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Neuenswander KL, Goodale BM, Bryant GA, Johnson KL. Sex ratios in vocal ensembles affect perceptions of threat and belonging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14575. [PMID: 38914752 PMCID: PMC11196271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
People often interact with groups (i.e., ensembles) during social interactions. Given that group-level information is important in navigating social environments, we expect perceptual sensitivity to aspects of groups that are relevant for personal threat as well as social belonging. Most ensemble perception research has focused on visual ensembles, with little research looking at auditory or vocal ensembles. Across four studies, we present evidence that (i) perceivers accurately extract the sex composition of a group from voices alone, (ii) judgments of threat increase concomitantly with the number of men, and (iii) listeners' sense of belonging depends on the number of same-sex others in the group. This work advances our understanding of social cognition, interpersonal communication, and ensemble coding to include auditory information, and reveals people's ability to extract relevant social information from brief exposures to vocalizing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Neuenswander
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, 2225 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | | | - Gregory A Bryant
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, 2225 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kerri L Johnson
- Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, 2225 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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McEllin L, Sebanz N. Synchrony Influences Estimates of Cooperation in a Public-Goods Game. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:202-212. [PMID: 38285534 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231223410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Benefiting from a cooperative interaction requires people to estimate how cooperatively other members of a group will act so that they can calibrate their own behavior accordingly. We investigated whether the synchrony of a group's actions influences observers' estimates of cooperation. Participants (recruited through Prolific) watched animations of actors deciding how much to donate in a public-goods game and using a mouse to drag donations to a public pot. Participants then estimated how much was in the pot in total (as an index of how cooperative they thought the group members were). Experiment 1 (N = 136 adults) manipulated the synchrony between players' decision-making time, and Experiment 2 (N = 136 adults) manipulated the synchrony between players' decision-implementing movements. For both experiments, estimates of how much was in the pot were higher for synchronous than asynchronous groups, demonstrating that the temporal dynamics of an interaction contain signals of a group's level of cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McEllin
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University
| | - Natalie Sebanz
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University
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Tatar M, Papzan A, Ahmadvand M. Farmers' Lived Experiences of Water Crisis: Lessons Learned from a Phenomenology Study. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:1204-1215. [PMID: 37516684 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the perception of farmers is essential for successful water resources management especially during water crisis. Therefore, this paper examines farmers' perception about the local water crisis in Gawshan dam basin, Iran. Qualitative phenomenological methodology was used to depict the lived experiences of farmers regarding water crisis. Using critical sampling, out of all water users of the Gawshan dam, the selected participants were farmers having lived experience of water crisis and interested to express and share their experiences. Sixty important statements and five themes were extracted from participants' experiences (PE) in water crisis. Finding showed that farmers have perceived agricultural water crisis at the local level but different pattern of perception also is detected among them. The results also revealed that farmers' perception is related to their direct experience, the way they define water crisis, their memories of water crisis and their expectation of what it holds for future water crisis. It is expected that this study will support decision makers at local level to address water crisis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tatar
- Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Papzan
- Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadvand
- Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
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Cho J, Im HY, Yoon YJ, Joo SJ, Chong SC. The effect of masks on the emotion perception of a facial crowd. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14274. [PMID: 37653061 PMCID: PMC10471755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of facial masks on people's ability to perceive emotions in crowds. We presented faces with the bottom halves occluded by masks or full faces without occlusion. In two sequentially presented crowds, we varied the number of faces, emotional valence, and intensity of facial expressions, examining the impact of masks on the perception of crowd emotion. Participants reported which of the two crowds they would avoid based on the crowds' average emotions. The participants' ability to judge the average emotion of a crowd, especially a crowd expressing happiness, was impaired when the crowd wore masks. For faces covered by masks, crowd emotion judgments were more negatively biased than those without masks. However, participants could still distinguish the emotional intensities of a crowd wearing masks above chance. Additionally, participants responded more quickly to a crowd with more people without compromising accuracy, despite the perceptual challenges imposed by facial masks. Our results suggest that under ambiguous social situations in which individuals' emotions are partially hidden by masks, a large group may provide stronger social cues than a small group, thereby promoting communication and regulating social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Cho
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Im
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Joo
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chong
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Oswald F, Adams RB. Feminist Social Vision: Seeing Through the Lens of Marginalized Perceivers. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022:10888683221126582. [PMID: 36218340 PMCID: PMC10391697 DOI: 10.1177/10888683221126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social vision research, which examines, in part, how humans visually perceive social stimuli, is well-positioned to improve understandings of social inequality. However, social vision research has rarely prioritized the perspectives of marginalized group members. We offer a theoretical argument for diversifying understandings of social perceptual processes by centering marginalized perspectives. We examine (a) how social vision researchers frame their research questions and who these framings prioritize and (b) how perceptual processes (person perception; people perception; perception of social objects) are linked to group membership and thus comprehensively understanding these processes necessitates attention to marginalized perceivers. We discuss how social vision research translates into theoretical advances and to action for reducing negative intergroup consequences (e.g., prejudice). The purpose of this article is to delineate how prioritizing marginalized perspectives in social vision research could develop novel questions, bridge theoretical gaps, and elevate social vision's translational impact to improve outcomes for marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Oswald
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Waseem M, Iqbal S, Khan K. Impact of project governance on project success, with mediating role of organizational support and project team cohesion. JOURNAL OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jfm-03-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine how project governance influences project success. According to the authors, such an effect is mediated by organizational support and project team cohesion. The direct and indirect effects of organizational support and project team cohesion provided helpful information. The authors’ objective is to contribute to the project management knowledge of how project team cohesion plays a significant role in project success.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 350 employees working in Pakistan’s oil and gas industry. Four prime oil and gas exploration companies were selected as samples based on their contribution to the revenue. SPSS v23 and AMOS v23 were used for constructing structural equation modeling and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects.
Findings
The results revealed that project governance is positively related to project success. Furthermore, organizational support and project team cohesion mediated the relationship between project governance and project success.
Originality/value
Team cohesion has been primarily a topic of interest in sports psychology literature, education and medical sciences. There is an expressed need to investigate team cohesion issues in the broad domain of organizational development, specifically the project management literature. This study contributed by discussing team cohesion in the project context. Second, project governance was investigated using the conservation of resources theory. The lens of intellectual capital was applied to examine intangible resources of project governance like rules, regulations and directives for project success.
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Persson LM, Falbén JK, Tsamadi D, Macrae CN. People perception and stereotype-based responding: task context matters. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 87:1219-1231. [PMID: 35994097 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whether group impact social perception is a topic of renewed theoretical and empirical interest. In particular, it remains unclear when and how the composition of a group influences a core component of social cognition-stereotype-based responding. Accordingly, exploring this issue, here we investigated the extent to which different task requirements moderate the stereotype-related products of people perception. Following the presentation of same-sex groups that varied in facial typicality (i.e., high or low femininity/masculinity), participants had to report either the gender-related status of target words (i.e., a group-irrelevant gender-classification task) or whether the items were stereotypic or counter-stereotypic with respect to the preceding groups (i.e., a group-relevant stereotype-status task). Critically, facial typicality only impacted performance in the stereotype-status task. A further computational analysis (i.e., Diffusion Model) traced this effect to the combined operation of stimulus processing and response biases during decision-making. Specifically, evidence accumulation was faster when targets followed groups that were high (vs. low) in typicality and these arrays also triggered a stronger bias toward stereotypic (vs. counter-stereotypic) responses. Collectively, these findings elucidate when and how group variability influences people perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn M Persson
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK.
| | - Johanna K Falbén
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsamadi
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - C Neil Macrae
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
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