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Takano S, Shibamoto Y, Wang Z, Kondo T, Hashimoto S, Kawai T, Hiwatashi A. Optimal timing of a γH2AX analysis to predict cellular lethal damage in cultured tumor cell lines after exposure to diagnostic and therapeutic radiation doses. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:317-327. [PMID: 36634337 PMCID: PMC10036098 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) is a sensitive biomarker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To assess the adverse effects of low-dose radiation (<50 mGy), γH2AX levels have typically been measured in human lymphocytes within 30 min of computed tomography (CT) examinations. However, in the presence of DSB repair, it remains unclear whether γH2AX levels within 30 min of irradiation completely reflect biological effects. Therefore, we investigated the optimal timing of a γH2AX analysis to predict the cell-surviving fraction (SF). Three tumor cell lines were irradiated at different X-ray doses (10-4000 mGy), and the relationships between SF and relative γH2AX levels were investigated 15 min and 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after irradiation. Data were analyzed for high-dose (0-4000 mGy) and low-dose (0-500 mGy) ranges. Correlations were observed between SF and the relative number of γH2AX foci/nucleus at 12 h only (R2 = 0.68, P = 0.001 after high doses; R2 = 0.37, P = 0.016 after low doses). The relative intensity of γH2AX correlated with SF 15 min to 12 h after high doses and 2 to 12 h after low doses, with the maximum R2 values being observed 2 h after high doses (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001) and 12 h after low doses (R2 = 0.65, P < 0.001). Collectively, cellular lethal damage in tumor cells was more accurately estimated with residual DSBs 12 h after low-dose (10-500 mGy) irradiation. These results may contribute to determination of the optimal timing of biodosimetric analyses using γH2AX in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Takano
- Corresponding author. Seiya Takano, MD, Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuhocho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan. Phone: (+81)52-853-8276; Fax: (+81)52-852-5244; E-mail:
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Narita Memorial Proton Center, 78 Shirakawa-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8021, Japan
| | - Zhen Wang
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takuhito Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, 4-66 Syonen-cyo, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 454-8502, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawai
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akio Hiwatashi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
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Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Berry R, López-Martínez G. A dose of experimental hormesis: When mild stress protects and improves animal performance. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110658. [PMID: 31954863 PMCID: PMC7066548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive response characterized by a biphasic curve is known as hormesis. In a hormesis framework, exposure to low doses leads to protective and beneficial responses while exposures to high doses are damaging and detrimental. Comparative physiologists have studied hormesis for over a century, but our understanding of hormesis is fragmented due to rifts in consensus and taxonomic-specific terminology. Hormesis has been and is currently known by multiple names; preconditioning, conditioning, pretreatment, cross tolerance, adaptive homeostasis, and rapid stress hardening (mostly low temperature: rapid cold hardening). These are the most common names used to describe adaptive stress responses in animals. These responses are mechanistically similar, while having stress-specific responses, but they all can fall under the umbrella of hormesis. Here we review how hormesis studies have revealed animal performance benefits in response to changes in oxygen, temperature, ionizing radiation, heavy metals, pesticides, dehydration, gravity, and crowding. And how almost universally, hormetic responses are characterized by increases in performance that include either increases in reproduction, longevity, or both. And while the field can benefit from additional mechanistic work, we know that many of these responses are rooted in increases of antioxidants and oxidative stress protective mechanisms; including heat shock proteins. There is a clear, yet not fully elucidated, overlap between hormesis and the preparation for oxidative stress theory; which predicts part of the responses associated with hormesis. We discuss this, and the need for additional work into animal hormetic effects particularly focusing on the cost of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Berry
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America
| | - Giancarlo López-Martínez
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States of America.
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Shibata S, Shibamoto Y, Maehara M, Hobo A, Hotta N, Ozawa Y. Reasons for Undergoing CT During Childhood: Can CT-Exposed and CT-Naive Populations Be Compared? Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820907011. [PMID: 32110172 PMCID: PMC7026821 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820907011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies suggested an increased risk of cancer and other tumors in individuals undergoing computed tomography (CT) examination during childhood; however, it was questioned whether the group undergoing CT was comparable to that not undergoing CT. To address this issue, we investigated the reasons for undergoing CT in 763 children aged 0 to 19 years in 2013. Their medical records were fully evaluated and symptoms, underlying conditions, reasons for CT, and clinical courses after CT were investigated. Among the 763 children, 66.1% underwent repeat CT after the first examination, and 19.3% underwent CT 8 times or more. Among all the examined children, 8.8% had cancer and 4.7% had cancer-prone conditions such as Down syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, and cirrhosis. Only 11.4% of the 763 children underwent CT because of trauma, and 32.2% of the children had some types of congenital anomaly. The rate of trauma decreased with an increase in the frequency of CT examinations. Since the incidence of congenital anomalies is below 2.5% in the general population, it was concluded that the population of children undergoing CT is completely different from that not undergoing CT. The 2 groups should not be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shibata
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Maehara
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayano Hobo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naohide Hotta
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang Z, Sugie C, Nakashima M, Kondo T, Iwata H, Tsuchiya T, Shibamoto Y. Changes in the Proliferation Rate, Clonogenicity, and Radiosensitivity of Cultured Cells During and After Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819842733. [PMID: 31040760 PMCID: PMC6477768 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819842733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of continuous low-dose radiation on proliferation,
clonogenicity, radiosensitivity, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)
in human salivary gland (HSG) tumor cells. Human salivary gland cells were
cultured on acrylic boards above very-low-dose (4.3 μSv/h) or low-dose (27
μSv/h) radiation-emitting sheets or without sheets. Total cell numbers and
plating efficiencies were compared among the 3 groups every 1 or 2 weeks until 6
weeks after starting culture. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks, surviving fractions of HSG
cells after irradiation at 2 to 8 Gy cultured on the very-low-dose or low-dose
sheets were compared to those of the control. At 4 weeks, HSG cells irradiated
at 2 Gy were assessed for phosphorylated histone (γH2AX) foci formation, and
DSBs were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in total cell
number or plating efficiencies with or without low-dose-emitting sheets. The
surviving fractions after irradiation of the very-low-dose group at 2 to 6 weeks
and those of the low-dose group at 2 to 4 weeks were higher than those of the
control (P < .01). Thus, a radioadaptive response was
clearly demonstrated. From the γH2AX foci quantification, the adaptive responses
were considered to be associated with the efficient repair of DSB, especially
slow repair, in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikao Sugie
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuhito Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Agathokleous E, WaiLi Y, Ntatsi G, Konno K, Saitanis CJ, Kitao M, Koike T. Effects of ozone and ammonium sulfate on cauliflower: Emphasis on the interaction between plants and insect herbivores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:995-1007. [PMID: 31096429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] deposition and elevated ozone (O3) concentrations may negatively affect plants and trophic interactions. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the interactive effects of high (NH4)2SO4 load and elevated O3 levels on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) under field conditions. Cauliflower seedlings were treated with 0 (AS0) or 50 (AS50) kg ha-1 (NH4)2SO4 and exposed to ambient (AOZ, ≈20 ppb) or elevated (EOZ, ≈55 ppb) O3 for about one month, in a Free Air O3 Concentration Enrichment (FACE) system. The oligophagous diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758) showed a clear preference towards the seedlings treated with AS50, which intensively grazed. Plant-herbivore interactions were driven by (NH4)2SO4 availability, rather than O3, via increased nitrogen content in the leaves. Further laboratory bioassays were followed to confirm the validity of these observations using polyphagous Eri silkmoth larvae (Samia ricini) as a biological model in a standardized experimental setup. Choice assays, where larvae could select leaves among leaf samples from the different experimental conditions, and no-choice assays, where larvae could graze leaves from just one experimental condition, were conducted. In the choice assay, the larvae preferred AS50-treated leaves, in agreement with the field observations with diamondback moth. In the no-choice assay, larval body mass growth was inhibited when fed with leaves treated with EOZ and/or AS50. Larvae fed with AS50-treated leaves displayed increased mortality. These observations coincide with higher NO3 and Zn content in AS50-treated leaves. This study shows that plant-herbivore interactions can be driven by (NH4)2SO4 availability, independently of O3, and suggests that high N deposition may have severe health implications in animals consuming such plant tissues. Key message: Plant-herbivore interactions are driven by high (NH4)2SO4 availability, independently of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Yu WaiLi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; Pathein University, Pathein, Ayeyarwady, Myanmar
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, ELGO - DEMETER, PO Box 60458, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kotaro Konno
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita ku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Nakashima M, Sugie C, Wang Z, Kondo T, Manabe Y, Murai T, Shibamoto Y. Biological Effects of Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation in Silkworms and Mice: Growth Promotion and Tumor Transplantability. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818811753. [PMID: 30479589 PMCID: PMC6247495 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818811753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that continuous low-dose-rate irradiation promoted the growth of silkworm larvae. This study aimed to confirm that finding, determine the optimal dose rate for growth promotion, and compare low- and high-dose-rate irradiation in silkworms, while also investigating the effects of the radiation-emitting sheet on growth and tumor transplantability in mice. Silkworm eggs were placed on low-dose-emitting sheets with 4 different dose rates (γ-ray rate: 1.7 -22.4 μSv/hour) or on control sheets. The other groups of silkworm larvae received single whole-body X-irradiation (0.1-50 Gy), and subsequent body weight changes were monitored. Starting at 3 weeks old, Balb/c mice were bred on the same sheets, and body weight change was measured. Seven weeks later, the mice were used to investigate the transplantability of EMT6 tumor cells cultured in vitro. The silkworms bred on the 13.4- and 22.4-μSv/hour sheets became larger than the control. Single 50-Gy irradiation suppressed the growth of silkworms. An increase in the time to EMT6 tumor development was observed in low-dose-rate-irradiated mice. This study confirmed growth promotion of silkworms by continuous low-dose radiation and demonstrated growth suppression at a high dose rate. Growth promotion was not observed in mice; further studies using higher dose-rate sheets may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikao Sugie
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuhito Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taro Murai
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Shibamoto Y, Nakamura H. Overview of Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Evidence of Radiation Hormesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2387. [PMID: 30104556 PMCID: PMC6121451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of low-dose radiation are being increasingly investigated in biological, epidemiological, and clinical studies. Many recent studies have indicated the beneficial effects of low doses of radiation, whereas some studies have suggested harmful effects even at low doses. This review article introduces various studies reporting both the beneficial and harmful effects of low-dose radiation, with a critique on the extent to which respective studies are reliable. Epidemiological studies are inherently associated with large biases, and it should be evaluated whether the observed differences are due to radiation or other confounding factors. On the other hand, well-controlled laboratory studies may be more appropriate to evaluate the effects of low-dose radiation. Since the number of such laboratory studies is steadily increasing, it will be concluded in the near future whether low-dose radiation is harmful or beneficial and whether the linear-no-threshold (LNT) theory is appropriate. Many recent biological studies have suggested the induction of biopositive responses such as increases in immunity and antioxidants by low-dose radiation. Based on recent as well as classical studies, the LNT theory may be out of date, and low-dose radiation may have beneficial effects depending on the conditions; otherwise, it may have no effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Nakamura
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Saito Yukokai Hospital, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.
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