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Malcangi G, Patano A, Palmieri G, Riccaldo L, Pezzolla C, Mancini A, Inchingolo AD, Di Venere D, Piras F, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, Inchingolo AM. Oral Piercing: A Pretty Risk-A Scoping Review of Local and Systemic Complications of This Current Widespread Fashion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095744. [PMID: 37174261 PMCID: PMC10177791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Piercing insertion is a common practice among people of all ages for different reasons (e.g., esthetics, culture, religion). In the oral cavity, the jewel can be placed in the lips, cheeks, tongue, and frenulum. The presence of an oral piercing could cause local and systemic complications in the short term. In the long term, irreversible damage may occur to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Different authors in the past have produced publications focusing on this issue. This study analyzes 10 published articles sourced from online databases according to the PRISMA flowchart. These articles were chosen from the 501 suitable papers initially found. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used as the online databases for searching for papers that matched the topic, using the keywords "complication" and "oral piercing". The purpose of this review is to describe and analyze all possible complications related to the presence of a piercing in the mouth. Local and systemic complications are related to the presence of plaque and localized pathogenic micro-organisms that can spread via the bloodstream, although they rarely occur in patients without predisposing conditions. Maintaining proper oral hygiene and frequent check-ups are essential to avoid the onset of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Lilla Riccaldo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Pezzolla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Passos PF, Pintor AVB, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Campos T, Abrahão AC, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, Primo LG, Visconti MA. Oral manifestations arising from oral piercings: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:327-341. [PMID: 35773168 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of oral manifestations arising from oral piercings. STUDY DESIGN Literature was searched through January 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar to address the question, "Is there an association between oral piercings and oral alterations, complications, or lesions?" Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Meta-analyses were performed, and certainty of evidence was assessed through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Fifty-four studies were included, with 15 achieving good methodological quality. Periodontal and tooth damage were the most reported, followed by soft tissue/mucosal injuries, speech disorders, chewing, soft plaque, and saliva. Pain was the most reported complication, followed by infection, swelling, bleeding, inflammation, allergy, and adornment aspiration. Meta-analyses revealed that 33% of participants with piercings had gingival recession (GR) (event rate [ER] = 0.329). In participants with piercings, ER values for nonspecified dental damage (NSDD), tooth chipping, wear/abrasion, and dental fracture (DF) were 27% (ER = 0.270), 22% (ER = 0.219), 34% (ER = 0.344), and 34% (ER = 0.338), respectively. Certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS Alterations, complications, and lesions were associated with oral piercings and adornments, of which GR, DF, and NSDD were the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fernandes Passos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Vaz Braga Pintor
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Thamyres Campos
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Corrêa Abrahão
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Guimarães Primo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta Visconti
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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D'Ercole S, Tieri M, Martinelli D, Tripodi D. The effect of swimming on oral health status: competitive versus non-competitive athletes. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:107-13. [PMID: 27119757 PMCID: PMC4836916 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Young swimmers are particularly susceptible to the onset of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Tieri
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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Giuca MR, Pasini M, Tecco S, Giuca G, Marzo G. Levels of salivary immunoglobulins and periodontal evaluation in smoking patients. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:5. [PMID: 24502245 PMCID: PMC3918004 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-15-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the level of salivary immunoglobulins and periodontal status in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods Unstimulated saliva of 30 subjects (mean age 24.2 ± 3.5 years) who were smokers (test group) and of 30 subjects (mean age 25.3 ± 3.8 years) who were non-smokers (control group) was collected and centrifugated; IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured with the colorimetric immunoenzymatic method. Moreover, the following periodontal clinical parameters were recorded for each subject: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results A significantly (p< 0.05) lower Ig level was observed in smoking patients (IgA: 20.0 ± 1.2 mg/dl; IgM: 19.5 ± 1.6 mg/dl; IgG: 8.1 ± 1.4 mg/dl) compared to levels in the non-smoking control group (IgA: 234.1 ± 65.2 mg/dl; IgM: 121.0 ± 31.7 mg/dl; IgG: 1049.4 ± 102 mg/dl). In the test group, PI (2.2 ± 0.3), GI (2.4 ±0.5), PD (49.3 ± 9.2%), and CAL (49.3 ± 4.6%) were higher (p< 0.05) than those observed in the control group (PI: 0.8 ± 0.4; GI: 0.7 ± 0.3; PD: 10.6 ± 2.4%; CAL: 3.1 ± 0.8%). Conclusion Smoking subjects showed lower levels of salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM and a worse periodontal condition than non-smoking subjects. On the base of our study, as smoking subjects also had lower levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in their saliva than non-smoking subjects, despite the fact that there is little evidence that the salivary Igs have a protective action against periodontitis and that the whole saliva does not result in whole from the salivary glands, it can be concluded that the deteriorated periodontal health conditions of these patients can be attributed in part to a lowering of the host’s defense due to a decrease in the quantity of Igs in salivary fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simona Tecco
- University of L'Aquila, School of Orthodontics, Pescara, Via Le Mainarde 26, Pescara IT 65124, Italy.
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Tetè S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Salini V, Cianchetti E, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Castellani ML, Pandolfi F, Frydas S, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Endothelial cells, cholesterol, cytokines, and aging. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:355-63. [PMID: 22697067 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and shorter life. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process. Accumulation of lipids in vascular endothelium activates leukocytes to produce cytokines and chemokines which recruit macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages augment inflammatory response and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor, a key cytokine that mediates angiogenesis and inflammatory response. In addition, hyperlipidaemia is one of the main risk factors for aging, hypertension and diabetes. Here, we review the interrelationship between endothelial cells, high level of cholesterol, and aging.
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Maccauro G, Tripodi D, Saggini A, Conti F, Cianchetti E, Angelucci D, Rosati M, Toniato E, Fulcheri M, Tetè S, Salini V, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Frydas S, Conti P, Theoharides T. Calcium Ionophore A23187 and Compound 48/80 Induce PGD2 and Tryptase in Human Cord Blood-Derived Mast Cells: Lack of Effect of IL-18. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological and biochemical reactions associated with inflammation are elicited in response to a physical or immunological challenge. Early in inflammation there is mobilization and infiltration of neutrophils, mast cells and macrophages to the site of inflammation. These cells release pro-inflammatory compounds icluding cytokines, vasoactive peptides (eg., histamine), and eicosanoids. The release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and tryptase induced by anti-IgE, A23187 and compound 48/80 were studied using in vitro a good and valid model of human cord blood-derived mast cells (HCBDMC). Tryptase is a mast cell product and enhances vasopermeability with anticoagulant activities. In this study we measure the release of PGD2 and tryptase on mast cells activate by anti-IgE, calcium ionophore A23187, polybasic compound 48/80 (an agent containing a cationic region adjacent to a hydrophobic moiety, which works by activating G proteins) and IL-18. The generation of PGD2 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Release of PGD2 was detectable (after 12 h) following challenge with anti-IgE, A23187 and compound 48/80. Our data show that mature HCBDMC produce proinflammatory PGD2 following triggering with anti-IgE and with IgE-independent agonists, such as calcium ionophore A23187 and polybasic compound 48/80, while IL-18 was unable to stimulate the release of PGD2 or tryptase on HCBDMC. Although a great deal has been learned about the mediators produced by mast cells, the ultimate biologic function(s) of mast cells remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Maccauro
- Orthopedics Division, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Cianchetti
- Ortona Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Angelucci
- Pathological Anatomy, Chieti Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopedics Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Frydas
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Tetè S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Cianchetti E, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Castellani M, Conti P, Theoharides T. IL-37 (IL-1F7) the Newest Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Which Suppresses Immune Responses and Inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:31-8. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as interleukins, chemokines and interferons are immunomodulating and inflammatory agents, characterized by considerable redundancy, in that many cytokines appear to share similar functions. Virtually all nucleated cells, but especially epithelial cells and macrophages, are potent producers of cytokines. The objective of this study is to review the detailed mechanism of action and the biological profiles of IL-37, the newest anti-inflammatory cytokine. This review focuses on IL-37, a key cytokine in regulating inflammatory responses, mainly by inhibiting the expression, production and function of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-1 family pro-inflammatory effects are markedly suppressed by IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Cianchetti
- Ortona Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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