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Dewald HA, Yao J, Dewald JPA, Nader A, Kirsch RF. Peripheral nerve blocks of wrist and finger flexors can increase hand opening in chronic hemiparetic stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1284780. [PMID: 38456150 PMCID: PMC10919218 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1284780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hand opening is reduced by abnormal wrist and finger flexor activity in many individuals with stroke. This flexor activity also limits hand opening produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of finger and wrist extensor muscles. Recent advances in electrical nerve block technologies have the potential to mitigate this abnormal flexor behavior, but the actual impact of nerve block on hand opening in stroke has not yet been investigated. Methods In this study, we applied the local anesthetic ropivacaine to the median and ulnar nerve to induce a complete motor block in 9 individuals with stroke and observed the impact of this block on hand opening as measured by hand pentagonal area. Volitional hand opening and FES-driven hand opening were measured, both while the arm was fully supported on a haptic table (Unloaded) and while lifting against gravity (Loaded). Linear mixed effect regression (LMER) modeling was used to determine the effect of Block. Results The ropivacaine block allowed increased hand opening, both volitional and FES-driven, and for both unloaded and loaded conditions. Notably, only the FES-driven and Loaded condition's improvement in hand opening with the block was statistically significant. Hand opening in the FES and Loaded condition improved following nerve block by nearly 20%. Conclusion Our results suggest that many individuals with stroke would see improved hand-opening with wrist and finger flexor activity curtailed by nerve block, especially when FES is used to drive the typically paretic finger and wrist extensor muscles. Such a nerve block (potentially produced by aforementioned emerging electrical nerve block technologies) could thus significantly address prior observed shortcomings of FES interventions for individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A. Dewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Julius P. A. Dewald
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Antoun Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert F. Kirsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Khan MA, Fares H, Ghayvat H, Brunner IC, Puthusserypady S, Razavi B, Lansberg M, Poon A, Meador KJ. A systematic review on functional electrical stimulation based rehabilitation systems for upper limb post-stroke recovery. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1272992. [PMID: 38145118 PMCID: PMC10739305 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1272992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is one of the most common neurological conditions that often leads to upper limb motor impairments, significantly affecting individuals' quality of life. Rehabilitation strategies are crucial in facilitating post-stroke recovery and improving functional independence. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) systems have emerged as promising upper limb rehabilitation tools, offering innovative neuromuscular reeducation approaches. Objective The main objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the start-of-the-art functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems for upper limb neurorehabilitation in post-stroke therapy. More specifically, this paper aims to review different types of FES systems, their feasibility testing, or randomized control trials (RCT) studies. Methods The FES systems classification is based on the involvement of patient feedback within the FES control, which mainly includes "Open-Loop FES Systems" (manually controlled) and "Closed-Loop FES Systems" (brain-computer interface-BCI and electromyography-EMG controlled). Thus, valuable insights are presented into the technological advantages and effectiveness of Manual FES, EEG-FES, and EMG-FES systems. Results and discussion The review analyzed 25 studies and found that the use of FES-based rehabilitation systems resulted in favorable outcomes for the stroke recovery of upper limb functional movements, as measured by the FMA (Fugl-Meyer Assessment) (Manually controlled FES: mean difference = 5.6, 95% CI (3.77, 7.5), P < 0.001; BCI-controlled FES: mean difference = 5.37, 95% CI (4.2, 6.6), P < 0.001; EMG-controlled FES: mean difference = 14.14, 95% CI (11.72, 16.6), P < 0.001) and ARAT (Action Research Arm Test) (EMG-controlled FES: mean difference = 11.9, 95% CI (8.8, 14.9), P < 0.001) scores. Furthermore, the shortcomings, clinical considerations, comparison to non-FES systems, design improvements, and possible future implications are also discussed for improving stroke rehabilitation systems and advancing post-stroke recovery. Thus, summarizing the existing literature, this review paper can help researchers identify areas for further investigation. This can lead to formulating research questions and developing new studies aimed at improving FES systems and their outcomes in upper limb rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hoda Fares
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hemant Ghayvat
- Department of Computer Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Babak Razavi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Maarten Lansberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ada Poon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Kimford Jay Meador
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Vargas L, Musselman ED, Grill WM, Hu X. Asynchronous axonal firing patterns evoked via continuous subthreshold kilohertz stimulation. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:10.1088/1741-2552/acc20f. [PMID: 36881885 PMCID: PMC10433012 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acc20f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a common technique to assist or rehabilitate impaired muscle activation. However, conventional stimulation paradigms activate nerve fibers synchronously with action potentials time-locked with stimulation pulses. Such synchronous activation limits fine control of muscle force due to synchronized force twitches. Accordingly, we developed a subthreshold high-frequency stimulation waveform with the goal of activating axons asynchronously.Approach.We evaluated our waveform experimentally and through model simulations. During the experiment, we delivered continuous subthreshold pulses at frequencies of 16.67, 12.5, or 10 kHz transcutaneously to the median and ulnar nerves. We obtained high-density electromyographic (EMG) signals and fingertip forces to quantify the axonal activation patterns. We used a conventional 30 Hz stimulation waveform and the associated voluntary muscle activation for comparison. We modeled stimulation of biophysically realistic myelinated mammalian axons using a simplified volume conductor model to solve for extracellular electric potentials. We compared the firing properties under kHz and conventional 30 Hz stimulation.Main results.EMG activity evoked by kHz stimulation showed high entropy values similar to voluntary EMG activity, indicating asynchronous axon firing activity. In contrast, we observed low entropy values in EMG evoked by conventional 30 Hz stimulation. The muscle forces evoked by kHz stimulation also showed more stable force profiles across repeated trials compared with 30 Hz stimulation. Our simulation results provide direct evidence of asynchronous firing patterns across a population of axons in response to kHz frequency stimulation, while 30 Hz stimulation elicited synchronized time-locked responses across the population.Significance.We demonstrate that the continuous subthreshold high-frequency stimulation waveform can elicit asynchronous axon firing patterns, which can lead to finer control of muscle forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vargas
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Eric D Musselman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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McPherson LM, Dewald JPA. Abnormal synergies and associated reactions post-hemiparetic stroke reflect muscle activation patterns of brainstem motor pathways. Front Neurol 2022; 13:934670. [PMID: 36299276 PMCID: PMC9588949 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.934670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with moderate-to-severe post-stroke hemiparesis cannot control proximal and distal joints of the arm independently because they are constrained to stereotypical movement patterns called flexion and extension synergies. Accumulating evidence indicates that these synergies emerge because of upregulation of diffusely projecting brainstem motor pathways following stroke-induced damage to corticofugal pathways. During our recent work on differences in synergy expression among proximal and distal joints, we serendipitously observed some notable characteristics of synergy-driven muscle activation. It seemed that: paretic wrist/finger muscles were activated maximally during contractions of muscles at a different joint; differences in the magnitude of synergy expression occurred when elicited via contraction of proximal vs. distal muscles; and associated reactions in the paretic limb occurred during maximal efforts with the non-paretic limb, the strength of which seemed to vary depending on which muscles in the non-paretic limb were contracting. Here we formally investigated these observations and interpreted them within the context of the neural mechanisms thought to underlie stereotypical movement patterns. If upregulation of brainstem motor pathways occurs following stroke-induced corticofugal tract damage, then we would expect a pattern of muscle dependency in the observed behaviors consistent with such neural reorganization. Twelve participants with moderate-to-severe hemiparetic stroke and six without stroke performed maximal isometric torque generation in eight directions: shoulder abduction/adduction and elbow, wrist, and finger flexion/extension. Isometric joint torques and surface EMG were recorded from shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger joints and muscles. For some participants, joint torque and muscle activation generated during maximal voluntary contractions were lower than during maximal synergy-induced contractions (i.e., contractions about a different joint), particularly for wrist and fingers. Synergy-driven contractions were strongest when elicited via proximal joints and weakest when elicited via distal joints. Associated reactions in the wrist/finger flexors were stronger than those of other paretic muscles and were the only ones whose response depended on whether the non-paretic contraction was at a proximal or distal joint. Results provide indirect evidence linking the influence of brainstem motor pathways to abnormal motor behaviors post-stroke, and they demonstrate the need to examine whole-limb behavior when studying or seeking to rehabilitate the paretic upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. McPherson
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Program in Neurosciences, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julius P. A. Dewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sousa ASP, Moreira J, Silva C, Mesquita I, Silva A, Macedo R, Santos R. Postural control during turn on the light task assisted by functional electrical stimulation in post stroke subjects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6999. [PMID: 35487933 PMCID: PMC9054778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural control mechanisms have a determinant role in reaching tasks and are typically impaired in post-stroke patients. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for improving upper limb (UL) function. However, according to our knowledge, no study has evaluated FES influence on postural control. This study aims to evaluate the influence of FES UL assistance, during turning on the light task, in the related postural control mechanisms. An observational study involving ten post-stroke subjects with UL dysfunction was performed. Early and anticipatory postural adjustments (EPAs and APAs, respectively), the weight shift, the center of pressure and the center of mass (CoM) displacement were analyzed during the turning on the light task with and without the FES assistance. FES parameters were adjusted to improve UL function according to a consensus between physiotherapists' and patients' perspectives. The ANOVA repeated measures, Paired sample t and McNemar tests were used to compare postural control between the assisted and non-assisted conditions. When the task was assisted by FES, the number of participants that presented APAs increased (p = 0.031). UL FES assistance during turning on the light task can improve postural control in neurological patients with UL impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S P Sousa
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Juliana Moreira
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Silva
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Mesquita
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Functional Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusta Silva
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Macedo
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rubim Santos
- Center for Rehabilitation Research-Human Movement System (Re)Habilitation Area, Department of Physics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sousa ASP, da Silva CIC, Mesquita IA, Silva A, Macedo R, Imatz-Ojanguren E, Hernandez E, Keller T, Moreira J, da Fonseca PFP, Santos R. Optimal multi-field functional electrical stimulation parameters for the "drinking task - reaching phase" and related upper limb kinematics repeatability in post stroke subjects. J Hand Ther 2021; 35:645-654. [PMID: 34253404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No specific guidelines for the management of functional electrical stimulation (FES) parameters in post stroke patients have been defined yet, despite its frequent use. The purpose of this study is to characterize the optimal FES parameters that assist the reaching phase of drinking task ("drinking task - reaching phase") on post stroke subjects and to analyze the related upper limb (UL) movement quality indicators repeatability. METHODS An observational study with a test and re-test design involving ten post stroke subjects with UL dysfunction was performed. End-point and joint kinematics of contralesional UL were assessed during the "drinking task - reaching phase" with FES through a test and retest design. FES parameters were adjusted to improve UL function according to a consensus between physiotherapists and patients' perspective. FINDINGS It was possible to establish reliable FES parameters that assisted the "drinking task - reaching phase". All FES parameters presented high to very high repeatability and led to moderate to very high repeatability in almost UL movement quality indicators during the "drinking task - reaching phase". INTERPRETATION These findings show that the main characteristics of FES parameters that improves patient perception of change are quite stable, which facilitate its implementation in clinical practice by allowing consistence between intervention sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S P Sousa
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Isabel Costa da Silva
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Albuquerque Mesquita
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Functional Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusta Silva
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Macedo
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eukene Imatz-Ojanguren
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, E-48160 Derio (Spain)
| | - Erik Hernandez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 1, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián (Spain)
| | - Thierry Keller
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 1, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián (Spain)
| | - Juliana Moreira
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rubim Santos
- Center for Rehabilitation Research - Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
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Bhagat NA, Yozbatiran N, Sullivan JL, Paranjape R, Losey C, Hernandez Z, Keser Z, Grossman R, Francisco GE, O'Malley MK, Contreras-Vidal JL. Neural activity modulations and motor recovery following brain-exoskeleton interface mediated stroke rehabilitation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102502. [PMID: 33395991 PMCID: PMC7749405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Motor intention based arm training targets activity-dependent neuroplasticity. 80% of stroke participants recovered clinically relevant functional movements. Ipsi-lesional, delta-band EEG activity was highly correlated with motor recovery. Results suggest higher activation of ipsi-lesional hemisphere post-intervention.
Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) based on scalp EEG have the potential to promote cortical plasticity following stroke, which has been shown to improve motor recovery outcomes. However, the efficacy of BMI enabled robotic training for upper-limb recovery is seldom quantified using clinical, EEG-based, and kinematics-based metrics. Further, a movement related neural correlate that can predict the extent of motor recovery still remains elusive, which impedes the clinical translation of BMI-based stroke rehabilitation. To address above knowledge gaps, 10 chronic stroke individuals with stable baseline clinical scores were recruited to participate in 12 therapy sessions involving a BMI enabled powered exoskeleton for elbow training. On average, 132 ± 22 repetitions were performed per participant, per session. BMI accuracy across all sessions and subjects was 79 ± 18% with a false positives rate of 23 ± 20%. Post-training clinical assessments found that FMA for upper extremity and ARAT scores significantly improved over baseline by 3.92 ± 3.73 and 5.35 ± 4.62 points, respectively. Also, 80% participants (7 with moderate-mild impairment, 1 with severe impairment) achieved minimal clinically important difference (MCID: FMA-UE >5.2 or ARAT >5.7) during the course of the study. Kinematic measures indicate that, on average, participants’ movements became faster and smoother. Moreover, modulations in movement related cortical potentials, an EEG-based neural correlate measured contralateral to the impaired arm, were significantly correlated with ARAT scores (ρ = 0.72, p < 0.05) and marginally correlated with FMA-UE (ρ = 0.63, p = 0.051). This suggests higher activation of ipsi-lesional hemisphere post-intervention or inhibition of competing contra-lesional hemisphere, which may be evidence of neuroplasticity and cortical reorganization following BMI mediated rehabilitation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj A Bhagat
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | - Nuray Yozbatiran
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sullivan
- Mechatronics and Haptic Interfaces Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ruta Paranjape
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin Losey
- Mechatronics and Haptic Interfaces Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zachary Hernandez
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Zafer Keser
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Grossman
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcia K O'Malley
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA; Mechatronics and Haptic Interfaces Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jose L Contreras-Vidal
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA; Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NSF IUCRC BRAIN, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Zheng Y, Hu X. Elicited upper limb motions through transcutaneous cervical spinal cord stimulation. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:036001. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab8f6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zheng Y, Hu X. Muscle activation pattern elicited through transcutaneous stimulation near the cervical spinal cord. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:016064. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab5e09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zheng Y, Hu X. Elicited Finger and Wrist Extension Through Transcutaneous Radial Nerve Stimulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1875-1882. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2930669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cuesta-Gómez A, Carratalá-Tejada M, Molina-Rueda F, Miangolarra-Page JC. Functional electrical stimulation improves reaching movement in the shoulder and elbow muscles of stroke patients: A three-dimensional motion analysis. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:231-238. [PMID: 31177249 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-180884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery of motor function following stroke is essential to restore adequate functionality. The use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) technology as a neuroprosthesis to enhance the motor function of the UL, and thus facilitate the performance of ADL, could lead to a stroke patient's greater activity and participation in daily life. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to establish whether the application of FES in patients who have suffered a stroke with UL motor impairment is able to modify and facilitate their reaching patterns, measured by a three-dimensional motion capture system. METHODS 20 patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. For muscle stimulation, the electrical stimulator Compex® was used. Motion analysis was performed using the VICON Motion System®. Joint movements of the thorax, shoulder and elbow were analyzed in the sagittal plane, during the reaching movement under two different conditions of stimulation: FES condition and placebo condition. RESULTS Differences between FES condition and placebo condition were observed. In the FES condition it was recorded: an increased shoulder flexion and elbow extension in the reaching movement. CONCLUSIONS Functional electrical stimulation improved reaching movement in stroke patients with upper limb impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cuesta-Gómez
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Carratalá-Tejada
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina-Rueda
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Miangolarra-Page
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain.,Chair of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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McPherson LM, Dewald JPA. Differences between flexion and extension synergy-driven coupling at the elbow, wrist, and fingers of individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:454-468. [PMID: 30771722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The flexion and extension synergies were quantified at the paretic elbow, forearm, wrist, and finger joints within the same group of participants for the first time. Differences in synergy expression at each of the four joints were examined, as were the ways these differences varied across the joints. METHODS Twelve post-stroke individuals with chronic moderate-to-severe hemiparesis and six age-matched controls participated. Participants generated isometric shoulder abduction (SABD) and shoulder adduction (SADD) at four submaximal levels to progressively elicit the flexion and extension synergies, respectively. Isometric joint torques and EMG were recorded from shoulder, elbow, forearm (radio-ulnar), wrist, and finger joints and muscles. RESULTS SABD elicited strong wrist and finger flexion torque that increased with shoulder torque level. SADD produced primarily wrist and finger flexion torque, but magnitudes at the wrist were less than during SABD. Findings contrasted with those at the elbow and forearm, where torques and EMG generated due to SABD and SADD were opposite in direction. CONCLUSIONS Flexion and extension synergy expression are more similar at the hand than at the shoulder and elbow. Specific bulbospinal pathways that may underlie flexion and extension synergy expression are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE Whole-limb behavior must be considered when examining paretic hand function in moderately-to-severely impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miller McPherson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julius P A Dewald
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Li R, Zhang X, Lu Z, Liu C, Li H, Sheng W, Odekhe R. An Approach for Brain-Controlled Prostheses Based on a Facial Expression Paradigm. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:943. [PMID: 30618572 PMCID: PMC6305548 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most exciting areas of rehabilitation research is brain-controlled prostheses, which translate electroencephalography (EEG) signals into control commands that operate prostheses. However, the existing brain-control methods have an obstacle between the selection of brain computer interface (BCI) and its performance. In this paper, a novel BCI system based on a facial expression paradigm is proposed to control prostheses that uses the characteristics of theta and alpha rhythms of the prefrontal and motor cortices. A portable brain-controlled prosthesis system was constructed to validate the feasibility of the facial-expression-based BCI (FE-BCI) system. Four types of facial expressions were used in this study. An effective filtering algorithm based on noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) and sample entropy (SampEn) was used to remove electromyography (EMG) artifacts. A wavelet transform (WT) was applied to calculate the feature set, and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was employed as a classifier. To prove the effectiveness of the FE-BCI system for prosthesis control, 18 subjects were involved in both offline and online experiments. The grand average accuracy over 18 subjects was 81.31 ± 5.82% during the online experiment. The experimental results indicated that the proposed FE-BCI system achieved good performance and can be efficiently applied for prosthesis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhufeng Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanzhe Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Sheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Randolph Odekhe
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Crago PE. Neuromodulation by combined sensory and motor stimulation in the peripheral nerve: tendon organ afferent activity. J Neural Eng 2018; 16:016015. [PMID: 30523807 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaeaa9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuromuscular stimulation is a therapeutic approach to treat impairments such as stroke or pain, although the resulting inputs to the nervous system due to the stimulation are not well quantified. Stimulation activates both afferents and efferents, and the resulting neural activity is a mix of the effects of both: the changes in afferent activity due to efferent physiological actions plus the alterations due to afferent stimulation. This study quantitatively describes the resulting Golgi tendon organ Ib afferent activity in response to mixed afferent and efferent stimulation. APPROACH Neural and stimulated action potentials interact by means of collision, neural resetting, and refractory block. We simulated the action potential patterns of Ib afferents in the human first dorsal interosseous during constant voluntary, stimulated, and combined contractions, varying both stimulation rate and location, and both with and without simultaneous Ib stimulation. MAIN RESULTS Efferent stimulation affects the firing rate versus force relationships of individual tendon organs, but the effects on the population mean are very small. In contrast, afferent stimulation changes the firing rate versus force relationship of individual afferents by increasing the firing rate, decreasing the force resolution, broadening the distribution of action potential rates, and temporally phase locking a portion of the action potentials. Force resolution is retained in the population mean. The effects of afferent stimulation change with the stimulation rate and location, and with receptor firing rates. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first quantitative description of the changes in afferent feedback during combined efferent and afferent nerve stimulation. The small effects of efferent stimulation on the population response implies that tendon organs could provide accurate force feedback during stimulated contractions. The effects of afferent stimulation can be altered by choice of stimulus rate and site and are generalizable to other afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Crago
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America. Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America. MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States of America
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15
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Shin H, Zheng Y, Hu X. Variation of Finger Activation Patterns Post-stroke Through Non-invasive Nerve Stimulation. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1101. [PMID: 30619058 PMCID: PMC6301189 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A transcutaneous proximal nerve stimulation technique utilizing an electrode grid along the nerve bundles has previously shown flexible activation of multiple fingers. This case study aimed to further demonstrate the ability of this novel stimulation technique to induce various finger grasp patterns in a stroke survivor. Methods: An individual with chronic hemiplegia and severe hand impairment was recruited. Electrical stimulation was delivered to different pairs of an electrode grid along the ulnar and median nerves to selectively activate different finger flexor muscles, with an automated electrode switching method. The resultant individual isometric flexion forces and forearm flexor high-density electromyography (HDEMG) were acquired to evaluate the finger activation patterns. A medium and low level of overall activation were chosen to gauge the available finger patterns for both the contralateral and paretic hands. All the flexion forces were then clustered to categorize the different types of grasp patterns. Results: Both the contralateral and paretic sides demonstrated various force clusters including single and multi-finger activation patterns. The contralateral hand showed finger activation patterns mainly centered on median nerve activation of the index, middle, and ring fingers. The paretic hand exhibited fewer total activation patterns, but still showed activation of all four fingers in some combination. Conclusion: Our results show that electrical stimulation at multiple positions along the proximal nerve bundles can elicit a select variety of finger activation patterns even in a stroke survivor with minimal hand function. This system could be further implemented for better rehabilitative training to help induce functional grasp patterns or to help regain muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shin
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yang Zheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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16
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Zheng Y, Hu X. Reduced muscle fatigue using kilohertz-frequency subthreshold stimulation of the proximal nerve. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:066010. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aadecc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Zheng Y, Hu X. Improved muscle activation using proximal nerve stimulation with subthreshold current pulses at kilohertz-frequency. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:046001. [PMID: 29569574 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aab90f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can help individuals with neurological disorders to regain their motor function by activating muscles externally. However, conventional stimulation technique often induces near-simultaneous recruitment of muscle fibers, leading to twitch forces time-locked to the stimulation. APPROACH To induce less synchronized activation of finger flexor muscles, we delivered clustered narrower pulses to the proximal segment of the median and ulnar nerves at a carrier frequency of either 10 kHz (with an 80 µs pulse width) or 7.14 kHz (with a 120 µs pulse width) (high-frequency mode, HF), and different clustered pulses were delivered at a frequency of 30 or 40 Hz. Conventional stimulation with pulse frequency of 30 or 40 Hz (low-frequency mode, LF) was used for comparison. With matched elicited muscle forces between the HF and LF modes, the force variation, the high-density electromyogram (EMG) signals recorded at the finger flexor muscles and stimulation-induced-pain levels were compared. MAIN RESULTS The compound action potentials in the 10 kHz HF mode revealed a significant difference (i.e. a lower amplitude and area, and a wider duration) compared with the LF mode, indicating cancellations of asynchronized action potentials. A smaller fluctuation in the elicited forces in the 10 kHz mode further demonstrated the less synchronized activation of different motor units. These effects tended to be weaker in the 7.14 kHz HF condition. However, the levels of pain sensation was not reduced in the HF mode potentially due to the high charge density used in the HF mode. Our findings indicated that different nerve fibers were recruited asynchronously through summations of different numbers of subthreshold depolarizations in the HF mode. SIGNIFICANCE Compared with the LF mode, the HF mode stimulation was capable of activating the nerve fibers in a less synchronized way, which is more similar to the physiological activation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
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Simonsen D, Spaich EG, Hansen J, Andersen OK. Design and Test of a Closed-Loop FES System for Supporting Function of the Hemiparetic Hand Based on Automatic Detection Using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:1249-1256. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2622160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cuesta-Gómez A, Molina-Rueda F, Carratala-Tejada M, Imatz-Ojanguren E, Torricelli D, Miangolarra-Page JC. The Use of Functional Electrical Stimulation on the Upper Limb and Interscapular Muscles of Patients with Stroke for the Improvement of Reaching Movements: A Feasibility Study. Front Neurol 2017; 8:186. [PMID: 28539911 PMCID: PMC5423909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reaching movements in stroke patients are characterized by decreased amplitudes at the shoulder and elbow joints and greater displacements of the trunk, compared to healthy subjects. The importance of an appropriate and specific contraction of the interscapular and upper limb (UL) muscles is crucial to achieving proper reaching movements. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to activate the paretic muscles using short-duration electrical pulses. Objective To evaluate whether the application of FES in the UL and interscapular muscles of stroke patients with motor impairments of the UL modifies patients’ reaching patterns, measured using instrumental movement analysis systems. Design A cross-sectional study was carried out. Setting The VICON Motion System® was used to conduct motion analysis. Participants Twenty-one patients with chronic stroke. Intervention The Compex® electric stimulator was used to provide muscle stimulation during two conditions: a placebo condition and a FES condition. Main outcome measures We analyzed the joint kinematics (trunk, shoulder, and elbow) from the starting position until the affected hand reached the glass. Results Participants receiving FES carried out the movement with less trunk flexion, while shoulder flexion elbow extension was increased, compared to placebo conditions. Conclusion The application of FES to the UL and interscapular muscles of stroke patients with motor impairment of the UL has improved reaching movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cuesta-Gómez
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina-Rueda
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Maria Carratala-Tejada
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Miangolarra-Page
- Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain.,Chair of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Nakipoğlu Yuzer GF, Köse Dönmez B, Özgirgin N. A Randomized Controlled Study: Effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Wrist and Finger Flexor Spasticity in Hemiplegia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1467-1471. [PMID: 28462794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the wrist and finger extensors for wrist flexor spasticity in hemiplegic patients. METHODS Thirty stroke patients treated as inpatients were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into study and control groups. FES was applied to the study group. Wrist range of movement, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA), Brunnstrom (BS) hand neurophysiological staging, Barthel Index (BI), and Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT) are outcome measures. RESULTS There was no significant difference regarding range of motion (ROM) and BI values on admission between the groups. A significant difference was found in favor of the study group for these values at discharge. In the assessment within groups, there was no significant difference between admission and discharge RMA, BS hand, and UEFT scores in the control group, but there was a significant difference between the admission and discharge values for these parameters in the study group. Both groups showed improvement in MAS values on internal assessment. CONCLUSION It was determined that FES application is an effective method to reduce spasticity and to improve ROM, motor, and functional outcomes in hemiplegic wrist flexor spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Köse Dönmez
- Ankara Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Özgirgin
- Ankara Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Imatz-Ojanguren E, Irigoyen E, Valencia-Blanco D, Keller T. Neuro-fuzzy models for hand movements induced by functional electrical stimulation in able-bodied and hemiplegic subjects. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1214-1222. [PMID: 27346491 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) may be effective as a therapeutic treatment for improving functional reaching and grasping. Upper-limb FES models for predicting joint torques/angles from stimulation parameters can be useful to support the iterative design and development of neuroprostheses. Most such models focused on shoulder or elbow joints and were defined for fixed electrode configurations. This work proposes the use of a Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network (RFNN) for modeling FES induced wrist, thumb, and finger movements based on surface multi-field electrodes and kinematic data from able-bodied and neurologically impaired subjects. Different combinations of structure parameters comprising fuzzy term numbers and feedback approaches were tested and analyzed in order to see their effect on the model performance for six subjects. The results showed mean success rates in the range from 60% to 99% and best success rates in the range from 78% to 100% on test data for all subjects. No common trend was found across subjects regarding structure parameters. The model showed the ability to successfully reproduce the response to FES for both able-bodied and hemiplegic subjects at least with one of the tested combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eukene Imatz-Ojanguren
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Health Division, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 1-3, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain .
| | - Eloy Irigoyen
- UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country, Intelligent Control Research Group, Alameda Urquijo 48013, Bilbao.
| | - David Valencia-Blanco
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Health Division, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 1-3, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain .
| | - Thierry Keller
- TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Health Division, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 1-3, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain .
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Wilson RD, Page SJ, Delahanty M, Knutson JS, Gunzler DD, Sheffler LR, Chae J. Upper-Limb Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing EMG-Triggered, Cyclic, and Sensory Electrical Stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:978-987. [PMID: 27225977 DOI: 10.1177/1545968316650278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study compared the effect of cyclic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), electromyographically (EMG)-triggered NMES, and sensory stimulation on motor impairment and activity limitations in patients with upper-limb hemiplegia. METHODS This was a multicenter, single-blind, multiarm parallel-group study of nonhospitalized hemiplegic stroke survivors within 6 months of stroke. A total of 122 individuals were randomized to receive either cyclic NMES, EMG-triggered NMES, or sensory stimulation twice every weekday in 40-minute sessions, over an 8 week-period. Patients were followed for 6 months after treatment concluded. RESULTS There were significant increases in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment [F(1, 111) = 92.6, P < .001], FMA Wrist and Hand [F(1, 111) = 66.7, P < .001], and modified Arm Motor Ability Test [mAMAT; time effect: F(1, 111) = 91.0, P < .001] for all 3 groups. There was no significant difference in the improvement among groups in the FMA [F(2, 384) = 0.2, P = .83], FMA Wrist and Hand [F(2, 384) = 0.4, P = .70], or the mAMAT [F(2, 379) = 1.2, P = .31]. CONCLUSIONS All groups exhibited significant improvement of impairment and functional limitation with electrical stimulation therapy applied within 6 months of stroke. Improvements were likely a result of spontaneous recovery. There was no difference based on the type of electrical stimulation that was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Wilson
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael Delahanty
- Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jayme S Knutson
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Lynne R Sheffler
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Chae
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lee B, Attenello FJ, Liu CY, McLoughlin MP, Apuzzo ML. Recapitulating Flesh with Silicon and Steel: Advancements in Upper Extremity Robotic Prosthetics. World Neurosurg 2014; 81:730-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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