scrivener
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, 70 Eldridge Rd, Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia.
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Persson CU, Hansson PO, Danielsson A, Sunnerhagen KS. A validation study using a modified version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients: Postural Stroke Study in Gothenburg (POSTGOT). J Neuroeng Rehabil 2011; 8:57. [PMID: 21978462 PMCID: PMC3203036 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-8-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A modified version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) was created with some changes in the description of the items and clarifications in the manual (e.g. much help was defined as support from 2 persons). The aim of this validation study was to assess intrarater and interrater reliability using this modified version of PASS, at a stroke unit, for patients in the acute phase after their first event of stroke. Methods In the intrarater reliability study 114 patients and in the interrater reliability study 15 patients were examined twice with the test within one to 24 hours in the first week after stroke. Spearman's rank correlation, Kappa coefficients, Percentage Agreement and the newer rank-invariant methods; Relative Position, Relative Concentration and Relative rank Variance were used for the statistical analysis. Results For the intrarater reliability Spearman's rank correlations were 0.88-0.98 and k were 0.70-0.93 for the individual items. Small, statistically significant, differences were found for two items regarding Relative Position and for one item regarding Relative Concentration. There was no Relative rank Variance for any single item. For the interrater reliability, Spearman's rank correlations were 0.77-0.99 for individual items. For some items there was a possible, even if not proved, reliability problem regarding Relative Position and Relative Concentration. There was no Relative rank Variance for the single items, except for a small Relative rank Variance for one item. Conclusions The high intrarater and interrater reliability shown for the modified Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients, the Swedish version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients, with traditional and newer statistical analyses, particularly for assessments performed by the same rater, support the use of the Swedish version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients, in the acute stage after stroke both in clinical and research settings. In addition, the Swedish version of Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients was easy to apply and fast to administer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina U Persson
- The Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hou WH, Chen JH, Wang YH, Wang CH, Lin JH, Hsueh IP, Ou YC, Hsieh CL. Development of a Set of Functional Hierarchical Balance Short Forms for Patients With Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 92:1119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jogi P, Spaulding SJ, Zecevic AA, Overend TJ, Kramer JF. Comparison of the original and reduced versions of the Berg Balance Scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in patients following hip or knee arthroplasty. Physiother Can 2011; 63:107-14. [PMID: 22210988 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2009-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the original and reduced versions of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), as completed by patients following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with respect to their potential utility in clinical and research settings. METHOD Patients with THA (n=26) or TKA (n=28) were evaluated before and after 5 to 7 weeks' participation in a home-based exercise programme. They were assessed using the original versions of the BBS and the WOMAC; scores for the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC were extracted from the original versions. RESULTS Good to excellent correlations (r≥0.80) were observed between the original and the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC. The index of responsiveness, evaluated using standardized response means (SRM), was similar for the original and the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC function sub-scale. CONCLUSIONS The reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC provided similar information to the original versions and were equally responsive. These reduced versions comprise fewer questions and may be completed in considerably less time, which suggests that they may be advantageous for clinical and research use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jogi
- Pankaj Jogi, BScPT, MScPT, PhD: School of Physical Therapy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
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