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Chu J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Gong B, Ji W, Yin T, Gao C, Liangwen D, Hao M, Chen C, Zhuang J, Gao J, Yin Y. Biomaterials-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:100-115. [PMID: 37488851 PMCID: PMC10479833 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms, they do not delay disease progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs. The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear, but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; hence, targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function, promote neuroregeneration, reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease, and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neurosteroids, and plant extracts); macromolecule drugs (e.g., peptides, proteins, and gene therapeutics); and nanocarriers (e.g., lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and inorganic nanoparticles) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqi Liangwen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimin Chen
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Crossing the blood-brain barrier: A review on drug delivery strategies using colloidal carrier systems. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105017. [PMID: 33887377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier represents the major challenge for delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). It separates the blood circulation from the brain tissue, thereby protecting the CNS and maintaining its ion homeostasis. Unfortunately, most drugs are not able to cross this barrier in vivo despite promising in vitro results. One approach to solve this problem is the delivery of drugs via surface modified nanocarrier systems. This review will give an overview on currently tested systems, mainly liposomes and solid nanoparticles and inform about new developments.
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Central nervous system delivery of molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104952. [PMID: 33400964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapies targeting neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases are hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). During the last decades, several approaches have been developed to overcome the BBB, such as the use of nanoparticles (NPs) based on biomaterials, or alternative methods to open the BBB. In this review, we briefly highlight these strategies and the most recent advances in this field. Limitations and advantages of each approach are discussed. Combination of several methods such as functionalized NPs targeting the receptor-mediated transcytosis system with the use of magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) might be a promising strategy to develop theranostic tools as well as to safely deliver therapeutic molecules, such as drugs, neurotrophic factors or antibodies within the brain parenchyma.
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