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Mas JL, Derumeaux G, Guillon B, Massardier E, Hosseini H, Mechtouff L, Arquizan C, Béjot Y, Vuillier F, Detante O, Guidoux C, Canaple S, Vaduva C, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, Sibon I, Garnier P, Ferrier A, Timsit S, Robinet-Borgomano E, Sablot D, Lacour JC, Zuber M, Favrole P, Pinel JF, Apoil M, Reiner P, Lefebvre C, Guérin P, Piot C, Rossi R, Dubois-Randé JL, Eicher JC, Meneveau N, Lusson JR, Bertrand B, Schleich JM, Godart F, Thambo JB, Leborgne L, Michel P, Pierard L, Turc G, Barthelet M, Charles-Nelson A, Weimar C, Moulin T, Juliard JM, Chatellier G. Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1011-1021. [PMID: 28902593 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1705915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to prevent recurrent stroke have been inconclusive. We investigated whether patients with cryptogenic stroke and echocardiographic features representing risk of stroke would benefit from PFO closure or anticoagulation, as compared with antiplatelet therapy. METHODS In a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial, we assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, patients 16 to 60 years of age who had had a recent stroke attributed to PFO, with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, to transcatheter PFO closure plus long-term antiplatelet therapy (PFO closure group), antiplatelet therapy alone (antiplatelet-only group), or oral anticoagulation (anticoagulation group) (randomization group 1). Patients with contraindications to anticoagulants or to PFO closure were randomly assigned to the alternative noncontraindicated treatment or to antiplatelet therapy (randomization groups 2 and 3). The primary outcome was occurrence of stroke. The comparison of PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 2, and the comparison of oral anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy alone was performed with combined data from randomization groups 1 and 3. RESULTS A total of 663 patients underwent randomization and were followed for a mean (±SD) of 5.3±2.0 years. In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 2, no stroke occurred among the 238 patients in the PFO closure group, whereas stroke occurred in 14 of the 235 patients in the antiplatelet-only group (hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.26; P<0.001). Procedural complications from PFO closure occurred in 14 patients (5.9%). The rate of atrial fibrillation was higher in the PFO closure group than in the antiplatelet-only group (4.6% vs. 0.9%, P=0.02). The number of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the treatment groups (P=0.56). In the analysis of randomization groups 1 and 3, stroke occurred in 3 of 187 patients assigned to oral anticoagulants and in 7 of 174 patients assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who had had a recent cryptogenic stroke attributed to PFO with an associated atrial septal aneurysm or large interatrial shunt, the rate of stroke recurrence was lower among those assigned to PFO closure combined with antiplatelet therapy than among those assigned to antiplatelet therapy alone. PFO closure was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; CLOSE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00562289 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Mas
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Benoît Guillon
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Evelyne Massardier
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Caroline Arquizan
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Yannick Béjot
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Fabrice Vuillier
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Olivier Detante
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Céline Guidoux
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Sandrine Canaple
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Claudia Vaduva
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Nelly Dequatre-Ponchelle
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Igor Sibon
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Pierre Garnier
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Anna Ferrier
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Serge Timsit
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Emmanuelle Robinet-Borgomano
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Denis Sablot
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacour
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Mathieu Zuber
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Pascal Favrole
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-François Pinel
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Marion Apoil
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Peggy Reiner
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Catherine Lefebvre
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Patrice Guérin
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Christophe Piot
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Roland Rossi
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Eicher
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Nicolas Meneveau
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-René Lusson
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Bernard Bertrand
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Marc Schleich
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - François Godart
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Benoit Thambo
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Laurent Leborgne
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Luc Pierard
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Guillaume Turc
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Martine Barthelet
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Anaïs Charles-Nelson
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weimar
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Thierry Moulin
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jean-Michel Juliard
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Gilles Chatellier
- From the Department of Neurology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, INSERM 894, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité (J.-L.M., G.T.), and the Department of Neurology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (M.Z.), Paris Descartes University, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (C.G.) and the Department of Cardiology (J.-M.J.), Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM 1148, DHU FIRE (Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Diseases) Sorbonne Paris-Cité, the Department of Neurology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre et Marie Curie University (P.F.), the Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University (P.R.), and the Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (A.C.-N., G.C.), Paris, the Departments of Physiology (G.D.), Neurology (H.H.), and Cardiology (J.-L.D.-R.), Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, the Departments of Neurology (B.G.) and Cardiology (P. Guérin), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rouen (E.M.), the Stroke Department (L.M.) and the Departments of Interventional Cardiology (R.R.) and Cardiovascular Investigations (M.B.), Pierre Wertheimer and Louis Pradel Hospitals, Lyon University, Lyon, the Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, INSERM 894 (C.A.), and the Department of Interventional Cardiology, Clinique du Millénaire, INSERM 1191 (C.P.), Montpellier University, Montpellier, the Department of Neurology, Dijon Stroke Registry, EA 7460 (Y.B.), and the Department of Cardiology (J.-C.E.), University Hospital, Burgundy University, Dijon, the Departments of Neurology (F.V., T.M.) and Cardiology (N.M.), Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, the Departments of Neurology (O.D.) and Cardiology (B.B.), Michallon Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.C.) and the Department of Cardiology (L.L.), University Hospital, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, the Department of Neurology, Yves le Foll Hospital, Saint Brieuc (C.V.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (N.D.-P.) and the Department of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease (F.G.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Lille, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (I.S.) and the Department of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (J.-B.T.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, INSERM 1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne (P. Garnier), the Departments of Neurology (A.F.) and Cardiology (J.-R.L.), University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Cavale Blanche Hospital, INSERM 1078, University of Western Brittany, Brest (S.T.), the Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (E.R.-B.), the Department of Neurology, Saint-Jean Hospital, Perpignan (D.S.), the Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Central Hospital, Nancy (J.-C.L.), the Departments of Neurology (J.-F.P.) and Cardiology and Vascular Diseases (J.-M.S.), Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes University, Rennes, the Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (M.A.), the Department of Neurology, Docteur Schaffner Hospital, Lens (C.L.) - all in France; the Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Vaudois University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.); the Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege University, Liege, Belgium (L.P.); and the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Duisberg-Essen, Germany (C.W.)
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