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Louwen C, Reidlinger D, Milne N. Profiling health professionals' personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36803372 PMCID: PMC9938999 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions. METHODS Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores. CONCLUSION Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Louwen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - D. Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - N. Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
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Storytelling of Young Adults with Chronic Rheumatologic Illnesses: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101979. [PMID: 36292429 PMCID: PMC9601485 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Narrative medicine allows patients to reconstruct medical experiences through written portrayals of perspectives, building a mutual depiction of illness while creating a sense of belonging. This modality has not been previously studied in youth with rheumatologic illnesses, a population with high mental health burden and worse health-related quality of life. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a storytelling intervention in this patient population. Methods: This is a mixed-methods study of 14−21-year-olds with rheumatologic diseases followed in the Bronx, NY. Participants completed an hour-long creative writing session focused on patient experience with chronic disease. Pre- and post-questionnaires assessed patient-reported outcomes, and post-participation video interviews assessed personal experiences through the storytelling session. Results: Thirteen female patients were divided amongst four creative writing sessions. Twelve patients completed pre-study questionnaires and 10 completed post-study questionnaires, with 100% completion of the post-participation interviews. PedsQL surveys showed statistically significant improvement in physical health (p < 0.02), and there was no significant difference between pre- and post-scores for any other questionnaires. Interview thematic domains included writing motivation, prior writing experience, illness experience, relating to others, relationship with providers, and support. Conclusion: Creative writing is a feasible and acceptable intervention for youth with rheumatologic illnesses.
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Perrin J, Streeck N, Naef R, Rufer M, Peng-Keller S, Rettke H. Comparing perspectives: patients' and health care professionals' views on spiritual concerns and needs in chronic pain care - a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:504. [PMID: 34039337 PMCID: PMC8152324 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spiritual aspect of care is an often neglected resource in pain therapies. The aim of this study is to identify commonalities and differences in chronic pain patients' (CPP) and health care professionals' (HCP) perceptions on the integration of spiritual care into multimodal pain therapy. METHODS We conducted a qualitative exploratory study with 42 CPPs and 34 HCPs who were interviewed in 12 separate groups in five study centres specialising in chronic pain within German-speaking Switzerland. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to a qualitative content analysis. Findings were generated by juxtaposing and analysing the statements of (a) HCP about HCP, (b) HCP about CPP, (c) CPP about HCP, and (d) CPP about CPP. RESULTS Views on spiritual concerns and needs in chronic pain care can be described in three distinct dimensions: function (evaluating the need / request to discuss spiritual issues), structure (evaluating when / how to discuss spiritual issues) and context (evaluating why / under which circumstances to discuss spiritual issues). CPPs stress the importance of HCPs recognizing their overall human integrity, including the spiritual dimension, and would like to grant spiritual concerns greater significance in their therapy. HCPs express difficulties in addressing and discussing spiritual concerns and needs with chronic pain patients. Both parties want clarification of the context in which the spiritual dimension could be integrated into treatment. They see a need for greater awareness and training of HCPs in how the spiritual dimension in therapeutic interactions might be addressed. CONCLUSIONS Although there are similarities in the perspectives of HCPs and CPPs regarding spiritual concerns and needs in chronic pain care, there are relevant differences between the two groups. This might contribute to the neglect of the spiritual dimension in the treatment of chronic pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was part of a larger research project, registered in a primary (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03679871 ) and local (kofam.ch: SNCTP000003086 ) clinical trial registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Perrin
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Rahel Naef
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rufer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Horst Rettke
- Centre for Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Caçador TGV, Gomes R. [Narrative as a strategy for understanding the experience of chronic illness: a literature review]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:3261-3272. [PMID: 32785559 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020258.24902018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to explore, in available literature, the use of narrative in studies of chronic illness. It is hoped that this study in addition to knowing how to have been the use of narrative in studies, contribute to the care of people with chronic illness. Methodologically, the study consists of a literature review of qualitative nature, focusing on articles with the Virtual Health Library descriptors (VHL). In terms of results, three stand out meanings attributed to the use of narrative by the authors: technique to get testimonies, research method and specific type of testimony; and in terms of the main results attributed by the authors with the use of narrative, are evident two themes: the experience of chronic illness in the subject ill perspective, highlighting the search for meaning, reframing the chronicity and coping strategies; and the possibility of understanding chronic illness, by professionals from the experience of the subject ill. It is verified, in the analyzed studies, that the use of the narrative itself or the narration process can make possible the resignification of the process of illness by the subjects and point out strategies for care management in chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romeu Gomes
- Instituto Sírio-Libanês de Ensino e Pesquisa. R. Prof. Daher Cutait 69, Bela Vista. 01308-060 São Paulo SP Brasil.
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Møller JE, Brøgger MN. How do residents perceive and narrate stories about communication challenges in patient encounters? A narrative study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029022. [PMID: 31167874 PMCID: PMC6561416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article investigated residents' narratives to gain their understandings of which patterns are challenging in doctor-patient conversations. DESIGN Qualitative narratological framework. PARTICIPANTS We analysed 259 narratives from 138 residents' oral recounts of communication with patients in which they had felt challenged. RESULTS The analysis identified an ideal narrative for the doctor-patient encounter with the resident as protagonist pursuing the object of helping the patient with his health problem. Disruptions of this ideal narrative were at play when challenges occurred. Regardless of medical setting, challenges were often related to the establishment of a common object, and the communication actants had to go through negotiations, disagreements or even battles when trying to reach a common object. Challenges also occurred when actants which in the ideal narrative should act as helpers become opponents. We find narratives where patients, relatives and colleagues become opponents. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that communication challenges were the result of disruptions of the perceived ideal narrative. Residents found it especially challenging to establish a common object, and dealing with helpers turned opponents. Patient communication is thus a challenge in the transition phase from student to doctor, and doctor-patient communication is complex in nature and continuously perceived to be so by residents, despite pregraduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ege Møller
- Center for Health Sciences Education, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Soundy A. Psycho-emotional content of illness narrative master plots for people with chronic illness: Implications for assessment. World J Psychiatry 2018; 8:79-82. [PMID: 30254977 PMCID: PMC6147776 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i3.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Illness narratives are stories of illness told by patients with chronic illness. One way of studying illness narratives is by considering illness narrative master plots. An examination of illness narrative master plots has revealed the importance of psycho-emotional information contained within the story that is told. There is a need for research to capture this information in order to better understand how common stories and experiences of illness can be understood and used to aid the mental well-being of individuals with chronic illness. The current editorial provides a suggestion of how this is possible. This editorial identifies that stories can be “mapped” graphically by combining emotional responses to the illness experience with psychological responses of the illness experience relating to hope and psychological adaptation. Clinicians and researchers should consider the evidence presented within this editorial as: (1) A possible solution for documenting the mental well-being of individuals with chronic illness; and (2) As a tool that can be used to consider changes in mental well-being following an intervention. Further research using this tool will likely provide insights into how illness narrative master plots are associated together and change across the course of a chronic illness. This is particularly important for illness narrative master plots that are difficult to tell or that are illustrative of a decline in mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Soundy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Breuning M, Lucius-Hoene G, Burbaum C, Himmel W, Bengel J. [Patient experiences and patient centeredness : The website project DIPEx Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 60:453-461. [PMID: 28251275 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-017-2524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patient centeredness is a central concept in the treatment and rehabilitation of persons with chronic illness in Germany. There are various concepts of and approaches to patient centeredness, most of them developed from the perspective of health care research and the institutions. In terms of participation requirements, there has been a lack of understanding of the patient's perspective and experiences so far. In this article, the authors assume that the collection and analysis of patient experiences can improve patient participation and provide access to the experience of living and coping with an illness, including the patient's interactions with the health care system, their participation, and their preferences for participation. Potential uses for and the limits and risks of utilizing patient experiences are discussed, using the example of the website project Krankheitserfahrungen.de (DIPEx Germany). The project collects patient experiences in the form of narrative interviews. In the course of sharing their stories, the speakers become experts on their own lives and describe where and how they feel engaged in their health care and how they wish to become further engaged, thereby experiencing participation in terms of the International Classification of Functioning. The experience of rehabilitation is viewed in a comprehensive manner for those affected. It is not limited to experiences in specific institutions, but rather, the patient experience includes the context and processes, and describes how patients can find their way back to their lives after the interruption of an illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Breuning
- Abteilung für Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - Gabriele Lucius-Hoene
- Abteilung für Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Christina Burbaum
- Abteilung für Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Himmel
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Bengel
- Abteilung für Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Foss C, Knutsen I, Kennedy A, Todorova E, Wensing M, Lionis C, Portillo MC, Serrano-Gil M, Koetsenruijter J, Mujika A, Rogers A. Connectivity, contest and the ties of self-management support for type 2 diabetes: a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2016; 24:672-686. [PMID: 26429546 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a meta-synthesis of the literature on community-based self-management to support experiences of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The aim was to synthesise findings on both formal and informal self-management support with particular reference to the relevance and influence of the social context operating at different levels. The review forms part of EU-WISE, a project financed through EU's 7th Framework Programme. The review was performed by systematically searching MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science for English language publications between 2005 and 2014 presenting research conducted in Europe on the experiences and perspectives of self-management concerns of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The search yielded 587 abstracts, which were reduced through search strategy refinement and eligibility and quality criteria to 29 papers that were included in the review. This review highlights the relevance of contextual factors operating at micro- and macro-levels. The synthesis yielded six second-order thematic constructs relating to self-management: sense of agency and identity, the significance and meaning of social networks, minimal disruption of everyday life, economic hardship, the problem of assigning patients' responsibility and structural influences of primary care. Using a line of argument synthesis, these themes were revisited, and a third-order construct, connectivity emerged which refers to how links in daily life are interwoven with peoples' social networks, local communities, economic and ideological conditions in society in a way which support self-management activities. This meta-synthesis indicates a need to heed the notion of connectivity as a means of mobilising and supporting the self-management strategies of people with type 2 diabetes in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Foss
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Knutsen
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kennedy
- NIHR CLAHRC Wessex, Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Elka Todorova
- Department of Economic Sociology, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Michel Wensing
- Stichting Katholieke Universiteit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Jan Koetsenruijter
- Stichting Katholieke Universiteit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Rogers
- NIHR CLAHRC Wessex, Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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Jensen LBS, Larsen K, Konradsen H. Maintaining a Distinction Between Possible and Impossible Topics of Conversation in the Outpatient Respiratory Medical Clinic. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2016; 3:2333393616638977. [PMID: 28462333 PMCID: PMC5342844 DOI: 10.1177/2333393616638977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to generate a grounded theory explaining patterns of behavior among health care professionals (HCPs) during interactions with patients in outpatient respiratory medical clinics. The findings suggest that the HCPs managed contradictory expectations to the interaction by maintaining a distinction between possible and impossible topics to counseling. Three subcategories explaining the effort that maintain the impossible and possible topics separated were identified: (a) an effort to maintain the diseased lungs as the main task in counseling, (b) navigating interactions to avoid strong emotions of suffering in patients to reveal, (c) avoiding the appearance of the non-alterable life circumstances of the patients. The HCPs' attitudes toward what patients could be offered generated a distance and a difficulty during counseling and created further suffering in the patients but likewise a discomfort and frustration among the HCPs.
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Jensen LBS, Brinkjær U, Larsen K, Konradsen H. Exploring the Unmet Needs of the Patients in the Outpatient Respiratory Medical Clinic: Patients versus Clinicians Perspectives. Int J Chronic Dis 2015; 2015:749369. [PMID: 26783555 PMCID: PMC4689906 DOI: 10.1155/2015/749369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Developing a theoretical framework explaining patients' behaviour and actions related to unmet needs during interactions with health care professionals in hospital-based outpatient respiratory medical clinics. Background. The outpatient respiratory medical clinic plays a prominent role in many patients' lives regarding treatment and counselling increasing the need for a better understanding of patients' perspective to the counselling of the health care professionals. Design. The study is exploratory and based on Charmaz's interpretation of grounded theory. Methods. The study included 65 field observations with a sample of 43 patients, 11 doctors, and 11 nurses, as well as 30 interviews with patients, conducted through theoretical sampling from three outpatient respiratory medical clinics in Denmark. Findings. The patients' efforts to share their significant stories triggered predominantly an adaptation or resistance behaviour, conceptualized as "fitting in" and "fighting back" behaviour, explaining the patients' counterreactions to unrecognized needs during the medical encounter. Conclusion. Firstly this study allows for a better understanding of patients' counterreactions in the time-pressured and, simultaneously, tight structured guidance program in the outpatient clinic. Secondly the study offers practical and ethical implications as to how health care professionals' attitudes towards patients can increase their ability to support emotional suffering and increase patient participation and responsiveness to guidance in the lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Birgitte Skov Jensen
- Department of Education, University of Aarhus, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Respiratory Department, Gentofte University Hospital, 2900 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ulf Brinkjær
- Department of Education, University of Aarhus, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Department of Education, Learning and Philosophy, University of Aalborg, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ziebland S, Lavie-Ajayi M, Lucius-Hoene G. The role of the Internet for people with chronic pain: examples from the DIPEx International Project. Br J Pain 2015; 9:62-4. [PMID: 26516557 DOI: 10.1177/2049463714555438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we consider how people with chronic illness are using the internet, drawing on examples from published qualitative interview studies of experiences of chronic pain in the UK, Germany and Israel. Extracts from the interviews can be seen on the websites from the www.dipexinternational.org collaboration which publishes analyses and many thousands of video and audio interview clips on country specific web platforms. The UK branch of the collaboration has been operating for over a decade and currently includes broad based samples of qualitative interviews with patients about their experiences of over 80 health problems. The research has demonstrated that people living with chronic pain are increasingly using the web to find information, support and practical advice for self-management and also for reassurance, encouragement, to compare experiences of treatment and to offer advice and support to others. The internet is changing the way that people are experiencing illness, although access to relevant and reliable online material is not equally distributed. Those who do not speak one of the handful of dominant languages are less likely to find online experiences that resonate with their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ziebland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maya Lavie-Ajayi
- The Spitzer Department of Social Work, Israeli Center for Qualitative Research of People and Societies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriele Lucius-Hoene
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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