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Tütüncü S, Olma M, Kunze C, Dietzel J, Schurig J, Fiessler C, Malsch C, Haas TE, Dimitrijeski B, Doehner W, Hagemann G, Hamilton F, Honermann M, Jungehulsing GJ, Kauert A, Koennecke HC, Mackert BM, Nabavi D, Nolte CH, Reis JM, Schmehl I, Sparenberg P, Stingele R, Völzke E, Waldschmidt C, Zeise-Wehry D, Heuschmann PU, Endress M, Haeusler KG. Off-label-dosing of non-vitamin K-dependent oral antagonists in AF patients before and after stroke: results of the prospective multicenter Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry. J Neurol 2022; 269:470-480. [PMID: 34718884 PMCID: PMC8739306 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to analyze prevalence and predictors of NOAC off-label under-dosing in AF patients before and after the index stroke. METHODS The post hoc analysis included 1080 patients of the investigator-initiated, multicenter prospective Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry, designed to analyze medical stroke prevention in AF patients after acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS At stroke onset, an off-label daily dose was prescribed in 61 (25.5%) of 239 NOAC patients with known AF and CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 1, of which 52 (21.8%) patients were under-dosed. Under-dosing was associated with age ≥ 80 years in patients on rivaroxaban [OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.05-7.9, P = 0.04; n = 29] or apixaban [OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.04-10.1, P = 0.04; n = 22]. At hospital discharge after the index stroke, NOAC off-label dose on admission was continued in 30 (49.2%) of 61 patients. Overall, 79 (13.7%) of 708 patients prescribed a NOAC at hospital discharge received an off-label dose, of whom 75 (10.6%) patients were under-dosed. Rivaroxaban under-dosing at discharge was associated with age ≥ 80 years [OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.24-9.84, P = 0.02; n = 19]; apixaban under-dosing with body weight ≤ 60 kg [OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.47, P < 0.01; n = 56], CHA2DS2-VASc score [OR per point 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-2.00, P = 0.01], and HAS-BLED score [OR per point 1.91, 95% CI 1.28-2.84, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION At stroke onset, off-label dosing was present in one out of four, and under-dosing in one out of five NOAC patients. Under-dosing of rivaroxaban or apixaban was related to old age. In-hospital treatment after stroke reduced off-label NOAC dosing, but one out of ten NOAC patients was under-dosed at discharge. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02306824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Tütüncü
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Olma
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kunze
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Dietzel
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schurig
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Fiessler
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Malsch
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Clinical Trial Centre Würzburg, University of Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Eberhard Haas
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Doehner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, and Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Honermann
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kauert
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Darius Nabavi
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joschua Mirko Reis
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmehl
- Department of Neurology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Sparenberg
- Department of Neurology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Stingele
- Department of Neurology, German Red Cross Hospital Berlin Köpenick, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Völzke
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter U Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Clinical Trial Centre Würzburg, University of Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Endress
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Medlinskiene K, Tomlinson J, Marques I, Richardson S, Stirling K, Petty D. Barriers and facilitators to the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1198. [PMID: 34740338 PMCID: PMC8570007 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation and uptake of novel and cost-effective medicines can improve patient health outcomes and healthcare efficiency. However, the uptake of new medicines into practice faces a wide range of obstacles. Earlier reviews provided insights into determinants for new medicine uptake (such as medicine, prescriber, patient, organization, and external environment factors). However, the methodological approaches used had limitations (e.g., single author, narrative review, narrow search, no quality assessment of reviewed evidence). This systematic review aims to identify barriers and facilitators affecting the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice and identify areas for future research. METHOD A systematic search of literature was undertaken within seven databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO. Included in the review were qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies focused on adult participants (18 years and older) requiring or taking new medicine(s) for any condition, in the context of healthcare organizations and which identified factors affecting the uptake of new medicines. The methodological quality was assessed using QATSDD tool. A narrative synthesis of reported factors was conducted using framework analysis and a conceptual framework was utilised to group them. RESULTS A total of 66 studies were included. Most studies (n = 62) were quantitative and used secondary data (n = 46) from various databases, e.g., insurance databases. The identified factors had a varied impact on the uptake of the different studied new medicines. Differently from earlier reviews, patient factors (patient education, engagement with treatment, therapy preferences), cost of new medicine, reimbursement and formulary conditions, and guidelines were suggested to influence the uptake. Also, the review highlighted that health economics, wider organizational factors, and underlying behaviours of adopters were not or under explored. CONCLUSION This systematic review has identified a broad range of factors affecting the uptake of new medicines within healthcare organizations, which were grouped into patient, prescriber, medicine, organizational, and external environment factors. This systematic review also identifies additional factors affecting new medicine use not reported in earlier reviews, which included patient influence and education level, cost of new medicines, formulary and reimbursement restrictions, and guidelines. REGISTRATION PROSPERO database (CRD42018108536).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Medlinskiene
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
- Medicine Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Justine Tomlinson
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
- Medicine Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Iuri Marques
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - Sue Richardson
- Department of Management, Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH UK
| | - Katherine Stirling
- Medicine Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Duncan Petty
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
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Medlinskiene K, Richardson S, Fylan B, Stirling K, Rattray M, Petty D. Patient Perspectives on Factors Affecting Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:953-966. [PMID: 34007161 PMCID: PMC8121672 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s302016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral anticoagulant therapy choices for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) expanded in the last decade with the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). However, the implementation of DOACs was slow and varied across different health economies in England. There is limited evidence on the patient role in the uptake of new medicines, including DOACs, apart from considering their demographic and clinical characteristics. Hence, this study aimed to address the gap by exploring the view of patients with AF on factors affecting DOAC use. METHODS A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in three health economies in the North of England. Adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with non-valvular AF, prescribed an oral anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist or DOAC), and able to give written consent were recruited. Data were collected between August 2018 and April 2019. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the framework method. RESULTS Four themes with eleven subthemes discussed identified factors affecting the use of DOACs. They were linked to limited healthcare financial and workforce resources, patient involvement in decision-making, patient knowledge about DOACs, safety concerns about oral anticoagulants, and oral anticoagulant therapy impact on patients' daily lives. Lack of a) opportunities to voice patient preferences and b) information on available therapy options resulted in some patients experiencing difficulties with the prescribed therapy. This was reported to cause negative impact on their daily lives, adherence, and overall satisfaction with the therapy. CONCLUSION Greater patient involvement in decision-making could prevent and resolve difficulties encountered by some patients and potentially improve outcomes plus increase the uptake of DOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Medlinskiene
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Medicine Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Richardson
- Department of Management, Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Beth Fylan
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, NIHR Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katherine Stirling
- Medicine Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Marcus Rattray
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Duncan Petty
- Medicine Optimisation Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Haeusler KG, Tütüncü S, Kunze C, Schurig J, Malsch C, Harder J, Wiedmann S, Dimitrijeski B, Ebinger M, Hagemann G, Hamilton F, Honermann M, Jungehulsing GJ, Kauert A, Koennecke HC, Leithner C, Mackert BM, Masuhr F, Nabavi D, Rocco A, Schmehl I, Schmitz B, Sparenberg P, Stingele R, von Brevern M, Völzke E, Dietzel J, Heuschmann PU, Endres M. Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke: design and baseline data of the prospective multicentre Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry. Europace 2020; 21:1621-1632. [PMID: 31397475 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry was designed to analyse oral anticoagulation (OAC) prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischaemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS This investigator-initiated prospective multicentre registry enrolled patients at all 16 stroke units located in Berlin, Germany. The ongoing telephone follow-up is conducted centrally and will cover 5 years per patient. Within 2014 and 2016, 1080 patients gave written informed consent and 1048 patients were available for analysis. Median age was 77 years [interquartile range (IQR) 72-83], 503 (48%) patients were female, and 254 (24%) had a transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Overall, 470 (62%) out of 757 patients with known AF and a (pre-stroke) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 1 were anticoagulated at the time of stroke. At hospital discharge, 847 (81.3%) of 1042 patients were anticoagulated. Thereof 710 (68.1%) received a non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and 137 (13.1%) a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Pre-stroke intake of a NOAC [odds ratio (OR) 15.6 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.97-122)] or VKA [OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.02-0.09)], an index TIA [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.34-0.94)] rather than stroke, heart failure [OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.93)], and endovascular thrombectomy at hospital admission [OR 12.9 (95% CI 1.59-104)] were associated with NOAC prescription at discharge. Patients' age or AF type had no impact on OAC or NOAC use, respectively. CONCLUSION About 60% of all registry patients with known AF received OAC at the time of stroke or TIA. At hospital discharge, more than 80% of AF patients were anticoagulated and about 80% of those were prescribed a NOAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Georg Haeusler
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serdar Tütüncü
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kunze
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schurig
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Malsch
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Clinical Trial Centre Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janek Harder
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wiedmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Germany.,Strategic Corporate Development, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ebinger
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Honermann
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jan Jungehulsing
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kauert
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Florian Masuhr
- Department of Neurology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Darius Nabavi
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Rocco
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmehl
- Department of Neurology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Sparenberg
- Department of Neurology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Stingele
- Department of Neurology, German Red Cross Hospital Berlin, Köpenick, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Völzke
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Dietzel
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter U Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Clinical Trial Centre Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Different Risk Profiles of European Patients Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists: a Rapid Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
We investigated the risk profiles of patients using direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in European cohort studies to estimate the importance of potential (measured or unmeasured) confounding factors in analyses comparing these drugs. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (2008–2018) for relevant studies and extracted information on age, sex, comorbidity, Charlson comorbidity index, HAS-BLED score (assessing risk of bleeding) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (assessing risk of stroke).
Recent Findings
Overall, 66 studies with 2,808,757 patients were included. Most patients were from France (37%), Denmark (24%) and Germany (23%). In 56 studies (85%), the focus was on patients with atrial fibrillation. Of the 43 studies comparing DOAC with VKA users, 33% reported a higher and 16% a lower age of DOAC compared with VKA users. The mean age varied by about 1 year in most of these studies. Rivaroxaban was used in the widest age range. Patients with DOAC more often had a history of stroke or bleedings, and patients with VKA more often had a history of diabetes, renal failure, cancer, heart failure or other heart diseases. Most studies did not observe differences regarding the HAS-BLED score or the CHA2DS2-VASc score between groups.
Summary
Our review suggests that there are relevant differences in the risk profiles of DOAC versus VKA users and between users of individual DOACs. Reported HAS-BLED or CHA2DS2-VASc scores did not reflect these differences. These patterns require careful consideration in the interpretation of observational studies comparing the effectiveness and the risks of these drugs, also when comparing the results of studies conducted in different countries.
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Hellwig S, Grittner U, Herm J, Ruschmann R, Konieczny M, Endres M, Haeusler KG. Temporal Trends in Pharmacological Stroke Prevention in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Known Atrial Fibrillation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105266. [PMID: 32992191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral anticoagulation (OAC) substantially reduces stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at risk for stroke. Whether non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) improve OAC use in stroke prevention requires investigation. METHODS To investigate temporal trends of OAC use in patients with known AF pre-stroke, we retrospectively analyzed records of 6,803 stroke patients admitted in 2003-2004 (n=1,496), 2008-2010 (n=1,638) or 2013-2015 (n=3,669) to the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. Adjusted regression models were used to identify factors associated with OAC use. RESULTS Of 1,209 AF patients (mean age 79 years, 55.9% female) with given indication for OAC according to the CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score, 484 (40.0%) were anticoagulated prior to the index stroke, 458 (37.9%) received antiplatelets and 236 (19.5%) had no antithrombotic medication. Compared to 2003-2004 and 2008-2010, there was a higher rate of pre-admission OAC in 2013-2015 (28.2% vs. 49.6%, p<0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, factors associated with OAC pre-admission were young age (OR 0.74 per decade [95%CI 0.64-0.85]), previous stroke/TIA (OR 1.29 [95%CI 1.00-1.67]), absence of heart failure (OR 0.63 [95%CI 0.47-0.85]) and admission in 2013-2015 (OR 2.45 [95%CI 1.91-3.15]). Prescription of OAC at hospital discharge increased from 2003-2010 compared to 2013-2015 (45.2% vs. 69.5%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of temporal trends and despite given indication, more than half of all patients with known AF were not anticoagulated prior to the index stroke. In the NOAC era, there was an increase in OAC intake pre-stroke and a higher rate of OAC prescription at hospital discharge in stroke survivors with known AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hellwig
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juliane Herm
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rudi Ruschmann
- Department of Cardiology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Konieczny
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner site Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Germany.
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Yan B, Tu H, Lam C, Swift C, Ho MS, Mok VCT, Sui Y, Sharpe D, Ghia D, Jannes J, Davis S, Liu X, Freedman B. Nurse Led Smartphone Electrographic Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke: SPOT-AF. J Stroke 2020; 22:387-395. [PMID: 33053954 PMCID: PMC7568969 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) underlying acute stroke frequently evades detection by standard practice, considered to be a combination of routine electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and 24-hour Holter recordings. We hypothesized that nurse-led in-hospital intermittent monitoring approach would increase PAF detection rate. METHODS We recruited patients hospitalised for stroke/transient ischemic attack, without history of atrial fibrillation (AF), in a prospective multi-centre observational study. Patients were monitored using a smartphone-enabled handheld ECG (iECG) during routine nursing observations, and underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring according to local practice. The primary outcome was comparison of AF detection by nurse-led iECG versus Holter monitoring in patients who received both tests: secondary outcome was oral anticoagulant commencement at 3-month following PAF detection. RESULTS One thousand and seventy-nine patients underwent iECG monitoring: 294 had iECG and Holter monitoring. AF was detected in 25/294 (8.5%) by iECG, and 8/294 (2.8%) by 24-hour Holter recordings (P<0.001). Median duration from stroke onset to AF detection for iECG was 3 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6) compared with 7 days (IQR, 6 to 10) for Holter recordings (P=0.02). Of 25 patients with AF detected by iECG, 11 were commenced on oral anticoagulant, compared to 5/8 for Holter. AF was detected in 8.8% (69/785 patients) who underwent iECG recordings only (P=0.8 vs. those who had both iECG and 24-hour Holter). CONCLUSIONS Nurse-led in-hospital iECG surveillance after stroke is feasible and effective and detects more PAF earlier and more frequently than routine 24-hour Holter recordings. Screening with iECG could be incorporated into routine post-stroke nursing observations to increase diagnosis of PAF, and facilitate institution of guideline-recommended anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Yan
- The Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hans Tu
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Footscray, Australia
| | - Christina Lam
- The Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Corey Swift
- The Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ma Sze Ho
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Prince of Wales Hospital, and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Prince of Wales Hospital, and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - David Sharpe
- Neurology Department, Concord General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Darshan Ghia
- Neurology Department, Concord General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Jannes
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen Davis
- The Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute Charles Perkins Centre, and Concord Hospital Cardiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Rücker V, Wiedmann S, O’Flaherty M, Busch MA, Heuschmann PU. Decline in Regional Trends in Mortality of Stroke Subtypes in Germany From 1998 to 2015. Stroke 2018; 49:2577-2583. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rücker
- From the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Germany (V.R., S.W., P.U.H.)
| | - Silke Wiedmann
- From the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Germany (V.R., S.W., P.U.H.)
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- Department of Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health, and Society, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.)
| | - Markus A. Busch
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M.A.B.)
| | - Peter U. Heuschmann
- From the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Germany (V.R., S.W., P.U.H.)
- Comprehensive Heart Failure, University of Würzburg, Germany (P.U.H.)
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (P.U.H.)
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