1
|
Zhang X, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Tong WK, Xia Q, Han B, Guo N. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary healthcare practitioners regarding pharmacist clinics: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:677. [PMID: 38811999 PMCID: PMC11134695 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacist clinics offer professional pharmaceutical services that can improve public health outcomes. However, primary healthcare staff in China face various barriers and challenges in implementing such clinics. To identify existing problems and provide recommendations for the implementation of pharmacist clinics, this study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pharmacist clinics among primary healthcare providers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) model, was conducted in community health centers (CHCs) and private hospitals in Shanghai, China in May, 2023. Descriptive analytics and the Pareto principle were used to multiple-answer questions. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pharmacist clinics. RESULTS A total of 223 primary practitioners participated in the survey. Our study revealed that most of them had limited knowledge (60.1%, n = 134) but a positive attitude (82.9%, n = 185) towards pharmacist clinics, with only 17.0% (n = 38) having implemented them. The primary goal of pharmacist clinics was to provide comprehensive medication guidance (31.5%, n = 200), with medication education (26.3%, n = 202) being the primary service, and special populations (24.5%, n = 153) identified as key recipients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that education, age, occupation, position, work seniority, and institution significantly influenced their perceptions. Practitioners with bachelor's degrees, for instance, were more likely than those with less education to recognize the importance of pharmacist clinics in medication guidance (aOR: 7.130, 95%CI: 1.809-28.099, p-value = 0.005) and prescription reviews (aOR: 4.675, 95% CI: 1.548-14.112, p-value = 0.006). Additionally, practitioners expressed positive attitudes but low confidence, with only 33.3% (n = 74) feeling confident in implementation. The confidence levels of male practitioners surpassed those of female practitioners (p-value = 0.037), and practitioners from community health centers (CHCs) exhibited higher confidence compared to their counterparts in private hospitals (p-value = 0.008). Joint physician-pharmacist clinics (36.8%, n = 82) through collaboration with medical institutions (52.0%, n = 116) emerged as the favored modality. Daily sessions were preferred (38.5%, n = 86), and both registration and pharmacy service fees were considered appropriate for payment (42.2%, n = 94). The primary challenge identified was high outpatient workload (30.9%, n = 69). CONCLUSIONS Although primary healthcare practitioners held positive attitudes towards pharmacist clinics, limited knowledge, low confidence, and high workload contributed to the scarcity of their implementation. Practitioners with diverse sociodemographic characteristics, such as education, age, and institution, showed varying perceptions and practices regarding pharmacist clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zhijia Tang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China
| | - Wai Kei Tong
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xia
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Guo
- Minhang Hospital & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olufemi-Yusuf DT, Kung JY, Guirguis LM. Medication reviews in community pharmacy: a scoping review of policy, practice and research in Canada. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This scoping review aims to systematically map the empirical evidence on publicly funded medication reviews provided by community pharmacists in Canada and identify gaps that could inform future research directions.
Methods
We used a scoping review framework and PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews to conduct the study. Three electronic databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 until August 2020. Data was charted on study characteristics, and a thematic synthesis was performed.
Key findings
Of 41 original studies included, most were conducted in Ontario (n = 21). Majority of the studies employed quantitative designs (70%). Five major themes identified were program uptake, patient health outcomes, stakeholder beliefs and attitudes, processes and collaboration and pharmacy workplace culture, which varied considerably. At the individual, organizational and policy levels, many factors were interrelated and influenced the implementation of reimbursed medication reviews by community pharmacists. Gaps in eligibility policy highlighted some patients who may have complex needs are excluded. Variation in clinical outcomes may relate to different types of medication review and pharmacist practice across Canada. Few researchers evaluated eligibility criteria, the impact of policy changes, strategies to engage patients and healthcare professionals, patient–pharmacist communication or compared practice models of medication reviews. About 12% of the research applied a theoretical framework.
Summary
Publicly funded medication reviews in Canadian community pharmacies reduce medication-related problems and potentially improve patient health outcomes. Future research and policies could consider addressing barriers and exploring models for sustainable delivery of high-quality medication reviews internationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damilola T Olufemi-Yusuf
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice Y Kung
- Public Services Librarian, John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lisa M Guirguis
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schindel TJ, Hughes CA, Makhinova T, Daniels JS. Drawing out experience: Arts-informed qualitative research exploring public perceptions of community pharmacy services. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2200-2212. [PMID: 33827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In many countries around the world, people go to community pharmacies to receive primary health care services. Awareness of public views and experiences may help to identify opportunities for greater uptake of primary health care services provided by pharmacists and ways to improve care. Arts-informed research offers the possibility to provide additional insights into public perceptions of community pharmacy services. The purpose of this exploratory study is to describe the process and results of an arts-informed research project using an adapted version of the draw and write technique in combination with focus group interviews to explore public perceptions of community pharmacy services. The draw and write technique was introduced as an introductory activity to evoke a visual expression of participants' perceptions and experiences with community pharmacy services. Participants were invited to answer the question, "What do community pharmacy services mean to you?" in the form of a drawing and words. They were then prompted to discuss their drawings in a focus group interview. This approach resulted in rich visual and textual data. Analysis consisted of a combination of manual sorting of the visual data and examination of the focus group interview data that were transcribed verbatim, anonymized, and analyzed using an inductive comparative approach. NVIVO version 12 software was used to code and manage all data. Use of the draw and write technique elicited initial, fresh perspectives about community pharmacy services prior to discussions with participants in the focus group interviews. This approach allowed researchers to access a diverse range of experiences and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-35 Medical Sciences Building, 8613 - 114 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Christine A Hughes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-35 Medical Sciences Building, 8613 - 114 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Tatiana Makhinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-35 Medical Sciences Building, 8613 - 114 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Jason S Daniels
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11404 - 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anosike C, Adibe MO, Isah A, Ukoha-Kalu OB. Willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided home telemonitoring among patients with chronic diseases in Enugu metropolis. Health Informatics J 2019; 26:829-840. [PMID: 31195915 DOI: 10.1177/1460458219852534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Home telemonitoring is a promising approach in the management of patients with chronic diseases. However, no study has assessed its acceptability and possible service charge in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided telemonitoring among patients with chronic diseases and to explore its determinants. Hence, using the contingent valuation method, a cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible patients visiting 15 selected community pharmacies in Enugu metropolis, over a period of 3 months. Of the 335 patients who participated in the study, about 40 percent (i.e. 39.4%) were willing to pay an average monthly fee of ₦915.91 ± 485.49 (US$2.99 ± 1.59) for home telemonitoring services. Significant predictors of willingness to pay for home telemonitoring were perceived insufficient income (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval = 0.07-0.60, p = 0.040) and health insurance status (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.18-0.86, p = 0.019). Our findings suggest a promising potential for adopting home telemonitoring services among patients with chronic diseases in Enugu metropolis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jaber D, Aburuz S, Hammad EA, El-Refae H, Basheti IA. Patients' attitude and willingness to pay for pharmaceutical care: An international message from a developing country. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 15:1177-1182. [PMID: 30337178 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since patients are essential partners in determining priorities and resource allocation in the healthcare system, considerable efforts have been made to shift the focus of pharmacy profession from drug dispensing to patient-oriented care. Accordingly, the assessment of patient-oriented care has become a prominent method to evaluate the quality of the healthcare services delivered and willingness to pay (WTP) to receive them. OBJECTIVE(S) To determine patients' attitude towards pharmaceutical care services among general population in Jordan and their WTP for this service. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Jordan over a period of six months. A contingent valuation method was used, with closed-ended questions to elicit participants' attitudes and WTP for pharmaceutical care services. RESULTS A total of 223 participants were interviewed. Most of the participants showed a positive attitude towards pharmaceutical care services, with an average attitude score of 0.82 (±0.19). Almost 96.0% of participants believed that pharmacists must be committed to more counseling roles than dispensary activities. The majority of participants (194, 87.0%) expressed their interest in pharmacists checking their medications at least once per month. Most of the participants (212, (95.1%) believed that the pharmacist should be reimbursed for providing a pharmaceutical care service that would potentially reduce medication-related problems (MRPs) by 50%. Of these, 208 (93.3%) participants were willing to pay out of their pockets an average maximum amount of $3.95 (±4.23) for the pharmaceutical care services they may receive to reduce 50% of the risk of MRPs. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that Jordanian people have a supportive attitude regarding pharmacists' abilities in providing pharmaceutical care services in addition to dispensing. Majority of participants in this study were willing to pay for pharmaceutical care services that would reduce the risk of MRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deema Jaber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Salah Aburuz
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan; College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Eman A Hammad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Huda El-Refae
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Iman A Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al Aqeel S, Hiligsmann M. Applying a best-worst scaling methodology to prioritise important attributes of counselling from community pharmacy users’ perspective, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinaa Al Aqeel
- Clinical Pharmacy Department; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mickael Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research; CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ryan K, Patel N, Lau WM, Abu-Elmagd H, Stretch G, Pinney H. Pharmacists in general practice: a qualitative interview case study of stakeholders' experiences in a West London GP federation. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:234. [PMID: 29609603 PMCID: PMC5879559 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased patient demand for healthcare services coupled with a shortage of general practitioners necessitates changes in professional roles and service delivery. In 2016, NHS England began a 3-year- pilot study of pharmacists in general practice, however, this is not an entirely new initiative. There is limited, current, evidence-based, UK research to inform the pilot so studies of pre-existing services must suffice until findings from a formal national evaluation are available. Methods The aim of this exploratory, descriptive interview study was to explore the experiences of stakeholders in eight general practices in the Ealing GP Federation, West London, where pharmacy services have been provided for several years. Forty-seven participants, including pharmacy team members (pre-registration and clinical pharmacists, independent prescribers and pharmacy technicians), general practitioners, patients, practice managers, practice nurses and receptionists took part in semi-structured, audio-recorded qualitative interviews which were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed thematically to extract the issues raised by participants and the practicalities of providing pharmacy services in general practice. Results Findings are reported under the themes of Complementarity (incorporating roles, skills, education and workloads); Integration (incorporating relationships, trust and communication) and Practicalities (incorporating location and space, access, and costs). Participants reported the need for time to develop and understand the various roles, develop communication processes and build inter-professional trust. Once these were established, however, experiences were positive and included decreased workloads, increased patient safety, improved job satisfaction, improved patient relationships, and enhanced cost savings. Areas for improvement included patients’ awareness of services; pharmacists’ training; and regular, onsite access for practice staff to the pharmacy team. Conclusions Recommendations are made for the development of clear role definitions, identification of training needs, dedication of time for team building, production of educational materials for practice staff members and patients, and provision of on-site, full-time pharmacy services. Future work should focus on evaluation of various models of employing pharmacy teams in general practice; integration of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians into multidisciplinary general practice teams; relationships between local community pharmacy and general practice personnel; and patients’ service and information needs. A formal national evaluation of the pilot scheme is overdue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3056-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kath Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Nilesh Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Hamza Abu-Elmagd
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Graham Stretch
- Ealing GP Federation, 179C Bilton Road, Perivale, Greenford, Middlesex, UB6 7HQ, UK
| | - Helen Pinney
- Ealing GP Federation, 179C Bilton Road, Perivale, Greenford, Middlesex, UB6 7HQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Painter JT, Gressler L, Kathe N, Slabaugh SL, Blumenschein K. Consumer willingness to pay for pharmacy services: An updated review of the literature. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14:1091-1105. [PMID: 29398405 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying the value of pharmacy services is imperative for the profession as it works to establish an expanded role within evolving health care systems. The literature documents the work that many have contributed toward meeting this goal. To date, however, the preponderance of evidence evaluates the value of pharmacist services to third-party payers; few published studies address the value that consumers place on these services. OBJECTIVES In 1999, a review of studies that used the contingent valuation method to value pharmacy services was published. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an update of that review. METHODS Relevant studies published in the English language were identified searching MEDLINE, ECONLIT and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases from January 1999 to November 2017. Only studies that specifically elicited willingness to pay for a community pharmacist provided service from actual or potential consumers were included. RESULTS Thirty-one studies using the contingent valuation method to value pharmacy services were identified using the search strategy outlined. These studies included surveys in different demographic and geographic populations and valuing various pharmacy services. CONCLUSIONS Improving the quality of studies using contingent valuation to value pharmacy services will aid the profession in marketing pharmacy services to consumers, and may assist practitioners who wish to implement various pharmacy services in their practice settings. A limited number of studies have been conducted, but the quality of contingent valuation studies valuing pharmacist services is improving. Understanding the pharmacy services that consumers value, and understanding the level of their monetary willingness to pay for those services will be crucial as the profession continues to work toward establishing a sustainable and economically viable role within the evolving health care systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Painter
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Laura Gressler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Niranjan Kathe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Lane Slabaugh
- Competitive Health Analytics, Inc., Humana, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Karen Blumenschein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lakić D, Stević I, Odalović M, Vezmar-Kovačević S, Tadić I. Patients' willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist services in community pharmacies. Croat Med J 2017; 58:364-371. [PMID: 29094815 PMCID: PMC5733379 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the general population willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist service in community pharmacy, describe the behavior of participants regarding health care issues, and evaluate correlation between participants' sociodemographic characteristics or attitudes and their willingness to pay. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among general population visiting community pharmacies. The participants were asked about receiving cognitive pharmacist services to identify and resolve potential medication therapy problems after the initiation of a new medicine to optimize health outcomes of the patients. A univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze associations between different variables and willingness to pay for pharmacy service. RESULTS Of 444 respondents, 167 (38%) reported that they were willing to pay for a medication management service provided in the community pharmacy. Univariate analysis showed significant association between the willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided service and respondents' socio-demographic factors, health-related characteristics, and behavior, dilemmas, or need for certain pharmacist-provided service. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (χ2=4.599, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The respondents expressed their willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist services, which has not been fully recognized within the health care system. In future, pharmacists should focus on practical implementation of the service and models of funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Lakić
- Dragana Lakić, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 450 Vojvode Stepe Street, 11221 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang J, Rhew K, Oh JM, Han N, Lee IH, Je NK, Ji E, Lee E, Yoon JH, Rhie SJ. Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1381-1388. [PMID: 28860721 PMCID: PMC5565375 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s141562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.1, male:female: 104:116) was conducted. The questionnaire was structured to measure patients' degree of satisfaction and expressed needs using a 5-point Likert scale. Additionally, preferred duration, methods of service delivery, and willingness to pay were surveyed. Responses were analyzed using an ordinal regression method to predict factors that were related to pharmaceutical care services. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients had experienced pharmaceutical care services. Their satisfaction levels were high in all categories; however, there were no significant differences between categories. The levels of expressed needs were similar among categories without significant differences. The preferred delivery method was a face-to-face conversation combined with being provided with written information (53.2%). The preferred duration was ≤10 min (70.5%). About 48% of the patients showed willingness to pay for the service. Education level and region influenced patients' needs. CONCLUSION The satisfaction and needs of pharmaceutical care services was very positive; however, noticing only a third of patients experienced pharmaceutical care services, this may indicate a lack of awareness and less appreciation of pharmacists by patients. Details concerning patients' awareness and the value of pharmaceutical care services require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaYoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 5534 3775, Fax +82 51 513 6754, Email
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sandy Jeong Rhie, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 3371 3882, Fax +82 2 3277 2851, Email
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsao NW, Khakban A, Gastonguay L, Zafari Z, Lynd LD, Marra CA. Opinions and preferences of British Columbia pharmacists and physicians on medication management services. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2017; 150:42-51. [PMID: 28286592 PMCID: PMC5330418 DOI: 10.1177/1715163516671746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication management (MM) services are being provided by pharmacists across Canada in various forms, but pharmacist-physician collaboration is still not a routine practice in most jurisdictions. This survey aimed to gather pharmacists' and physicians' opinions and preferences for MM provision. METHODS Two parallel, cross-sectional online surveys, including best-worst scaling tasks, were designed for pharmacists and physicians in British Columbia to capture and compare their preferences for a number of attributes of MM. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 119 pharmacists and 146 physicians. Results indicate that pharmacists and physicians had similar opinions on many aspects of MM. Ninety-five percent of pharmacists and 69% of physicians believed that additional health services are needed to help patients optimize the use of their medications. However, the majority of each group felt that they were the most important health care professional in providing this service. Most pharmacists (79%) and some physicians (25%) thought that optimizing use of medications would result in both decreased costs and utilization to the health care system. Both pharmacists and physicians felt that the best attribute of an MM service would be if the services resulted in improved health and medication use for patients. Both groups were motivated by increased remuneration for MM; however, the relative strength of preference for this was higher among physicians. Interestingly, physicians valued improved medication adherence as a result of MM more highly than pharmacists did. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Most pharmacists and physicians agreed that improving patients' health and medication use would be the best attribute of MM and that there is a need for such services. However, physicians also had strong preferences for being remunerated for participating in MM provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole W. Tsao
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Tsao, Khakban, Gastonguay, Lynd), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Medicine (Zafari), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and the School of Pharmacy (Marra), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
| | - Amir Khakban
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Tsao, Khakban, Gastonguay, Lynd), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Medicine (Zafari), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and the School of Pharmacy (Marra), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
| | - Louise Gastonguay
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Tsao, Khakban, Gastonguay, Lynd), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Medicine (Zafari), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and the School of Pharmacy (Marra), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
| | - Zafar Zafari
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Tsao, Khakban, Gastonguay, Lynd), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Medicine (Zafari), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and the School of Pharmacy (Marra), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
| | - Larry D. Lynd
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Tsao, Khakban, Gastonguay, Lynd), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Department of Medicine (Zafari), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and the School of Pharmacy (Marra), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheung KL, Wijnen BFM, Hollin IL, Janssen EM, Bridges JF, Evers SMAA, Hiligsmann M. Using Best-Worst Scaling to Investigate Preferences in Health Care. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2016; 34:1195-1209. [PMID: 27402349 PMCID: PMC5110583 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-016-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Best-worst scaling (BWS) is becoming increasingly popular to elicit preferences in health care. However, little is known about current practice and trends in the use of BWS in health care. This study aimed to identify, review and critically appraise BWS in health care, and to identify trends over time in key aspects of BWS. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, using Medline (via Pubmed) and EMBASE to identify all English-language BWS studies published up until April 2016. Using a predefined extraction form, two reviewers independently selected articles and critically appraised the study quality, using the Purpose, Respondents, Explanation, Findings, Significance (PREFS) checklist. Trends over time periods (≤2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015) were assessed further. RESULTS A total of 62 BWS studies were identified, of which 26 were BWS object case studies, 29 were BWS profile case studies and seven were BWS multi-profile case studies. About two thirds of the studies were performed in the last 2 years. Decreasing sample sizes and decreasing numbers of factors in BWS object case studies, as well as use of less complicated analytical methods, were observed in recent studies. The quality of the BWS studies was generally acceptable according to the PREFS checklist, except that most studies did not indicate whether the responders were similar to the non-responders. CONCLUSION Use of BWS object case and BWS profile case has drastically increased in health care, especially in the last 2 years. In contrast with previous discrete-choice experiment reviews, there is increasing use of less sophisticated analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Long Cheung
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Research School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben F M Wijnen
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Research School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Ilene L Hollin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ellen M Janssen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John F Bridges
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia M A A Evers
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Research School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Research School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|