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Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, López-Ramos M, Cárdaba B. Peptide Allergen Immunotherapy: A New Perspective in Olive-Pollen Allergy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071007. [PMID: 34371699 PMCID: PMC8309132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are highly prevalent disorders, mainly in industrialized countries where they constitute a high global health problem. Allergy is defined as an immune response “shifted toward a type 2 inflammation” induced by the interaction between the antigen (allergen) and IgE antibodies bound to mast cells and basophils that induce the release of inflammatory mediators that cause the clinical symptoms. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment able to change the course of these diseases, modifying the type 2 inflammatory response by an allergenic tolerance, where the implication of T regulatory (Treg) cells is considered essential. The pollen of the olive tree is one of the most prevalent causes of respiratory allergic diseases in Mediterranean countries, inducing mainly nasal and conjunctival symptoms, although, in areas with a high antigenic load, olive-tree pollen may cause asthma exacerbation. Classically, olive-pollen allergy treatment has been based on specific immunotherapy using whole-olive pollen extracts. Despite extracts standardization, the effectiveness of this strategy varies widely, therefore there is a need for more effective AIT approaches. One of the most attractive is the use of synthetic peptides representing the B- or T-cell epitopes of the main allergens. This review summarizes experimental evidence of several T-cell epitopes derived from the Ole e 1 sequence to modulate the response to olive pollen in vitro, associated with several possible mechanisms that these peptides could be inducing, showing their usefulness as a safe preventive tool for these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - María López-Ramos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Calzada D, Aguerri M, Baos S, Montaner D, Mata M, Dopazo J, Quiralte J, Florido F, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B. Therapeutic targets for olive pollen allergy defined by gene markers modulated by Ole e 1-derived peptides. Mol Immunol 2014; 64:252-61. [PMID: 25553522 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two regions of Ole e 1, the major olive-pollen allergen, have been characterized as T-cell epitopes, one as immunodominant region (aa91-130) and the other, as mainly recognized by non-allergic subjects (aa10-31). This report tries to characterize the specific relevance of these epitopes in the allergic response to olive pollen by analyzing the secreted cytokines and the gene expression profiles induced after specific stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from olive pollen-allergic and non-allergic control subjects were stimulated with olive-pollen extract and Ole e 1 dodecapeptides containing relevant T-cell epitopes. Levels of cytokines were measured in cellular supernatants and gene expression was determined by microarrays, on the RNAs extracted from PBMCs. One hundred eighty-nine differential genes (fold change >2 or <-2, P<0.05) were validated by qRT-PCR in a large population. It was not possible to define a pattern of response according the overall cytokine results but interesting differences were observed, mainly in the regulatory cytokines. Principal component (PCA) gene-expression analysis defined clusters that correlated with the experimental conditions in the group of allergic subjects. Gene expression and functional analyses revealed differential genes and pathways among the experimental conditions. A set of 51 genes (many essential to T-cell tolerance and homeostasis) correlated with the response to aa10-31 of Ole e 1. In conclusion, two peptides derived from Ole e 1 could regulate the immune response in allergic patients, by gene-expression modification of several regulation-related genes. These results open new research ways to the regulation of allergy by Oleaceae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Aguerri
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Montaner
- Functional Genomics Unit Bioinformatics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mata
- Genomics Department, Fundación de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Functional Genomics Unit Bioinformatics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Vírgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Florido
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERES, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain; CIBERES, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
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Polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-10 in asthma associated with olive pollen sensitization. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:276345. [PMID: 25759826 PMCID: PMC4352481 DOI: 10.1155/2014/276345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to specific olive pollen-allergens (Ole e 2 and 10) has been correlated with a clinical pattern of asthma. This study analyzes the association between several polymorphims of TNFA (G-308A, C-857T, and C-1031T), IL10 (C-571A and A-1117G), and TGFB (C-509-T) and these sensitizations. These polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination, in olive pollen-allergic patients (phenotyped for specific Ole e 2 and 10 sensitizations) and healthy controls. Levels of serum-soluble cytokines were correlated with specific genotypes and clinical phenotypes. The results showed that heterozygous TGFB C-509T genotype, besides having the lowest sera TGF- levels, was significantly increased in olive pollen-allergic patients compared with controls. According specific sensitizations, CC genotype of IL10 C-571A could be a protective factor for Ole e 2 sensitization and mainly for asthmatic Ole e 2 sensitized patients compared with asthmatic non-Ole e 2 sensitized patients (OR: 0.26, P = 0.008). In contrast, heterozygous CA genotype was increased in Ole e 2 asthmatic subjects compared to asthmatic non-Ole e 2 sensitized patients. Lastly, heterozygous TNFA G-308A genotype was associated with Ole e 10 sensitization (OR: 2.5, P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results suggest a role of TGF-β1 in olive-pollen sensitization and TNF-α and IL-10 genotypes in the asthma induced by specific olive-pollen allergens.
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Tetè S, Varvara G, Murmura G, Saggini A, Maccauro G, Rosati M, Cianchetti E, Tripodi D, Toniato E, Fulcheri M, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Pandolfi F, Potalivo G, Conti P, Theoharides T. Impact of Immunity in Autism Spectrum Disorders. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are childhood psychopathologies characterized by having difficulties in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication as well as sensor motor movements. Evidence suggests that in ASDs environmental toxicant exposure, genetic and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved associated with abnormal immune response with allergic problems and elevated serum IgE. ASDs present the major cytokine and chemokine dysfunction in CNS and is mediated by an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain, such as TNF, IL-1, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and others. Mast cells, which are also implicated in ASDs, are worsened by stress and produce proinflammatory cytokines and can be stimulated by neurotensin in the brain and gut, contributing also to the inflammatory response. However, the exact etiology of ASDs remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chiet-Pescarai, Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Varvara
- Dental School, University of Chiet-Pescarai, Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Murmura
- Dental School, University of Chiet-Pescarai, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Dermatology Department, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Maccauro
- Orthopedics Division, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Italy
| | - E. Cianchetti
- Department of Surgery, Ortona ASL Hospital, Ortona, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Dental School, University of Chiet-Pescarai, Chieti, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Fulcheri
- Psychology School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - F. Pandolfi
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Potalivo
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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