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Blewer AL, Putt ME, McGovern SK, Murray AD, Leary M, Riegel B, Shea JA, Berg RA, Asch DA, Viera AJ, Merchant RM, Nadkarni VM, Abella BS. A pragmatic randomized trial of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for families of cardiac patients before hospital discharge using a mobile application. Resuscitation 2020; 152:28-35. [PMID: 32376347 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Since over 80% of sudden cardiac arrests occur in the home, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for family members of high-risk cardiac patients represents a promising intervention. The use of mobile application-based (mApp) CPR training may facilitate this approach, but evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial assessing CPR training for family members of cardiac patients. The interventions were mApp (video, no manikin) and VSI (video + manikin). CPR skills were evaluated 6-months post-training. We hypothesized that chest compression (CC) rate from training with an mApp would be no worse than 5 compressions per minute (CPM) lower compared to VSI. RESULTS From 01/2016 to 01/2018, we enrolled 1325 eligible participants (mean age 51.6 years, 68.2% female and 59.4% white). CPR skills were evaluated 6-months post-training in 541 participants (275 VSI, 266 mApp). Mean rate was 84.6 CPM (95% CI: 80.4, 88.6) in VSI, compared to 82.7 CPM (95% CI: 76.2, 89.1) in the mApp, and mean depth was 42.1 mm (95% CI: 40.3, 43.8) in VSI, compared to 38.9 mm (95% CI: 36.2, 41.6) in the mApp. After adjustment, the mean difference in CC rate was -2.3 CPM (95% CI -9.4, 4.8, p = 0.25, non-inferiority) and CC depth was -3.2 mm (95% CI -5.9, 0.1, p = 0.056). CONCLUSION In this large prospective trial of CPR skill retention for family members of cardiac patients, mApp training was associated with lower CC quality. Future work is required to understand additional approaches to improve CPR skill retention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02548793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Blewer
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mary E Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shaun K McGovern
- Center for Resuscitation Science and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Murray
- Center for Resuscitation Science and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marion Leary
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Riegel
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judy A Shea
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Asch
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raina M Merchant
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Abella
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Blewer AL, Putt ME, Becker LB, Riegel BJ, Li J, Leary M, Shea JA, Kirkpatrick JN, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM, Groeneveld PW, Abella BS. Video-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education for High-Risk Families Before Hospital Discharge: A Multicenter Pragmatic Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016; 9:740-748. [PMID: 27703033 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training rates in the United States are low, highlighting the need to develop CPR educational approaches that are simpler, with broader dissemination potential. The minimum training required to ensure long-term skill retention remains poorly characterized. We compared CPR skill retention among laypersons randomized to training with video-only (VO; no manikin) with those trained with a video self-instruction kit (VSI; with manikin). We hypothesized that VO training would be noninferior to the VSI approach with respect to chest compression (CC) rate. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a prospective, cluster randomized trial of CPR education for family members of patients with high-risk cardiac conditions on hospital cardiac units, using a multicenter pragmatic design. Eight hospitals were randomized to offer either VO or VSI training before discharge using volunteer trainers. CPR skills were assessed 6 months post training. Mean CC rate among those trained with VO compared with those trained with VSI was assessed with a noninferiority margin set at 8 CC per min; as a secondary outcome, mean differences in CC depth were assessed. From February 2012 to May 2015, 1464 subjects were enrolled and 522 subjects completed a skills assessment. The mean CC rates were 87.7 (VO) CC per min and 89.3 (VSI) CC per min; we concluded noninferiority for VO based on a mean difference of -1.6 (90% confidence interval, -5.2 to 2.1). The mean CC depth was 40.2 mm (VO) and 45.8 mm (VSI) with a mean difference of -5.6 (95% confidence interval, -7.6 to -3.7). Results were similar after multivariate regression adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In this large, prospective trial of CPR skill retention, VO training yielded a noninferior difference in CC rate compared with VSI training. CC depth was greater in the VSI group. These findings suggest a potential trade-off in efforts for broad dissemination of basic CPR skills; VO training might allow for greater scalability and dissemination, but with a potential reduction in CC depth. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01514656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Blewer
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Mary E Putt
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Lance B Becker
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Barbara J Riegel
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Marion Leary
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Judy A Shea
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - James N Kirkpatrick
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Robert A Berg
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Peter W Groeneveld
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.)
| | - Benjamin S Abella
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Resuscitation Science (A.L.B., L.B.B., M.L., B.S.A.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.B., M.E.P., J.L.), School of Nursing (B.J.R., M.L.), New Courtland Center for Transitions and Healthy (B.J.R.), Department of Medicine (J.A.S., J.N.K., P.W.G.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (R.A.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.A.B., V.M.N.); and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pennsylvania (P.W.G.).
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