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Trimmel H, Tauber W, Zikeli M. Life-Threatening Anaphylaxis due to Cerebrolysin®. Case Rep Neurol Med 2024; 2024:2332908. [PMID: 39055722 PMCID: PMC11272398 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2332908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we describe a well-documented, severe anaphylactic reaction after intravenous administration of cerebrolysin, a neurotrophic agent derived from highly purified porcine brain tissue, consisting of peptides and free amino acids. Cerebrolysin has been in use for decades, in various neurological diseases, but especially stroke and traumatic brain injury, with the aim of enhancing cognitive performance. After administration of cerebrolysin to an 85-year-old male patient suffering from subacute stroke, he developed a fulminant anaphylactic reaction. Following institutional standards, vital functions were quickly restored. The anaphylactic reaction was clearly confirmed by laboratory tests. To date, only rare cases of anaphylaxis due to cerebrolysin have been published in the literature. The current report is intended to raise awareness for the possibility of such a reaction, given the widespread use of cerebrolysin in several indications in mostly critical patients. The case shows how a completely unexpected life-threatening situation can be successfully treated by targeted measures, if the situation is recognized quickly. In light of this event, we consider pathophysiology of allergic reactions and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Trimmel
- Department for AnesthesiaEmergency and Intensive MedicineState Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Corvinusring 3-5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Emergency MedicineMedical Simulation and Patient SafetyState Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Corvinusring 3-5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
- Danube Private UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Steiner Landstraße 124, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Tauber
- Central LaboratoryState Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Corvinusring 3-5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Martin Zikeli
- Department for Dermatology and VenereologyState Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Corvinusring 3-5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
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2
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Jarosz K, Kojder K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Andrzejewska A, Sołek-Pastuszka J, Jurczak A. The Effects of Neuromonitoring and Cerebrolysin Administration on Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury-An Interventional Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:353. [PMID: 38256487 PMCID: PMC10816546 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and an important burden to the worldwide healthcare system and society. There is a lack of guidelines for types of monitoring or neuroprotective therapy. The aim of this pilot study was to assess its feasibility and, furthermore, to evaluate the impact of Cerebrolysin on the following clinical outcomes: length of stay, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and mortality. METHODS A cohort of 56 patients was included in this non-randomised, real-time, pre-post-interventional study. The patients were assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and divided into two groups: severe (GCS < 8) and non-severe (GCS > 8). After the radiological examination (CT scan), the patients were qualified for an immediate neurosurgical procedure if needed. The patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where a standardised protocol for TBI treatment was implemented. Additional neuromonitoring was applied. RESULTS There were 56 patients (19 females; 33.9%), of which 41 were considered severe cases; the patients were allocated to the Cerebrolysin (n = 25) or control groups (n = 31). In a generalised linear model (GLM) approach, the use of Cerebrolysin was associated with a decrease in the probability of death in non-severe patients (by 0.333 (standard error (SE) = 0.157, p = 0.034)) but not in severe patients (estimate (Est.) = -0.115, SE = 0.127, p = 0.364). Patients who received Cerebrolysin and who were neuromonitored had favourable outcomes and better survival rates. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal treatment approach with monitoring and Cerebrolysin may have a beneficial effect on patients with less severe TBIs; however, the present study has multiple limitations, and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Jarosz
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital no. 1 Unii Lubelskiej, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (K.K.); (J.S.-P.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital no. 1 Unii Lubelskiej, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (K.K.); (J.S.-P.)
| | | | - Agata Andrzejewska
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital no. 1 Unii Lubelskiej, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (K.K.); (J.S.-P.)
| | - Joanna Sołek-Pastuszka
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital no. 1 Unii Lubelskiej, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (K.J.); (K.K.); (J.S.-P.)
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Specialist Nursery, Pomeranian Medical University, Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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3
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Liu X, Wang Y, Wu J, Ye C, Ma D, Wang E. Emergence delirium and postoperative delirium associated with high plasma NfL and GFAP: an observational study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1107369. [PMID: 37576000 PMCID: PMC10419211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and neuronal injury have been reported to be associated with the development of postoperative delirium in both preclinical and clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between biomarkers of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein and emergence and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Methods Patients who developed emergence delirium (n = 30) and postoperative delirium (n = 32), along with their matched controls, were enrolled after obtaining ethics approval and written informed consent. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit or Confusion Assessment Method scale, and blood samples were collected before and after surgery for plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein measurements using a single-molecule array. Results The study found that in patients with emergence delirium, the increase in plasma neurofilament light chain protein levels during surgery was significantly higher than in non-delirium patients (P = 0.002). Additionally, in patients with postoperative delirium, both the increase in plasma neurofilament light chain protein levels (P < 0.001) and the increase in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein levels during surgery (P = 0.008) were significantly higher than in non-delirium patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in plasma neurofilament light chain protein was associated with emergence delirium (adjusted OR = 1.872, P = 0.005), and the increase in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein was associated with postoperative delirium (adjusted OR = 1.419, P = 0.016). Moreover, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification and surgical duration were also found to be associated with delirium in elderly patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that emergence delirium is linked to elevated levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of axonal injury, during surgery. Furthermore, in addition to axonal injury, postoperative delirium was also associated with an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Cerebrolysin in Patients with TBI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030507. [PMID: 36979317 PMCID: PMC10046100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TBI (traumatic brain injury) is one of the most common causes of deaths and failure to return to society according to the latest statistics. Cerebrolysin is a drug approved for use in patients diagnosed with TBI. It is a mixture of neuropeptides derived from purified porcine brain proteins and multiple experimental studies have proven its neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties both in vitro and in vivo. In our meta-analysis, we analyze the latest clinical study reports on the use of Cerebrolysin in patients with TBI. The authors searched the databases: Pub Med, Cinahl, Web Of Science, and Embase from database inception until 11th July 2022. Ten clinical studies were eligible and included in the final analysis, including both retrospective and prospective studies of 8749 patients. Treatment with Cerebrolysin was associated with a statistically significant change in GCS and GOS. Mortality of any cause and the length of stay was not affected by the treatment. Our findings support and confirm the beneficial effects of Cerebrolysin treatment on the clinical outcome of patients after TBI. Further multi-center studies to optimize dosing and time of administration should be conducted.
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Zhai Y, Ye SY, Wang QS, Xiong RP, Fu SY, Du H, Xu YW, Peng Y, Huang ZZ, Yang N, Zhao Y, Ning YL, Li P, Zhou YG. Overexpressed ski efficiently promotes neurorestoration, increases neuronal regeneration, and reduces astrogliosis after traumatic brain injury. Gene Ther 2023; 30:75-87. [PMID: 35132206 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors suffer from long-term disability and neuropsychiatric sequelae due to irreparable brain tissue destruction. However, there are still few efficient therapies to promote neurorestoration in damaged brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate whether the pro-oncogenic gene ski can promote neurorestoration after TBI. We established a ski-overexpressing experimental TBI mouse model using adenovirus-mediated overexpression through immediate injection after injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, MRI-based 3D lesion volume reconstruction, neurobehavioral tests, and analyses of neuronal regeneration and astrogliosis were used to assess neurorestorative efficiency. The effects of ski overexpression on the proliferation of cultured immature neurons and astrocytes were evaluated using imaging flow cytometry. The Ski protein level increased in the perilesional region at 3 days post injury. ski overexpression further elevated Ski protein levels up to 14 days post injury. Lesion volume was attenuated by approximately 36-55% after ski overexpression, with better neurobehavioral recovery, more newborn immature and mature neurons, and less astrogliosis in the perilesional region. Imaging flow cytometry results showed that ski overexpression elevated the proliferation rate of immature neurons and reduced the proliferation rate of astrocytes. These results show that ski can be considered a novel neurorestoration-related gene that effectively promotes neurorestoration, facilitates neuronal regeneration, and reduces astrogliosis after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhai
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yang Ye
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ping Xiong
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yu Fu
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Du
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Xu
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Huang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lei Ning
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lucena LLN, Briones MVA. Effect of Cerebrolysin in severe traumatic brain injury: A multi-center, retrospective cohort study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 216:107216. [PMID: 35344761 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with nonoperative lesions are known to have a poorer prognosis. Recent and ongoing clinical studies have been exploring the utility of Cerebrolysin in improving patient outcomes among TBI patients; however, few studies are available on the effect of Cerebrolysin among nonoperative severe TBI patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of Cerebrolysin as add-on therapy to the standard medical decompression protocol for nonoperative severe TBI patients. METHODS The study employed a retrospective cohort design and included 87 severe TBI patients on admission. In addition to the current medical decompression protocol, 42 patients received 30 ml/day Cerebrolysin for 14 days, followed by a subsequent 10 ml/day dosage for another 14 days. The control group included 45 patients who received the standard decompression protocol only. Stata MP version 16 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Compared to the control group, a significantly higher proportion of patients who received Cerebrolysin treatment achieved a favourable outcome at Day 21 post-TBI (50% vs. 87%; p < 0.00001) and GOS ≥ 4 (18% vs. 39%; p = 0.043). The mean length of hospital stay was approximately seven days shorter in the Cerebrolysin group (25.61 days vs. 31.92 days; p < 0.00001), and a significantly lower proportion of Cerebrolysin patients had a LOS ≥ 30 days (Cerebrolysin: 13%; Control: 51%; p < 0.0001). No significant group differences were seen in the 28-day mortality rate. CONCLUSION Cerebrolysin is beneficial for severe TBI patients with nonoperative lesions as evidenced by stronger improvement in GCS/GOS and shorter length of hospital stay than standard treatment alone.
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7
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Gao C, Nie M, Huang J, Tian Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Jiang R. Pharmacotherapy for mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of the current treatment options. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:805-813. [PMID: 35290753 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2054328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accounting for 90% of all traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is currently the most frequently seen type of TBI. Although most patients can recover from mTBI, some may suffer from prolonged symptoms for months to years after injury. Growing evidence indicates that mTBI is associated with neurodegenerative diseases including dementias and Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological interventions are necessary to address the symptoms and avoid the adverse consequences of mTBI. AREAS COVERED To provide an overview of the current treatment options, the authors herein review the potential drugs to reduce the secondary damage and symptom-targeted therapy as well as the ongoing clinical trials about pharmacotherapy for mTBI. EXPERT OPINION There has been no consensus on the pharmacotherapy for mTBI. Several candidates including n-3 PUFAs, melatonin, NAC and statins show potential benefits in lessening the secondary injury and improving neurological deficits in pre-clinic studies, which, however, still need further investigation in clinical trials. The current pharmacotherapy for mTBI is empirical in nature and mainly targets to mitigate the symptoms. Well-designed clinical trials are now warranted to provide high level evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post -Neuroinjury Neuro -repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, China
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8
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Alvarez XA, Winston CN, Barlow JW, Sarsoza FM, Alvarez I, Aleixandre M, Linares C, García-Fantini M, Kastberger B, Winter S, Rissman RA. Modulation of Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Neuronal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Cerebrolysin® and Donepezil. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:705-717. [PMID: 36155516 PMCID: PMC9697063 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEV) contain proteins of pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic relevance. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of six plasma NDEV markers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity, cognition and functioning, and changes in these biomarkers after Cerebrolysin®, donepezil, and a combination therapy in AD. METHODS Plasma NDEV levels of Aβ42, total tau, P-T181-tau, P-S393-tau, neurogranin, and REST were determined in: 1) 116 mild to advanced AD patients and in 20 control subjects; 2) 110 AD patients treated with Cerebrolysin®, donepezil, or combination therapy in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Samples for NDEV determinations were obtained at baseline in the NDEV study and at baseline and study endpoint in the RCT. Cognition and functioning were assessed at the same time points. RESULTS NDEV levels of Aβ42, total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S393-tau were higher and those of neurogranin and REST were lower in mild-to-moderate AD than in controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV total tau, neurogranin, and REST increased with AD severity (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV Aβ42 and P-T181-tau correlated negatively with serum BDNF (p < 0.05), and total-tau levels were associated to plasma TNF-α (p < 0.01) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). Combination therapy reduced NDEV Aβ42 with respect to monotherapies (p < 0.05); and NDEV total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were decreased in Cerebrolysin-treated patients compared to those on donepezil monotherapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate the utility of NDEV determinations of pathologic and synaptic proteins as effective AD biomarkers, as markers of AD severity, and as potential tools for monitoring the effects of anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Anton Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica Reha Salud, A Coruña, Spain
- Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Floyd M. Sarsoza
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica Reha Salud, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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9
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Hu Y, Tao W. Microenvironmental Variations After Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:750810. [PMID: 34899180 PMCID: PMC8662751 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.750810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered to be one of the initial changes. Further, the microenvironmental alteration following TBI-induced BBB breakdown can be multi-scaled, constant, and dramatic. The microenvironmental variations after disruption of BBB includes several pathological changes, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration, brain edema, cerebral metabolism imbalances, and accumulation of inflammatory molecules. The modulation of the microenvironment presents attractive targets for TBI recovery, such as reducing toxic substances, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting neurogenesis. Herein, we briefly review the pathological alterations of the microenvironmental changes following BBB breakdown and outline potential interventions for TBI recovery based on microenvironmental modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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10
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Marzano LAS, de Castro FLM, Machado CA, de Barros JLVM, Macedo E Cordeiro T, Simões E Silva AC, Teixeira AL, Silva de Miranda A. Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3392-3419. [PMID: 34561977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210923143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI's long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Macedo E Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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11
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Wu X, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Ren Y, Cheng B, Ren L, Ge K, Li H. Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate-I Inhibits Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Vascular Dementia Mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2359-2368. [PMID: 34305399 PMCID: PMC8297406 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s311760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular dementia (VaD), one of the brain injuries, is difficult to be cured, so it is important to take active neuroprotective treatment after its occurrence. Many studies have shown that apoptosis serves an important role in VaD occurrence; therefore, inhibition of apoptosis may contribute to the recovery of neurological function after VaD occurrence. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I (CH-I), a neuropeptide preparation which consists of several amino acids and small molecular peptides as the main active constituent, is extracted using a method similar to cerebrolysin (CBL) which has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects. METHODS In the present study, a VaD model which was constructed using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in Kunming mice was applied to examine the neuroprotective effects of CH-I. RESULTS The results show that CH-I treatment could attenuate the decrease of learning and memory ability, cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region and inhibit the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in VaD mice. Furthermore, CH-I treatment could also upregulate Bcl-2 protein levels and activate PI3K and Akt. DISCUSSION We speculate that CH-I may induce a neuroprotective effect activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in VaD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohe Cheng
- Shandong Haoyun Guoji Stem Cells Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leiming Ren
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keli Ge
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People’s Republic of China
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Ren Y, Ma X, Wang T, Cheng B, Ren L, Dong Z, Liu H. The Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate-I Plays a Neuroprotective Effect on Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting MEK/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2199-2208. [PMID: 34262280 PMCID: PMC8273906 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s313807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I (CH-I) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS A total of 100 adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, model group, CH-I treated group, and cerebrolysin (CBL) positive group, consisting of 20 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of rats was built by inserting a suture into the left external carotid artery (ECA) through the internal carotid artery (ICA). Treatment was performed by intraperitoneal injection of CH-I (20 mg/kg). The neurobehavioral function of rats was evaluated by modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). TTC staining was used to detect the cerebral infarction volume (CIV) of rats. The morphological and structural changes of nerve cells were observed by HE staining and the neuronal apoptosis was counted by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to detect BDNF and pMEK1/2 expressions. The expressions of BDNF, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB were determined with Western blotting. RESULTS After treatment with CH-I, the mNSS and CIV of rats were improved (P<0.05). And the CH-I can reduce the degeneration and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats (P<0.01). Western blotting showed that the expressions of pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB in rats were increased, while the expression of BDNF was decreased after modeling (P<0.05). After treatment, the expressions of pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB in the CH-I group were decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of BDNF was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the model group. IHC showed that the expression of BDNF and pMEK1/2 was consistent with Western blotting. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the CH-I might play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the expression of MEK-ERK-CREB and enhancing the expression of BDNF after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, thus improving the neurobehavioral function of MCAO/R rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Ren
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohe Cheng
- Shandong Haoyun International Hospital of Stem Cells, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming Ren
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Chopp M, Ding G, Davoodi-Bojd E, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Jiang Q. MRI detection of impairment of glymphatic function in rat after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147062. [PMID: 32818526 PMCID: PMC9419050 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on the glymphatic pathway using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and quantified with kinetic parameters obtained from an advanced two-compartment model. mTBI was induced in male Wistar rats using a closed head impact. Animals with and without mTBI (n = 7/group) underwent the identical MRI protocol 10-weeks post-injury, including T2-weighted imaging and 3D T1-weighted imaging with intra-cisterna magna injection of contrast agent (Gd-DTPA). The parameters of infusion rate, clearance rate and clearance time constant, characterizing the kinetic features of glymphatic tracer transport in a living brain, were quantified in multiple brain tissue regions. In the majority of examined regions, our quantification demonstrated significantly reduced infusion and clearance rates, and significantly increased clearance time constant in the mTBI animals compared to the healthy controls. These data indicate that mTBI induces chronic changes in influx and efflux of contrast agent and glymphatic pathway dysfunction. While the reduced efficiency of glymphatic function after mTBI was apparent in brain, regional evaluation revealed heterogeneous glymphatic effects of the mTBI in different anatomical regions. The suppression of glymphatic function, rather than the presence of focal lesions, indicates a persistent injury of the brain after mTBI. Thus, dynamic CE-MRI in conjunction with advanced kinetic analysis may offer a useful methodology for an objective assessment and confirmatory diagnosis of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Guangliang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48208, USA.
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48208, USA.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Kang DH, Choi BY, Lee SH, Kho AR, Jeong JH, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Song HK, Choi HC, Lim MS, Suh SW. Effects of Cerebrolysin on Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568813. [PMID: 33177978 PMCID: PMC7596733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain diseases. The exact cause of epilepsy is unclear. Epilepsy often occurs following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain peptide that is a unique neurotropic and neuroprotective agent. Cerebrolysin has been reported to increase neuroprotective effects after TBI, ischemia, and other CNS diseases. However, the effects of cerebrolysin on seizures are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neuropeptide cerebrolysin on neuronal death in the hippocampus after a seizure. To confirm the effects of cerebrolysin, we used a pilocarpine-induced seizure animal model. Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, i.p., once per day for 7 days) was immediately injected after a seizure induction. After 1 week, we obtained brain tissues and performed staining to histologically evaluate the potentially protective effects of cerebrolysin on seizure-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus. We found that cerebrolysin decreased hippocampal neuronal death after a seizure. In addition, an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was confirmed through Western blot analysis to further support our hypothesis. Therefore, the present study suggests that the administration of cerebrolysin can be a useful therapeutic tool for preventing neuronal death after a seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Man-Sup Lim
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Zhang Y, Gang Zhang Z, Lu M, Zhang T, Wu KHH, Zhang L, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. Randomized controlled trial of Cerebrolysin's effects on long-term histological outcomes and functional recovery in rats with moderate closed head injury. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:1072-1082. [PMID: 31491768 DOI: 10.3171/2019.6.jns191027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors previously demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is effective for treatment of mild closed head injury (CHI) when administered 4 hours after injury. The aim of this study was to determine Cerebrolysin's effects on functional and histological outcomes in rats subjected to moderate CHI. METHODS In this randomized, blinded, and vehicle-controlled preclinical trial, male adult Wistar rats subjected to moderate CHI received either Cerebrolysin treatment at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg (n = 13) or vehicle (saline, n = 13) intraperitoneally administered daily for 10 days, starting at 4 hours after injury. Animals were subjected to cognitive and sensorimotor functional tests at multiple time points, and they were killed 3 months after injury. The brains were processed for analyses of neuronal cell loss, amyloid precursor protein, axonal damage, and neurogenesis. RESULTS Compared with rats treated with vehicle (saline), rats treated with Cerebrolysin had significantly increased numbers of neuroblasts and newborn mature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and attenuated amyloid precursor protein accumulation and axonal damage in various brain regions, as well as decreased neuronal loss in the DG and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) region of the hippocampus (p < 0.05). Global testing using generalized estimating equations showed a significant beneficial effect of Cerebrolysin treatment on sensorimotor functional outcomes from 1 day to 3 months after injury compared to that of saline treatment (p < 0.05). Compared with vehicle-treated rats, Cerebrolysin-treated rats showed significantly and robustly improved long-term (up to 3 months) cognitive functional recovery, as measured by social interaction, Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and odor recognition tests. In the Cerebrolysin-treated rats there were significant correlations between multiple histological outcomes and functional recovery evident 3 months after moderate CHI, as indicated by Pearson partial correlation analyses. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings demonstrate that Cerebrolysin treatment significantly improves long-term functional and histological outcomes in rats with moderate CHI, with functional outcomes significantly correlated with histological indices of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. These data indicate that Cerebrolysin may be useful for the treatment of moderate CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Chopp
- 2Neurology, and
- 3Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | | | | | - Mei Lu
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
| | - Talan Zhang
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
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16
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Tyurenkov IN, Kurkin DV, Kalatanova AV, Dorotenko AR, Bakulin DA, Morkovin EI, Verholyak DV, Gorbunova YV, Atapina NV, Smirnov AV, Schmidt MV. [Comparative study of protective effects of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:83-89. [PMID: 32929929 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of cortexin, cerebrolysin and actovegin on memory impairment, cerebral circulation and morphological changes in the hippocampus of rats with chronic brain ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted using male rats with chronic brain ischemia caused by stenosis of the common carotid arteries by 50%. Animals received cortexin (0,3; 1 or 3 mg/kg), cerebrolysin (0,8; 2,5 or 7,5 ml/kg) and actovegin (5 ml/kg) in two 10-day courses with 10 days of treatment break. The severity of cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Morris water maze, passive and active avoidance tests. Cerebral circulation using laser flowmetry and brain hippocampus structures were studied in the end of treatment. RESULTS Cognitive impairment in animals with chronic brain ischemia was accompanied by the development of pathological changes in the CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. Administration of cortexin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and cerebrolysin (2.5 and 7.5 ml/kg) to rats with chronic brain ischemia had almost no effect on cerebral blood flow, but contributed to the improvement in memory formation and retrieval processes in the Morris water maze. The treatment effect was comparable for both drugs and persisted after 10 days of treatment break. Morphological assessment showed a decrease in the severity of pathological changes in the hippocampal regions. CONCLUSION The course-administration of cortexin and cerebrolysin lead to a decrease in the severity of memory impairment and pathomorphological changes in the hippocampus in rats with chronic brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - D V Kurkin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | | | - D A Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E I Morkovin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - D V Verholyak
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - N V Atapina
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - A V Smirnov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M V Schmidt
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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Efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in neurorecovery after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: results from the CAPTAIN II trial. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1171-1181. [PMID: 31897941 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin in treating patients after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an adjunct to standard care protocols. The trial was designed to investigate the clinical effects of Cerebrolysin in the acute (neuroprotective) stage and during early and long-term recovery as part of a neurorestorative strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a phase IIIb/IV single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) between 7 and 12 received study medication (50 ml of Cerebrolysin or physiological saline solution per day for 10 days, followed by two additional treatment cycles with 10 ml per day for 10 days) in addition to standard care. We tested ensembles of efficacy criteria for 90, 30, and 10 days after TBI with a priori ordered hypotheses using a multivariate, directional test, to reflect the global status of patients after TBI. RESULTS The study enrolled 142 patients, of which 139 underwent formal analysis (mean age = 47.4, mean admission GCS = 10.4, and mean Baseline Prognostic Risk Score = 2.6). The primary endpoint, a multidimensional ensemble of 13 outcome scales, indicated a "small-to-medium"-sized effect in favor of Cerebrolysin, statistically significant at day 90 (MWcombined = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66, P = 0.0119). Safety and tolerability observations were comparable between treatment groups. CONCLUSION Our trial confirms previous beneficial effects of the multimodal, biological agent Cerebrolysin for overall outcome after moderate to severe TBI, as measured by a multidimensional approach. Study findings must be appraised and aggregated in conjunction with existing literature, as to improve the overall level of insight regarding therapeutic options for TBI patients. The widely used pharmacologic intervention may benefit from a large-scale observational study to map its use and to establish comparative effectiveness in real-world clinical settings.
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Poon W, Matula C, Vos PE, Muresanu DF, von Steinbüchel N, von Wild K, Hömberg V, Wang E, Lee TMC, Strilciuc S, Vester JC. Safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in acute brain injury and neurorecovery: CAPTAIN I-a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Asian-Pacific trial. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:281-293. [PMID: 31494820 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin as an add-on therapy to local standard treatment protocol in patients after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. METHODS The patients received the study medication in addition to standard care (50 mL of Cerebrolysin or physiological saline solution daily for 10 days, followed by two additional treatment cycles with 10 mL daily for 10 days) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-centre phase IIIb/IV trial. The primary endpoint was a multidimensional ensemble of 14 outcome scales pooled to be analyzed by means of the multivariate, correlation-sensitive Wei-Lachin procedure. RESULTS In 46 enrolled TBI patients (Cerebrolysin 22, placebo 24), three single outcomes showed stand-alone statistically significant superiority of Cerebrolysin [Stroop Word/Dots Interference (p = 0.0415, Mann-Whitney(MW) = 0.6816, 95% CI 0.51-0.86); Color Trails Tests 1 and 2 (p = 0.0223/0.0170, MW = 0.72/0.73, 95% CI 0.53-0.90/0.54-0.91), both effect sizes lying above the benchmark for "large" superiority (MW > 0.71)]. While for the primary multivariate ensemble, statistical significance was just missed in the intention-to-treat population (pWei-Lachin < 0.1, MWcombined = 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.77, derived standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.45, 95% CI -0.07 to 1.04, derived OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.89-5.95), the per-protocol analysis showed a statistical significant superiority of Cerebrolysin (pWei-Lachin = 0.0240, MWcombined = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.85, derived SMD 0.69, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.47, derived OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.16 to 12.8), with effect sizes of six single outcomes lying above the benchmark for "large" superiority. Safety aspects were comparable to placebo. CONCLUSION Our trial suggests beneficial effects of Cerebrolysin on outcome after TBI. Results should be confirmed by a larger RCT with a comparable multidimensional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Matula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P E Vos
- Department of Neurology, Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | - D F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - N von Steinbüchel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K von Wild
- Medical Faculty, Westphalia Wilhelm's University, Münster, Germany
| | - V Hömberg
- Department of Neurology, SRH Gesundheitszentrum Bad Wimpfen GmbH, Bad Wimpfen, Germany
| | - E Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Strilciuc
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - J C Vester
- Department of Biometry and Clinical Research, idv Data Analysis and Study Planning, Krailling, Germany
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