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Cumyn A, Ménard JF, Barton A, Dault R, Lévesque F, Ethier JF. Patients and Members of the Public’s Wishes Regarding Transparency in the Context of Secondary Use of Health Data: A Scoping Review (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e45002. [PMID: 37052967 PMCID: PMC10141314 DOI: 10.2196/45002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary use of health data has reached unequaled potential to improve health systems governance, knowledge, and clinical care. Transparency regarding this secondary use is frequently cited as necessary to address deficits in trust and conditional support and to increase patient awareness. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review the current published literature to identify different stakeholders' perspectives and recommendations on what information patients and members of the public want to learn about the secondary use of health data for research purposes and how and in which situations. METHODS Using PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases to locate a broad range of studies published in English or French until November 2022. We included articles reporting a stakeholder's perspective or recommendations of what information patients and members of the public want to learn about the secondary use of health data for research purposes and how or in which situations. Data were collected and analyzed with an iterative thematic approach using NVivo. RESULTS Overall, 178 articles were included in this scoping review. The type of information can be divided into generic and specific content. Generic content includes information on governance and regulatory frameworks, technical aspects, and scientific aims. Specific content includes updates on the use of one's data, return of results from individual tests, information on global results, information on data sharing, and how to access one's data. Recommendations on how to communicate the information focused on frequency, use of various supports, formats, and wording. Methods for communication generally favored broad approaches such as nationwide publicity campaigns, mainstream and social media for generic content, and mixed approaches for specific content including websites, patient portals, and face-to-face encounters. Content should be tailored to the individual as much as possible with regard to length, avoidance of technical terms, cultural competence, and level of detail. Finally, the review outlined 4 major situations where communication was deemed necessary: before a new use of data, when new test results became available, when global research results were released, and in the advent of a breach in confidentiality. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights how different types of information and approaches to communication efforts may serve as the basis for achieving greater transparency. Governing bodies could use the results: to elaborate or evaluate strategies to educate on the potential benefits; to provide some knowledge and control over data use as a form of reciprocity; and as a condition to engage citizens and build and maintain trust. Future work is needed to assess which strategies achieve the greatest outreach while striking a balance between meeting information needs and use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cumyn
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Frédéric Ménard
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Faculté de droit, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Adrien Barton
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxanne Dault
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Lévesque
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Ethier
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Faculté des sciences/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Harris N, Noyes J, Fraser L, Lapwood S, Harrop E, Blackburn M, Price J, Chambers L, Bluebond-Langer M. Managing and sharing research data in children's palliative care: Risks, benefits and imponderables. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:2794-2797. [PMID: 32909313 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorna Fraser
- Martin House Research Centre, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jayne Price
- Kingston and St George's University, London, UK
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Howe N, Giles E, Newbury-Birch D, McColl E. Systematic review of participants' attitudes towards data sharing: a thematic synthesis. J Health Serv Res Policy 2019; 23:123-133. [PMID: 29653503 DOI: 10.1177/1355819617751555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Data sharing is well established in biological research, but evidence on sharing of clinical trial or public health research study data remains limited, in particular studies of research participants' perspectives of data sharing. This study systematically reviewed international evidence of research participants' attitudes towards the sharing of data for secondary research use. Methods Systematic search of seven databases, and author-, citation- and bibliography-follow up to identify studies examining research participants' attitudes towards data sharing. Studies were thematically analysed using NVivo v10 to identify recurring themes. Results Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) benefits of data sharing, including benefit to participants or immediate community, benefits to the public and benefits to science or research; (2) fears and harms, such as fear of exploitation, stigmatization or repercussions, alongside concerns about confidentiality and misuse of data; (3) data sharing processes, in particular the role of consent in the process; and (4) the relationship between participants and research such as trust in different types of research or organization and the relationship with the original research team. Conclusions The available literature on attitudes towards sharing data from clinical trials or public health interventions remains scant. This study has identified four themes regarding research participants' attitudes and preferences, which should be considered by policy makers, and explored with further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Howe
- 1 Database Manager, Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, 5994 Newcastle University , Newcastle University, UK
| | - Emma Giles
- 2 Senior Research Lecturer in Public Health, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, UK
| | - Dorothy Newbury-Birch
- 3 Professor of Alcohol and Public Health Research, School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, UK
| | - Elaine McColl
- 4 Professor of Health Service Research, Institute of Health and Society, 5994 Newcastle University , Newcastle University, UK
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Manhas KP, Cui X, Tough SC. The Experience of Establishing Data Sharing & Linkage Platforms for Administrative, Research and Community-Service Data. Int J Popul Data Sci 2019; 4:465. [PMID: 32935021 PMCID: PMC7299464 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v4i1.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innovative data platforms (e.g. biobanks, repositories) continually emerge to facilitate data sharing. Extant and emerging data platforms must navigate myriad tensions for successful data sharing and re-use. Two Alberta data platforms navigated such processes and factors regarding administrative, research and nonprofit data: the Child & Youth Data Laboratory (CYDL) and Secondary Analysis to Generate Evidence (SAGE). Objectives To clarify the social and policy factors that influenced CYDL and SAGE establishment and implementation, and the relationships, if any, between these factors and data type. Methods This paper involves a qualitative secondary analysis of two developmental evaluations on CYDL and SAGE establishment. Six-years post-implementation, the CYDL evaluation entailed document review; website user analysis; interviews (n=30); online stakeholder survey (n=260); and an environmental scan. One-year post implementation, the SAGE evaluation included 15 interviews and document review. We used thematic analysis and comparisons with the literature to identify key factors. Results Three (not mutually exclusive) categories of social and policy factors influenced the navigation towards CYDL and SAGE realization: trusting relationships; sustainability amidst readiness; and privacy within social context. For these platforms to be able to manage, link or share data, trust had to be fostered and maintained across multiple, dynamic and intersecting relationships between primary data producers, data subjects, secondary users and institutions. Platform sustainability required capacity building and innovation. Privacy and information sharing evolved culturally and correspondingly for these data platforms, which required constant flexibility and awareness. Conclusions This analysis calls for more empirical research on the value of data re-use or the detriment in not re-using data. While the culture of information sharing is progressing towards greater openness and capacity for data sharing and re-use, successful data platforms must advocate, facilitate and mobilize analysis and innovation using data re-use while being cognizant of social and policy influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pohar Manhas
- Alberta Health Services, Seventh Street Plaza, 14th Floor, North Tower, 10030-107 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Xinjie Cui
- PolicyWise with Children & Families, 9925 109 St NW, Edmonton, AB T5K 2J8, Canada https://policywise.com/
| | - Suzanne C Tough
- University of Calgary, Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4 https://www.ucalgary.ca/stough/about
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Manhas KP, Dodd SX, Page S, Letourneau N, Adair CE, Cui X, Tough SC. Sharing longitudinal, non-biological birth cohort data: a cross-sectional analysis of parent consent preferences. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:97. [PMID: 30419910 PMCID: PMC6233367 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandates abound to share publicly-funded research data for reuse, while data platforms continue to emerge to facilitate such reuse. Birth cohorts (BC) involve longitudinal designs, significant sample sizes and rich and deep datasets. Data sharing benefits include more analyses, greater research complexity, increased opportunities for collaboration, amplification of public contributions, and reduced respondent burdens. Sharing BC data involves significant challenges including consent, privacy, access policies, communication, and vulnerability of the child. Research on these issues is available for biological data, but these findings may not extend to BC data. We lack consensus on how best to approach these challenges in consent, privacy, communication and autonomy when sharing BC data. We require more stakeholder engagement to understand perspectives and generate consensus. METHODS Parents participating in longitudinal birth cohorts completed a web-based survey investigating consent preferences for sharing their, and their child's, non-biological research data. Results from a previous qualitative inquiry informed survey development, and cognitive interviewing methods (n = 9) were used to improve the question quality and comprehension. Recruitment was via personalized email, with email and phone reminders during the 14-day window for survey completion. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-six of 569 parents completed the survey in September 2014 (60.8%). Participants preferred consent processes for data sharing in future independent research that were less-active (i.e. no consent or opt-out). Parents' consent preferences are associated with their communication preferences. Twenty percent (20.2%) of parents generally agreed that their child should provide consent to continue participating in research at age 12, while 25.6% felt decision-making on sharing non-biological research data should begin at age 18. CONCLUSIONS These finding reflect the parenting population's preference for less project-specific permission when research data is non-biological and de-identified and when governance practices are highly detailed and rigourous. Parents recognize that children should become involved in consent for secondary data use, but there is variability regarding when and how involvement occurs. These findings emphasize governance processes and participant notification rather than project-specific consent for secondary use of de-identified, non-biological data. Ultimately, parents prefer general consent processes for sharing de-identified, non-biological research data with ultimate involvement of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pohar Manhas
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Stacey Page
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Carol E. Adair
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xinjie Cui
- PolicyWise for Children & Families, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Suzanne C. Tough
- PolicyWise for Children & Families, Calgary, Canada
- Pediatrics & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cumyn A, Ouellet K, Côté AM, Francoeur C, St-Onge C. Role of Researchers in the Ethical Conduct of Research: A Discourse Analysis From Different Stakeholder Perspectives. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2018.1539671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cumyn
- Department of Medecine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Kathleen Ouellet
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Anne-Marie Côté
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Caroline Francoeur
- Direction de la coordination de la mission universitaire du CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de l’Estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke
| | - Christina St-Onge
- Centre for Health Sciences Education, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke
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Manhas KP, Page S, Dodd SX, Letourneau N, Ambrose A, Cui X, Tough SC. Parental perspectives on consent for participation in large-scale, non-biological data repositories. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2016; 12:1. [PMID: 26790860 PMCID: PMC4720627 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data sharing presents several challenges to the informed consent process. Unique challenges emerge when sharing pediatric or pregnancy-related data. Here, parent preferences for sharing non-biological data are examined. METHODS Groups (n = 4 groups, 18 participants) and individual interviews (n = 19 participants) were conducted with participants from two provincial, longitudinal pregnancy cohorts (AOB and APrON). Qualitative content analysis was applied to transcripts of semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Participants were supportive of a broad, one-time consent model or a tiered consent model. These preferences were grounded in the perceived obligations for reciprocity and accuracy. Parents want reciprocity among participants, repositories and researchers regarding respect and trust. Furthermore, parents' worry about the interrelationships between the validity of the consent processes and secondary data use. CONCLUSIONS Though parent participants agree that their research data should be made available for secondary use, they believe their consent is still required. Given their understanding that obtaining and informed consent can be challenging in the case of secondary use, parents agreed that a broad, one-time consent model was acceptable, reducing the logistical burden while maintaining respect for their contribution. This broad model also maintained participant trust in the research and secondary use of their data. The broad, one-time model also reflected parents' perspectives surrounding child involvement in the consent process. The majority of parents felt decision made during childhood were the parents responsibility and should remain in parental purview until the child reaches the age of majority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pohar Manhas
- Child Development Centre, c/o 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Stacey Page
- MacKimmie Library Tower, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Shawn X Dodd
- Child Development Centre, c/o 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Child Development Centre, c/o 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | | | - Xinjie Cui
- Child and Youth Data Lab, Alberta Center for Child Family and Community Research, 9925 109 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 3M9, Canada.
| | - Suzanne C Tough
- Child Development Centre, c/o 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
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