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Wang L, Huang J, Song J, Yang J, Li L, Guo C, Yang Q, Zi W, Li F, Kong W. Association of functional outcomes between intravenous tirofiban and endovascular thrombectomy in imaging-screened patients with large vessel occlusion stroke: a secondary analysis of randomized clinical trial. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5505-5517. [PMID: 38788200 PMCID: PMC11392134 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the RESCUE BT (endovascular treatment with versus without tirofiban for stroke patients with large vessel occlusion) trial, enrollment in extended time window was based on noncontrast computed tomography. To assess whether perioperative intravenous tirofiban would further enhance the clinical benefit of endovascular therapy in the RESCUE BT trial according to advanced imaging criteria based on current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the RESCUE BT trial. Patients who were eligible for endovascular thrombectomy in the 6 h window and met the criteria of the DAWN or DEFUSE 3 trials in the extended window according to the AHA/ASA guidelines were analyzed. The primary outcome was the distribution of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Safety outcomes included the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h and 90-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 652 patients (319 in tirofiban group and 333 in placebo group) who meeting the AHA/ASA guidelines were included in this analysis, with median interquartile ranges (IQR) age of 68 (58-75) years, 278 (42.6%) were women. The median 90-day mRS score was 3 (IQR, 1-4) in the tirofiban group, and 3 (IQR, 1-4) in the placebo group. The adjusted common odds ratio (OR) for a lower level of disability with tirofiban than with placebo was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.83-1.42). The incidence of sICH [10.1% versus 6.3%; adjusted OR 1.70; (95% CI: 0.95-3.04)] was not significantly different between groups. However, intravenous tirofiban might be associated with lower disability level [adjusted common OR, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14-2.65); P =0.01] in patients with large artery atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the severity of disability at 90 days with intravenous tirofiban compared to placebo in patients who underwent endovascular therapy according to AHA/ASA guidelines. The authors observed potential benefits of tirofiban in patients with large artery atherosclerosis, but there was an increased risk of sICH in patients with cardioembolism stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zigong Third People's Hospital, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, He W, Li M, Yang J, Huang J, Kong W, Guo C, Hu J, Liu S, Yang D, Song J, Peng Z, Li L, Tian Y, Zi W, Yue C, Li F. Predictors of outcome in large vessel occlusion stroke patients with intravenous tirofiban treatment: a post hoc analysis of the RESCUE BT clinical trial. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38956505 PMCID: PMC11218210 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing good outcomes in patients receiving only intravenous tirofiban with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke. METHODS Post hoc exploratory analysis using the RESCUE BT trial identified consecutive patients who received intravenous tirofiban with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke in 55 comprehensive stroke centers from October 2018 to January 2022 in China. RESULTS A total of 521 patients received intravenous tirofiban, 253 of whom achieved a good 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-2). Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.965, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.947-0.982; p < 0.001), lower serum glucose (aOR: 0.865, 95%CI: 0.807-0.928; p < 0.001), lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (aOR: 0.907, 95%CI: 0.869-0.947; p < 0.001), fewer total passes (aOR: 0.791, 95%CI: 0.665-0.939; p = 0.008), shorter punctures to recanalization time (aOR: 0.995, 95%CI:0.991-0.999; p = 0.017), and modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score 2b to 3 (aOR: 8.330, 95%CI: 2.705-25.653; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of good outcomes after intravenous tirofiban with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke. CONCLUSION Younger age, lower serum glucose level, lower baseline NIHSS score, fewer total passes, shorter punctures to recanalization time, and mTICI scores of 2b to 3 were independent predictors of good outcomes after intravenous tirofiban with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY IDENTIFIER ChiCTR-IOR-17014167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wencheng He
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiqiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Changwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dahong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhouzhou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chengsong Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Rong B, Guo Z, Gao L, Yang Y, Zi W, Qiu Z, Li F, Lv Z, Luo Y, Meng R, Xie Y, Long T, Zhang S, Jiang J, Tian J, Zhao J, Zeng H, Yuan Z. Association of tirofiban treatment with outcomes following endovascular therapy in cardioembolic stroke: insights from the RESCUE BT randomized trial. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:473. [PMID: 37915101 PMCID: PMC10621173 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The efficacy and safety of tirofiban in endovascular therapy for cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the role of intravenous tirofiban before endovascular therapy in cardioembolic stroke. METHODS This post hoc analysis utilized data from the RESCUE BT (Endovascular Treatment With versus Without Tirofiban for Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke) trial, which was an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive either tirofiban or a placebo in a 1:1 ratio before undergoing endovascular therapy. The study included patients aged 18 years or older, presenting with occlusion of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1/M2 within 24 h of the last known well time, and with a stroke etiology of cardioembolism. The primary efficacy outcome was global disability at 90 days, assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The safety outcome included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h and mortality within 90 days. RESULTS A total of 406 cardioembolic stroke patients were included in this study, with 212 assigned to the tirofiban group and 194 assigned to the placebo group. Tirofiban treatment did not correlate with a favorable shift towards a lower 90-day mRS score (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI 0.64-1.3; p = 0.617). However, the tirofiban group had a significantly higher risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h (adjusted OR, 3.26; 95% CI 1.4-7.57; p = 0.006) compared to the placebo group. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for mortality within 90 days was 1.48 (95% CI 0.88-2.52; p = 0.143). CONCLUSIONS Tirofiban treatment was not associated with a lower level of disability and increased the incidence of sICH after endovascular therapy in cardioembolic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benbing Rong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangbao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The 903Rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Renliang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinshan Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Zhanggong District, 17 Hongqi Avenue, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Zhengzhou Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Huang J, Kong W, Liu C, Song J, Yang J, Yue C, Li L, Hu J, Tian Y, Peng Z, Guo C, Yang D, Liu X, Miao J, Zhang X, Li F, Saver JL, Zi W. Intravenous tirofiban following successful reperfusion in intracranial large artery atherosclerotic stroke: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2043-2052. [PMID: 37649303 PMCID: PMC10646994 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether treatment with adjunct intravenous tirofiban is associated with improved outcomes following successful reperfusion in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke. METHODS Patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke and an expanded Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia angiographic score of 2b50 to 3 from the Effect of Intravenous Tirofiban versus Placebo Before Endovascular Thrombectomy on Functional Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke (RESCUE BT) trial were included. The primary outcome was the difference in proportion of independent functional outcome (modified Rankin score of 0-2 at 90 days). Safety outcomes included the rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality. RESULTS Among the 382 patients with intracranial LAA stroke and successful reperfusion, 175 patients (45.8%) were treated with intravenous tirofiban and 207 (54.2%) with placebo. The proportion of patients with independent functional outcome at 90 days was 54.3% (95 out of 175) with tirofiban and 44.0% (91 out of 207) with placebo (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.44; p = 0.04). Intravenous tirofiban was not significantly associated with an increased risk of sICH (12/175 [6.9%] vs. 11/207 [5.3%]; aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.59-3.34; p = 0.44) or 90-day mortality (21/175 [12.0%] vs. 34/207 [16.4%]; aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.38-1.31; p = 0.27). INTERPRETATION Among patients with acute intracranial LAA stroke and successful reperfusion following endovascular thrombectomy, adjunct intravenous tirofiban was associated with a higher rate of independent functional outcome, without higher rates of sICH or mortality. Confirmatory randomized trials in these patients are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong DistrictChongqing400010China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Chengsong Yue
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Zhouzhou Peng
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Changwei Guo
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Dahong Yang
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jian Miao
- Department of NeurologyXianyang Hospital of Yan'an UniversityNo. 38, Middle Section of Wenlin RoadXianyang712000China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University Xi'an No.3 HospitalXi'an710000China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jeffrey L. Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke CenterDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia90095USA
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of NeurologyXinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
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Sang H, Huang J, Jiang B, Guo Q, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M, Han Q, Zhou S, Tao Z, Mao A, Yan Z, Du J, Jin Y, Huang C, Liu T, Zhao W, Gu G, Wang L, Liu S, Luo S, Pu J, Hu J, Yang J, Li F, Zi W, Hu X, Qiu Z. Association between intravenous tirofiban and intracranial hemorrhage in acute large vessel occlusion stroke: insight from the RESCUE BT randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol 2023; 270:2246-2255. [PMID: 36697890 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the association between intravenous tirofiban and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) receiving endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) within 24 h of time last known well (LKW). METHODS Patients with AIS-LVO who were randomly assigned to receive intravenous tirofiban or placebo before EVT within 24 h of time LKW and had follow-up brain non-contrast computed tomography within 24 h after stopping tirofiban treatment were derived from "RESCUE BT": a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. All eligible patients were divided into SICH and NO-SICH groups. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore for heterogeneity. RESULTS Of 945 patients included in this cohort, there were 76 (8.0%) in the SICH group and 869 (92.0%) in the NO-SICH group. The incidence of SICH was not higher in patients receiving intravenous tirofiban compared with placebo (adjusted risk ratio (RR), 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97-2.36; P = 0.07). Subgroup analyses showed that age greater than 67-year-old (adjusted RR, 2.18; 95% CI 1.18-4.00), NIHSS greater than 16 (adjusted RR, 1.88; 95% CI 1.06-3.34), and cardioembolism (adjusted RR, 3.73; 95% CI 1.66-8.35) were associated with increased SICH risk. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke, intravenous tirofiban before EVT within 24 h of time from last known well is not associated with increased risk of SICH. Patients who are older, have more severe neurological deficits, or with cardioembolism are at higher risk of SICH with intravenous tirofiban. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR-INR-17014167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bingwu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Qifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 725 Albany St, Neurology 7Th Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, FGH Building, 4th Floor, 820 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, FGH Building, 4th Floor, 820 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Simin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Zhaojun Tao
- Department of Medical Engineering, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - An Mao
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Zhizhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Neurology, Kaizhou District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 405400, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Neurology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, 138000, Songyuan, China
| | - Chuming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Gangfeng Gu
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an People's Hospital, 625000, Ya'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shugai Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, 628000, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Department of Military Patient Management, The 904th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 14, Lingyin Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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Peng Z, Song J, Li L, Guo C, Yang J, Kong W, Huang J, Hu J, Liu S, Tian Y, Yang D, Li F, Zi W, Xie D, Yang Q. Association between stress hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36914967 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the association between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and clinical outcomes at 90 days in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion receiving endovascular treatment. METHODS The RESCUE BT trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, consisting of 948 stroke patients from 55 centers in China. A total of 542 patients with glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values at admission were included in this analysis. SHR, measured by glucose/HbA1C, was evaluated as both a tri-categorical variable (≤1.07 vs. 1.08-1.29 vs. ≥1.30) and a continuous variable. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤2) at 90 days. The secondary outcome included excellent functional outcome (mRS score ≤1) and safety outcomes, such as 90-day mortality and intracranial hemorrhage. The study was registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-INR-17014167). RESULTS Compared with patients in the lowest tertile of SHR, the highest tertile group had significantly lower odds of achieving favorable functional outcome of mRS score of 0-2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.69; p < 0.001) and excellent clinical outcome of mRS score of 0-1 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.79; p = 0.004) at 90 days after adjusting for potential covariates. Similar results were observed after further adjustment for preexisting diabetes and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS). CONCLUSION Stress hyperglycemia ratio, as measured by the glucose/HbA1C, was associated with a decreased odds of achieving a favorable functional outcome in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dahong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongjing Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen Q, Meng R, Wu D, Hu J, Tao Z, Xie D, Tian Y, Han Q, Fu Y, Zuo L, Zhang M, Dai W, Deng W, Huang X, Sang H, Feng X, Qiu Z, Wang T, Yuan J. Association of Intravenous Tirofiban with Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Receiving Endovascular Thrombectomy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 52:451-459. [PMID: 36481613 PMCID: PMC10568592 DOI: 10.1159/000527483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intravenous tirofiban improves functional outcomes without promoting the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in stroke secondary to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) receiving endovascular thrombectomy. METHODS Patients with acute BAO stroke who were treated with endovascular thrombectomy and had tirofiban treatment information were derived from "BASILAR": a nationwide, prospective registry. All eligible patients were divided into tirofiban and no-tirofiban groups according to whether tirofiban was used intravenously. The primary endpoint was the 90-day severity of disability as assessed by the modified Rankin scale score. Safety outcomes were the frequency of ICH and mortality. RESULTS Of 645 patients included in this cohort, 363 were in the tirofiban group and 282 were in the no-tirofiban group. Thrombectomy with intravenous tirofiban reduced the 90-day disability level over the range of the modified Rankin scale (adjusted common odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-2.97; p < 0.001). The 90-day mortality of patients in the tirofiban group was lower than that in the no-tirofiban group (41.6% vs. 52.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77; p < 0.001). The frequency of any ICH (6.7% vs. 13.7%; p = 0.004) and symptomatic ICH (4.8% vs. 10.1%; p = 0.01) in the tirofiban group was significantly lower than that in the no-tirofiban group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute BAO stroke who underwent endovascular treatment, intravenous tirofiban might be associated with favorable outcome, reduced mortality, and a decreased frequency of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Renliang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Deping Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Huaian Medical District of Jingling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Huaian, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaojun Tao
- Department of Medical Engineering, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjing Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Second Outpatient, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Central Sterile Supply Department, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese Medical Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Weipeng Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xianjun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinggang Feng
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People’s Hospital), Huainan, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The 925th Hospital of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guiyang, China
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Qiu Z, Li F, Sang H, Luo W, Liu S, Liu W, Guo Z, Li H, Sun D, Huang W, Zhang M, Zhang M, Dai W, Zhou P, Deng W, Zhou Z, Huang X, Lei B, Li J, Yuan Z, Song B, Miao J, Liu S, Jin Z, Zeng G, Zeng H, Yuan J, Wen C, Yu Y, Yuan G, Wu J, Long C, Luo J, Tian Z, Zheng C, Hu Z, Wang S, Wang T, Qi L, Li R, Wan Y, Ke Y, Wu Y, Zhu X, Kong W, Huang J, Peng D, Chang M, Ge H, Shi Z, Yan Z, Du J, Jin Y, Ju D, Huang C, Hong Y, Liu T, Zhao W, Wang J, Zheng B, Wang L, Liu S, Luo X, Luo S, Xu X, Hu J, Pu J, Chen S, Sun Y, Jiang S, Wei L, Fu X, Bai Y, Yang S, Hu W, Zhang G, Pan C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Cao W, Yang S, Zhang J, Guo F, Wen H, Zhang J, Song J, Yue C, Li L, Wu D, Tian Y, Yang J, Lu M, Saver JL, Nogueira RG, Zi W, Yang Q. Effect of Intravenous Tirofiban vs Placebo Before Endovascular Thrombectomy on Functional Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: The RESCUE BT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 328:543-553. [PMID: 35943471 PMCID: PMC9364124 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tirofiban is a highly selective nonpeptide antagonist of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, which reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation. It remains uncertain whether intravenous tirofiban is effective to improve functional outcomes for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and adverse events of intravenous tirofiban before endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was implemented at 55 hospitals in China, enrolling 948 patients with stroke and proximal intracranial large vessel occlusion presenting within 24 hours of time last known well. Recruitment took place between October 10, 2018, and October 31, 2021, with final follow-up on January 15, 2022. INTERVENTIONS Participants received intravenous tirofiban (n = 463) or placebo (n = 485) prior to endovascular thrombectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was disability level at 90 days as measured by overall distribution of the modified Rankin Scale scores from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death). The primary safety outcome was the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours. RESULTS Among 948 patients randomized (mean age, 67 years; 391 [41.2%] women), 948 (100%) completed the trial. The median (IQR) 90-day modified Rankin Scale score in the tirofiban group vs placebo group was 3 (1-4) vs 3 (1-4). The adjusted common odds ratio for a lower level of disability with tirofiban vs placebo was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.86-1.36). Incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 9.7% in the tirofiban group vs 6.4% in the placebo group (difference, 3.3% [95% CI, -0.2% to 6.8%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, treatment with intravenous tirofiban, compared with placebo, before endovascular therapy resulted in no significant difference in disability severity at 90 days. The findings do not support use of intravenous tirofiban before endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR-IOR-17014167.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
- Department of Neurology, The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengli Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular diseases, The General Hospital of Tibet Military Area Command, Lhasa, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huagang Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenguo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese Medical Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese Medical Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Weipeng Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Peiyang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianjun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhou Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jian Miao
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Yongchuan, China
| | - Zhenglong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Guoyong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Changming Wen
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Guangxiong Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Junxiong Wu
- Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chen Long
- Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhenxuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Chong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Affliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Zhizhou Hu
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Affliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huainan First People's Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Neurology, The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Rongzong Li
- Department of Neurology, The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingbing Ke
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Youlin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou, China
| | - Weilin Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Daizhou Peng
- Department of Neurology, Qianxinan People's Hospital, Xingyi, China
| | - Mingze Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Third Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanming Ge
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Third Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhonghua Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Neurology, Kaizhou District People's Hospital, Kaizhou, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Neurology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, China
| | - Dongsheng Ju
- Department of Neurology, Songyuan Jilin Oilfield Hospital, Songyuan, China
| | - Chuming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, China
| | - Shugai Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shunfu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jingdezhen First People's Hospital, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Neurointervention, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinmin Fu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, China
| | - Shunyu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Danzhai County People's Hospital, Danzhai, China
| | - Chengde Pan
- Department of Neurology, Banan District People's Hospital, Banan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiquan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The 902nd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Bengbu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuqiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbin Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei Arts and Science University, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chengsong Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Deping Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Mengjie Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- Department of Neurology, Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Centre, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenjie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
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