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Anogeianaki A, Angelucci D, Cianchetti E, D'alessandro M, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Salini V, Caraffa A, Teté S, Conti F, Tripodi D, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y. Atherosclerosis: A Classic Inflammatory Disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:817-25. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease due to a diet high in saturated fat, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hypoglycemia, etc. mainly mediated by the infiltration of macrophage and T cells into the vascular wall. Once the endothelial is damaged monocytes penetrate the tissue and are transformed in scavenger cells. Upon stimulation of Th1 cells, a group of cytokines is released and contributes to the inflammatory response of atherosclerotic tissue. When macrophages proliferate they amplify inflammatory response through the secretion of growth factors and cytokines such as TNF and IL-1. In addition, chemokines such as RANTES and other C-C chemokines are generated, and matrix metalloprotinease 9 (MMP-9) are produced by activated monocytes. However, the immune system in atherosclerosis still remains unclear. Here, in this study we revisited the inter-relationship between atherosclerosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Anogeianaki
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Angelucci
- Anatomo Pathology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Teté
- Departmentof Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Departmentof Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Saggini A, Anogeianaki A, Maccauro G, Teté S, Salini V, Caraffa A, Conti F, Fulcheri M, Galzio R, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y. Cholesterol, Cytokines and Diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:567-81. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high level of cholesterol is associated with obesity, cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Immune response in atherosclerosis is mediated by chemokines which attract monocytes, leading to the innate immune response characterised by the production of cytokines. The immunoregulatory cytokines are an important bridge between innate and adductive immunity. TH1 cytokines are involved as effector T cells in inflammatory response, while TH2 cytokines can be anti-inflammatory such as IL-10 and IL-4. It is well known that statins enhance the production of TH2 cytokines whereas the secretion of TH1 cytokines is suppressed. For this purpose, we studied the significance of anti-inflammatory effect and suppression of inflammation by statins. In this paper we revisited the role of cholesterol and cytokines IL-18, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Anogeianaki
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Teté
- School of Dentistry, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Fulcheri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - R. Galzio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Panni AS, Vasso M, Cerciello S, Maccauro G. Metallosis following Knee Arthroplasty: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:711-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallosis represents a rare and severe complication of knee replacement surgery. It is caused by the infiltration and accumulation of metallic debris into the peri-prosthetic structures, deriving from friction between metallic prosthetic components. In knee arthroplasty, this event generally occurs as a result of polyethylene wear of the tibial or metal-back patellar component. The real incidence of metallosis is still unknown, although it seems to be more frequent in hip than in knee arthroplasty. The metallic debris induces a massive release of cytokines from inflammatory cells, making a revision necessary whenever osteolysis and loosening of the prosthesis occur. We report four patients who underwent revision of their knee arthroplasty because of severe metallosis. In one of these patients, polyethylene wear had determined friction between the metal-back patellar component and the anterior portion of the femoral component. In the remaining three cases, metallosis was caused by friction between the femoral and tibial prosthetic metal surfaces, resulting from full-thickness wear of the tibial polyethylene. T lymphocytes were activated by metal particles present in periprosthetic membranes. In all patients, one-stage revision was necessary, with rapid pain disappearance and a complete functional recovery of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Vasso
- Department of Science for Health, University of Molise, Campobasso
| | - S. Cerciello
- Department of Science for Health, University of Molise, Campobasso
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Saggini A, Anogeianaki A, Maccauro G, Teté S, Salini V, Caraffa A, Conti P, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y. What You Should Know about Escherichia Coli Infection. EUR J INFLAMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1100900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As in Northern Germany there have recently been several deaths caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli), we decided to revisit the effects of E.coli infection. Since this bacteria is the most numerous facultative and aerobic germ in the human intestine, we would like to warn the population of its pathogenicity. In fact, E.coli can be pathogenic both in humans and in animals and can start an inflammatory process, activating some factors of the cell nucleus such as NFkB, with the consequent production of cytokines. E.coli can appear in several strains and can be very aggressive and can contaminate food, water and the environment, causing severe disease, and in some cases death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Anogeianaki
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Teté
- School of Dentistry, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Conti
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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