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Öztan G, Bozbuğa N, İşsever H, Oğuz F, Canıaz İ, Yazıksız N, Ertan M, Alpagut İU. Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome Profiles in Patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:19. [PMID: 38275601 PMCID: PMC10815726 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) causes vascular insufficiency due to chronic inflammation and abrupt thrombosis of the medium and small arteries of the extremities. In our study, we aimed to determine biomarkers for the diagnosis of TAO by evaluating 15 male TAO patients with Shinoya diagnostic criteria and 5 healthy controls who did not have TAO-related symptoms in their family histories. METHODS The Clariom D Affymetrix platform was used to conduct microarray analysis on total RNA extracted from whole blood. A total of 477 genes (FC ≤ 5 or >5) common to the fifteen patient and five control samples were selected using comparative microarray analysis; among them, 79 genes were upregulated and 398 genes were downregulated. RESULTS According to FC ≤ 10 or >10, in the same TAO patient and control group, 13 genes out of 28 were upregulated, whereas 15 genes were downregulated. The 11 key genes identified according to their mean log2FC values were PLP2, RPL27A, CCL4, FMNL1, EGR1, EIF4A1, RPL9, LAMP2, RNF149, EIF4G2, and DGKZ. The genes were ranked according to their relative expression as follows: FMNL1 > RNF149 > RPL27A > EIF4G2 > EIF4A1 > LAMP2 > EGR1 > PLP2 > DGKZ > RPL9 > CCL4. Using protein-protein interaction network analysis, RPL9, RPL27A, and RPL32 were found to be closely related to EIF4G2 and EIF4A1. The Reactome pathway found pathways linked to 28 genes. These pathways included the immune system, cellular responses to stress, cytokine signaling in the immune system, and signaling by ROBO receptors. CONCLUSIONS By figuring out the protein expression levels of the genes that have been found to explain how TAO disease works at the molecular level, it will be possible to figure out how well these chosen transcripts can diagnose and predict the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Öztan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nilgün Bozbuğa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.B.); (İ.C.); (N.Y.); (M.E.); (İ.U.A.)
| | - Halim İşsever
- Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Fatma Oğuz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - İrem Canıaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.B.); (İ.C.); (N.Y.); (M.E.); (İ.U.A.)
| | - Nilgün Yazıksız
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.B.); (İ.C.); (N.Y.); (M.E.); (İ.U.A.)
| | - Melike Ertan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.B.); (İ.C.); (N.Y.); (M.E.); (İ.U.A.)
| | - İbrahim Ufuk Alpagut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Topkapi, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.B.); (İ.C.); (N.Y.); (M.E.); (İ.U.A.)
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Chen Q, Chen J, Li J, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Liu Z. Recent advances of oxidative stress in thromboangiitis obliterans: biomolecular mechanisms, biomarkers, sources and clinical applications. Thromb Res 2023; 230:64-73. [PMID: 37639784 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as a key factor in the development of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO). The detection of OS levels in clinical and scientific research practice is mainly based on the measurement of oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and lipid peroxides. These markers are typically assessed through a combination of physical and chemical methods. Smoking is known to the state of OS in TAO, and OS levels are significantly increased in smokers due to inadequate antioxidant protection, which leads to the expression of apoptotic proteins and subsequent cell injury, thrombosis and limb ischemia. There, understanding the role of OS in the pathogenesis of TAO may provide insights into the etiology of TAO and a basis for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiahua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Michaeli JC, Albers S, de la Torre C, Schreiner Y, Faust S, Michaeli T, Michaeli DT, Liying A, Krämer BK, Stach K, Yard BA. Gene regulation for inflammation and inflammation resolution differs between umbilical arterial and venous endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16159. [PMID: 37758738 PMCID: PMC10533526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation affects the whole vasculature, yet whether arterial and venous endothelial cells differ in their abilities to mediate inflammation and to return to homeostasis after an inflammatory stimulus has not been addressed thoroughly. We assessed gene-expression profiles in isolated endothelial cells from human umbilical arteries (HUAEC) or veins (HUVEC) under basal conditions, after TNF-α stimulation and various time points after TNF-α removal to allow reinstatement of homeostasis. TNF-α regulates the expression of different sets of transcripts that are significantly changed only in HUAEC, only in HUVEC or changed in both. We identified three types of gene regulation, i.e. genes that were significantly regulated after 24 h of TNF-α stimulation but no longer when TNF-α was removed (homeostatic regulation), genes that maintained significantly regulated after TNF-α removal (not homeostatic regulation) and genes that were only significantly regulated when TNF-α was removed (post-regulation). HUAEC and HUVEC quantitatively differed in these types of gene regulation, with relatively more genes being post-regulated in HUAEC. In conclusion our data demonstrate that HUAEC and HUVEC respond intrinsically different to an inflammatory insult. Whether this holds true for all endothelial cells and its relevance for inflammatory insults in different organs during systemic inflammation warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Caroline Michaeli
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Albers
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sport Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiner
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sara Faust
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Michaeli
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Tobias Michaeli
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - An Liying
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ksenija Stach
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany.
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Bink DI, Pauli J, Maegdefessel L, Boon RA. Endothelial microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular ageing. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:99-106. [PMID: 37059656 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and numerous other cardiovascular diseases develop in an age-dependent manner. The endothelial cells that line the vessel walls play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Non-coding RNA like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are known to play an important role in endothelial function and are implicated in the disease progression. Here, we summarize several microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that are known to have an altered expression with endothelial aging and discuss their role in endothelial cell function and senescence. These processes contribute to aging-induced atherosclerosis development and by targeting the non-coding RNAs controlling endothelial cell function and senescence, atherosclerosis can potentially be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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Minjares M, Wu W, Wang JM. Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cells under Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:1341. [PMID: 37174741 PMCID: PMC10177439 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical oxygen intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds the buffering capacity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur. EC dysfunction shifts the vascular system into a pro-coagulative, proinflammatory state, thereby increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases and metabolic disorders. Studies have turned to the investigation of microRNA treatment for CV risk factors, as these post-transcription regulators are known to co-regulate ROS. In this review, we will discuss ROS pathways and generation, normal endothelial cell physiology and ROS-induced dysfunction, and the current knowledge of common metabolic disorders and their connection to oxidative stress. Therapeutic strategies based on microRNAs in response to oxidative stress and microRNA's regulatory roles in controlling ROS will also be explored. It is important to gain an in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms generating ROS and how manipulating these enzymatic byproducts can protect endothelial cell function from oxidative stress and prevent the development of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Minjares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Wendy Wu
- Vera P Shiffman Medical Library, Wayne State University, 320 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 320 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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microRNAs Associated with Carotid Plaque Development and Vulnerability: The Clinician's Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415645. [PMID: 36555285 PMCID: PMC9779323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) related to atherosclerosis of large arteries is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in developed countries. Atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) contributes to 20% of all cerebral ischemia cases. Nowadays, atherosclerosis prevention and treatment measures aim at controlling the atherosclerosis risk factors, or at the interventional (surgical or endovascular) management of mature occlusive lesions. There is a definite lack of the established circulating biomarkers which, once modulated, could prevent development of atherosclerosis, and consequently prevent the carotid-artery-related IS. Recent studies emphasize that microRNA (miRNA) are the emerging particles that could potentially play a pivotal role in this approach. There are some research studies on the association between the expression of small non-coding microRNAs with a carotid plaque development and vulnerability. However, the data remain inconsistent. In addition, all major studies on carotid atherosclerotic plaque were conducted on cell culture or animal models; very few were conducted on humans, whereas the accumulating evidence demonstrates that it cannot be automatically extrapolated to processes in humans. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current knowledge on how miRNA participate in the process of carotid plaque formation and rupture, as well as stroke occurrence. We discuss potential target miRNA that could be used as a prognostic or therapeutic tool.
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Xu M, Ye J, Wang Y, Chu K, Péré M, Xu M, Tang X, Fu J. Vitamin E performs antioxidant effect via PAP retrograde signaling pathway in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:918-924. [PMID: 35863536 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) is a ubiquitous phosphoric acid and a natural inhibitor of the XRN (5'-3'exoribonuclease) family. It was proved to enter the nucleus through the retrograde signaling pathway and inhibit XRN2 to prevent the degradation of miRNA precursors, thus promoting the anti-oxidation miRNA level in Arabidopsis thaliana. Vitamin E (tocopherol) was proved to promote the accumulation of PAP in the plant, which facilitates PAP into the nucleus to accomplish its antioxidant function. However, the relationship between VE and PAP in animals is unclear. To identify the relationship between VE and PAP and to uncover the function of PAP in fish, we investigated the performance of VE and PAP in Nile tilapia by comparing the antioxidant indicators (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT), the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, and the miRNA expression profiles. Results showed that the antioxidant effect of VE and PAP showed similar character either in tilapia liver or in serum: the activities of GSH-Px and CAT of both groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the SOD activity of the VE group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and although the result of the PAP group was not so significant (P > 0.05), PAP improved the SOD level, too. The two groups also showed similar character in the tilapia liver; both did not significantly increase the liver δ-VE content (P > 0.05). However, VE significantly increased the content of α-VE and γ-VE (P < 0.05), while the PAP group was insignificant (P > 0.05). Feed with VE and intraperitoneal injection of PAPs reagent both increased the PAP content in the liver of tilapia, and the effect of the VE group was more significant (P < 0.05) than that of the PAP group (P > 0.05). Both groups reduced the expression of Keap1 and Cullin3 genes and improved the level of HO-1 gene expression, with the improved miRNA level of Nrf2. As a logical result, they decreased the expression of XRN1 and XRN2. By profile sequencing, we further identified some antioxidant closely related miRNAs shared in the VE and PAP groups, including miR-30, miR-24, miR-19b, and miR-100. By comparing the regulating mechanism of VE and PAP of feed supply and intraperitoneal injection, we proved that VE and PAP were closely related in fish; VE promoted the gathering of PAP. The latter retrograded into the nucleus of the fish liver to inhibit the expression of XRN genes and to up-regulate antioxidant miRNA levels as it does in plants. Only the PAP can accomplish the antioxidant activities, while VE promotes the process. Our study laid the foundation for the application of PAP as a new antioxidant agent in fish farming and benefit a further understanding of the VE antioxidant function in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Xu
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Modern Agricultural (Quality and Safety of Aquatic Products) Industrial Technology R&D Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Ye
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kejie Chu
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Maxime Péré
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- Guangdong Modern Agricultural (Quality and Safety of Aquatic Products) Industrial Technology R&D Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuelian Tang
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jinghua Fu
- Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Chen L, Liu X, Li Z, Wang J, Tian R, Zhang H. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome mRNA and miRNA Profiles Reveals Self-Protective Mechanism of Bovine MECs Induced by LPS. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:890043. [PMID: 35812870 PMCID: PMC9260119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.890043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the molecular crosstalk between mastitis-pathogens and cows by either miRNA or mRNA profiles. Here, we employed both miRNA and mRNA profiles to understand the mechanisms of the response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by RNA-Seq. The total expression level of miRNAs increased while mRNAs reduced after LPS treatment. About 41 differentially expressed mRNAs and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs involved in inflammation were screened out. We found the NFκB-dependent chemokine, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL6, IL8, and CX3CL1 to be strongly induced. The anti-apoptosis was active because BCL2A1 and BIRC3 significantly increased with a higher expression. The effects of anti-microbe and inflammation were weakly activated because TNF, IL1, CCL20, CFB, S100A, MMP9, and NOS2A significantly increased but with a low expression, IL6 and β-defensin decreased. These activities were supervised by the NFKBIA to avoid excessive damage to bMECs. The bta-let-7a-5p, bta-miR-30a-5p, bta-miR-125b, and bta-miR-100 were essential to regulate infection process in bMECs after LPS induction. Moreover, the lactation potential of bMECs was undermined due to significantly downregulated SOSTDC1, WNT7B, MSX1, and bta-miR-2425-5p. In summary, bMECs may not be good at going head-to-head with the pathogens; they seem to be mainly charged with sending out signals for help and anti-apoptosis for maintaining lives after LPS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Liu
| | - Zhixiong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Rongfu Tian
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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