Exploring the operations of itinerant medicine sellers within urban bus terminals in Kumasi, Ghana

This paper explores Itinerant Medicine Sellers' (IMSs) operations at loading bays within bus terminals in the Kumasi metropolis. The paper examines how the sellers negotiated access into the loading bays, how they marketed their medicines, where they sourced their medicines from, and the challenges they faced. An exploratory qualitative survey design was adopted for the study. Through convenience sampling, 18 IMSs operating within the bus terminals in the Kumasi metropolis participated in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were thematically analysed. The study found that these hawkers negotiated access to the loading bays through multiple informal gatekeepers and employed direct customer engagement in marketing their medicines. It was further revealed that the IMSs sourced their medicines from both formal and informal sources for different reasons, such as affordability and informality of medicines acquisition. The participants operated outside government-prescribed regulations and faced challenges of low capital and sales revenue, poor reception by prospective clients, and government clampdown. The study concludes that medicine hawking is an illegal livelihood strategy and a public health concern. As a phenomenon outside government's policy guidelines, it is recommended that government intensifies its clampdown activities on these hawkers and engage in public health education on the negative implications of accessing medicines from these IMSs.

The application of qualitative approaches in a post-colonial context in speech-language pathology: A call for transformation

Purpose: Legacies of colonialism continue to influence the profession of speech-language pathology (SLP) around the world. While there is some literature on ways in which we can decolonise the profession, there is little written on these issues in relation to research and practice in the field. In this paper, we discuss how qualitative approaches can be useful particularly in post-colonial contexts to transform research and practice in the profession.Method: Using a reflective framework, we draw on examples from several of our own research and teaching experiences that have embraced a variety of qualitative approaches, conducted across various contexts in the post-colonial South African context.Result: Qualitative approaches can play a central role in achieving transformation goals because they offer opportunities for highlighting the voices of marginalised communities and they are flexible and adaptable to the needs of particular contexts. We reflect on how qualitative approaches can be linked to SLP curricula, practice and research, and consider innovative ways in which such approaches can be embraced within the profession. Specifically focussing on research, we explore issues of access, representation and inclusion, the use of contextually relevant methods, and ethical considerations when working in post-colonial contexts.Conclusion: Many of the points raised in this article are important for all contexts. Embracing qualitative approaches offers opportunities for the SLP profession to transform and meet our mandate of providing culturally safe, appropriate, effective care.