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Özsoy M, Stummer N, Zimmermann FA, Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Weghuber D, Schneider AM. Role of Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1443-1450. [PMID: 35247048 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurring inflammation of the intestine which can be debilitating for those with intractable disease. However, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disorders remains to be solved. The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial factor in the disease process is being validated by an increasing number of recent studies. Thus mitochondrial alteration in conjunction with previously identified genetic predisposition, changes in the immune response, altered gut microbiota, and environmental factors (eg, diet, smoking, and lifestyle) are all posited to contribute to IBD. The implicated factors seem to affect mitochondrial function or are influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains many of the hallmarks of the disease. This review summarizes the results of studies reporting links between mitochondria and IBD that were available on PubMed through March 2021. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihriban Özsoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz A Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna M Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Chêne C, Jeljeli MM, Rongvaux-Gaïda D, Thomas M, Rieger F, Batteux F, Nicco C. A Fenton-like cation can improve arsenic trioxide treatment of sclerodermatous chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917739. [PMID: 36016953 PMCID: PMC9395715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus Host Disease (GvHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. GvHD is characterized by the chronic activation of immune cells leading to the development of systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, fibrosis and eventually death. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a therapeutic agent under clinical trial for the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD). This therapy is admittedly rather safe although adverse effects can occur and may necessitate short interruptions of the treatment. The aim of this study was to combine ATO with a divalent cation, to generate a Fenton or Fenton-like reaction in order to potentiate the deletion of activated immune cells through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated effects of ATO in a mouse model, and thereby enabling the use of lower and safer ATO concentrations to treat patients with cGvHD. In vitro, among the various combinations of divalent cations tested, we observed that the combination of ATO and CuCl2 (copper chloride) induced a high level of oxidative stress in HL-60 and A20 cells. In addition, this co-treatment also decreased the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes during a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In vivo, in a cGvHD mouse model, daily injections of ATO 2.5 µg/g + CuCl2 0.5 µg/g induce a decrease in lymphocyte activation and fibrosis that was equivalent to that induced by ATO 5 µg/g. Our results show that the addition of CuCl2 improved the effects of ATO and significantly limited the development of the disease. This co-treatment could be a real benefit in human patients to substantially decrease the known ATO side effects and optimize ATO treatment in pathologies characterized by activated cells sensitive to an increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Chêne
- Département 3I Infection, Immunité et Inflammation , Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- MEDSENIC SAS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Maxime Jeljeli
- Département 3I Infection, Immunité et Inflammation , Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d’immunologie biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Thomas
- Département 3I Infection, Immunité et Inflammation , Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Batteux
- Département 3I Infection, Immunité et Inflammation , Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d’immunologie biologique, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Batteux, ; Carole Nicco,
| | - Carole Nicco
- Département 3I Infection, Immunité et Inflammation , Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Batteux, ; Carole Nicco,
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Rongvaux-Gaïda D, Dupuis M, Poupon J, Djebrani-Oussedik N, Lemonnier C, Rieger F. High Response Rate and Corticosteroid Sparing with Arsenic Trioxide-Based First-Line Therapy in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:679.e1-679.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Singh H, Singh R, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Herbo-metallic ethnomedicine 'Malla Sindoor' ameliorates lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma by modulating cytokines status and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115120. [PMID: 35202713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is the leading inflammatory disease of the airways with inadequate therapeutic options. 'Malla Sindoor' (MS) is a metal-based ethnomedicinal formulation that has been prescribed in the ancient traditional medicinal system for treating chronic inflammations. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we validated the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties of traditional metallic medicine MS in asthmatic mice model and in LPS stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells, by examining the relevant cellular, biochemical and molecular intermediates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed to characterize MS particles. Allergic asthma was induced in Balb/c mice through intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) injection. Experimental groups include, normal control, disease control, Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) and three MS treated groups: 4.3 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, and 39 mg/kg. Quantitative PCR, inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant enzymes, and histological analysis were performed, in the treated mice and LPS stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells for determining the MS efficacy. RESULTS SEM image analysis showed the MS to be heterogenous in shape with a particle size distribution between 100 nm-1 μm. Elemental composition showed the presence of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and sulphur (S) along with other elements in the forms of mercury sulfide, arsenic trioxide, and their alloy crystals. OVA-challenge of the Balb/c mice resulted in the development of overt pathological features for allergic asthma including smooth muscle thickening and collagen deposition. Mice receiving MS-exhibited alleviation of allergic asthma features. BAL fluid analysis showed a decrease in the total cell count and decreases in neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Further, the stimulated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and TNF-α cytokines and antioxidant levels were also reduced upon MS-treatment. At the molecular level, MS-treatment reduced stimulated mRNA expression levels for IL-4, -5, -10, -13, -33, and IFN-γ cytokines. Histological analysis following MS-treatment of OVA-stimulated mice lungs showed a reduction in mucus accumulation in airways, decreases in peribronchial collagen deposition, bronchial smooth muscle thickening, and attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, under in-vitro conditions, MS-treatment attenuated the LPS induced secretion of IL-1β, -6, and TNF-α from THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results suggest that MS acts as an effective anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory agent, by regulating various cellular, biochemical and molecular intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; Patanjali UK Trust, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rani Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India; Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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Xiu MX, Liu YM, Chen GY, Hu C, Kuang BH. Identifying Hub Genes, Key Pathways and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Pediatric and Adult Ulcerative Colitis by Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3002-3014. [PMID: 32974809 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune cell infiltration characteristics of pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS We conducted DEG analysis using the microarray dataset GSE87473 containing 19 pediatric and 87 adult UC samples downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using Metascape. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the drug-target interaction network of DEGs and identified hub modules and genes using Cytoscape and analyzed immune cell infiltration in pediatric and adult UC using CIBERSORT. RESULTS In total, 1700 DEGs were screened from the dataset. These genes were enriched mainly in inter-cellular items relating to cell junctions, cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton and transmembrane receptor signaling pathways and intra-cellular items relating to the splicing, metabolism and localization of RNA. CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC were identified as hub DEGs. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed higher proportions of naive B cells, resting memory T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages and activated mast cells in pediatric UC, along with lower proportions of memory B cells, follicular helper T cells, γδ T cells, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that hub genes CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC and immune cells including B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells play vital roles in the pathological differences between pediatric and adult UC and may serve as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Xiu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Liu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Chen
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo-Hai Kuang
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Ye Y, Gaugler B, Mohty M, Malard F. Old dog, new trick: Trivalent arsenic as an immunomodulatory drug. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2199-2214. [PMID: 32022256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trivalent arsenic (As(III)) is recently found to be an immunomodulatory agent. As(III) has therapeutic potential in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in vivo. In vitro, it selectively induces apoptosis of immune cells due to different sensitivity. At a non-toxic level, As(III) shows its multifaceted nature by inducing either pro- or anti-inflammatory functions of immune subsets. These effects are exerted by either As(III)-protein interactions or as a consequence of As(III)-induced homeostasis imbalance. The immunomodulatory properties also show synergistic effects of As(III) with cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects of As(III), focusing on the effects of As(III) on immune subsets in vitro, on mouse models of immune-related diseases, and the role of As(III) in cancer immunotherapy. Updates of the mechanisms of action, the pioneer clinical trials, dosing, and adverse events of therapeutic As(III) are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ye
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Tian W, Wang Z, Tang NN, Li JT, Liu Y, Chu WF, Yang BF. Ascorbic Acid Sensitizes Colorectal Carcinoma to the Cytotoxicity of Arsenic Trioxide via Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Apoptosis and Pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32153415 PMCID: PMC7047232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, its anti-tumor effect on solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) is still in debate. Ascorbic acid (AA) also produces a selective cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. Here, we exploit the potential benefit of ATO/AA combination in generating cytotoxicity to CRC cells, which may lay the groundwork for the potential combinational chemotherapy of CRCs. According to the results, we found that ATO and AA effectively inhibited the viability of human CRC cells in a synergistic manner. AA and ATO corporately activated caspase-3 to trigger apoptosis and upregulated the expression of caspase-1 and promoted formation of inflammasomes to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction was demonstrated as a subcellular mechanism for apoptosis and pyroptosis induced by ATO/AA combination treatment. Our findings suggest that ATO combination with a conventional dosage of AA offers an advantage for killing CRC cells. The synergistic action of ATO/AA combination might be considered a plausible strategy for the treatment of CRC and perhaps other solid tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia-Tong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Feng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Abstract
In 1992, arsenic trioxide (As2O3, ATO) was demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), rekindling attention to ATO applications in U.S. Food and Drug Administration clinical trials for the treatment of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphomas, and solid tumors. ATO is a potent chemotherapeutic drug that can also be used to treat other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, because it affects multiple pathways including apoptosis induction, differentiation stimulation, and proliferation inhibition. As inflammation is a critical component of disease progression, ATO is a feasible treatment option based on its ability to protect against inflammation. However, ATO is also a well-known carcinogen because of its pro-inflammatory effect. This review will focus on the double-sided effects of ATO on inflammation as well as the relevant mechanisms underlying these effects, aiming to provide a rational understanding of how ATO effects the immune system. We especially aim to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge of how ATO influences inflammation.
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Moulahoum H, Boumaza BMA, Ferrat M, Bounaama A, Djerdjouri B. Arsenic trioxide ameliorates murine colon inflammation through inflammatory cell enzymatic modulation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:259-270. [PMID: 30415273 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a trending subject in recent therapy approaches despite its described toxicity. In this work, we have investigated the use of arsenic trioxide in a murine model of chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease "colitis." Male mice were randomly separated into four different groups. Controls received vehicle, arsenic group had a daily injection of As2O3 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 days. Colitis was induced through intra-rectal instillation of 4% (v/v) solution of acetic acid in the second day. The treatment group (As2O3 + acetic acid) received the same treatment as the two previous groups. Twenty-four hours after colitis challenge, animals were sacrificed and organs (colons, livers, and kidneys) were taken for analysis. Disease-related macroscopic and microscopic symptoms, as well as histologic observations, showed a high index in the colitis group, which was greatly reduced by the As2O3 pretreatment. Similarly, colon length was reduced during colon inflammation, which was prevented in the presence of As2O3. Inflammatory cells and oxidative stress markers significantly increased during inflammation accompanied by a considerable reduction of antioxidants. As2O3 treatment managed to reverse these observations to normal levels. Mitochondrial implication was observed through mPTP opening phenomena and semi-quantitative cell death estimation. Low-dose As2O3 use as a mean of preventing the acute phase of colitis can be seen as an interesting approach which counts as a great addition to IBD available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria. .,Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Belkacem Mohamed Amine Boumaza
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Ferrat
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Bounaama
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bahia Djerdjouri
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Duan X, Gao S, Li J, Wu L, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Chen J, Yang S, Sun G, Li B. Acute arsenic exposure induces inflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell subpopulations differentiation in spleen and thymus with the involvement of MAPK, NF-kB, and Nrf2. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Inflammatory bowel disease: exploring gut pathophysiology for novel therapeutic targets. Transl Res 2016; 176:38-68. [PMID: 27220087 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the 2 major phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are influenced by a complex interplay of immunological and genetic elements, though the precise etiology still remains unknown. With IBD developing into a globally prevailing disease, there is a need to explore new targets and a thorough understanding of the pathophysiological differences between the healthy and diseased gut could unearth new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we provide an overview of the major aspects of IBD pathogenesis and thereafter present a comprehensive analysis of the gut pathophysiology leading to a discussion on some of the most promising targets and biologic therapies currently being explored. These include various gut proteins (CXCL-10, GATA-3, NKG2D, CD98, microRNAs), immune cells recruited to the gut (mast cells, eosinophils, toll-like receptors 2, 4), dysregulated proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, -13, -18, -21), and commensal microbiota (probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation). We also evaluate some of the emerging nonconventional therapies being explored in IBD treatment focusing on the latest developments in stem cell research, oral targeting of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, novel anti-inflammatory signaling pathway targeting, adenosine deaminase inhibition, and the beneficial effects of antioxidant and nutraceutical therapies. In addition, we highlight the growth of biologics and their targets in IBD by providing information on the preclinical and clinical development of over 60 biopharmaceuticals representing the state of the art in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease drug development.
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12
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Does oral exposure to cadmium and lead mediate susceptibility to colitis? The dark-and-bright sides of heavy metals in gut ecology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19200. [PMID: 26752005 PMCID: PMC4707487 DOI: 10.1038/srep19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known environmental health concerns, their long-term impacts on gut ecology and susceptibility to gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases have not been extensively investigated. We sought to determine whether subchronic oral exposure to Cd or Pb is a risk factor for the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mice were exposed to various doses of CdCl2 or PbCl2 in drinking water for 1, 4 or 6 weeks prior to infection with Salmonella, the induction of colitis with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). In human cell-based models, exposure to Cd and Pb is associated with reduced transepithelial electric resistance and changes in bacteria-induced cytokine responses. Although 1- and 6-week exposures did not have clear effects on the response to Salmonella infectious challenges, 1-week short-term treatments with CdCl2 tended to enhance intestinal inflammation in mice. Unexpectedly, subchronic exposure to Cd and (to a lesser extent) Pb significantly mitigated some of the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis and reduced the severity of TNBS colitis in a dose-dependent manner. The possible adaptive and immunosuppressive mechanisms by which heavy metals might reduce intestinal inflammation are explored and discussed.
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Maier NK, Crown D, Liu J, Leppla SH, Moayeri M. Arsenic trioxide and other arsenical compounds inhibit the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasomes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:763-70. [PMID: 24337744 PMCID: PMC3884817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to diverse intracellular danger signals. Inflammasome components termed nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) proteins act as sensors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, stress, or danger stimuli. We discovered that arsenicals, including arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite, inhibited activation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasomes by their respective activating signals, anthrax lethal toxin, nigericin, and flagellin. These compounds prevented the autoproteolytic activation of caspase-1 and the processing and secretion of IL-1β from macrophages. Inhibition was independent of protein synthesis induction, proteasome-mediated protein breakdown, or kinase signaling pathways. Arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite did not directly modify or inhibit the activity of preactivated recombinant caspase-1. Rather, they induced a cellular state inhibitory to both the autoproteolytic and substrate cleavage activities of caspase-1, which was reversed by the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine but not by reducing agents or NO pathway inhibitors. Arsenicals provided protection against NLRP1-dependent anthrax lethal toxin-mediated cell death and prevented NLRP3-dependent neutrophil recruitment in a monosodium urate crystal inflammatory murine peritonitis model. These findings suggest a novel role in inhibition of the innate immune response for arsenical compounds that have been used as therapeutics for a few hundred years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan K. Maier
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devorah Crown
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen H. Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Macoch M, Morzadec C, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Inorganic arsenic impairs differentiation and functions of human dendritic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:204-13. [PMID: 23164666 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated that the antileukemic trivalent inorganic arsenic prevents the development of severe pro-inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive Th1 and Th17 cell responses. Differentiation of Th1 and Th17 subsets is mainly regulated by interleukins (ILs) secreted from dendritic cells (DCs) and the ability of inorganic arsenic to impair interferon-γ and IL-17 secretion by interfering with the physiology of DCs is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that high concentrations of sodium arsenite (As(III), 1-2 μM) clinically achievable in plasma of arsenic-treated patients, block differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into immature DCs (iDCs) by inducing their necrosis. Differentiation of monocytes in the presence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of As(III) (0.1 to 0.5 μM) only slightly impacts endocytotic activity of iDCs or expression of co-stimulatory molecules in cells activated with lipopolysaccharide. However, this differentiation in the presence of As(III) strongly represses secretion of IL-12p70 and IL-23, two major regulators of Th1 and Th17 activities, from iDCs stimulated with different toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in metalloid-free medium. Such As(III)-exposed DCs also exhibit reduced mRNA levels of IL12A and/or IL12B genes when activated with TLR agonists. Finally, differentiation of monocytes with non-cytotoxic concentrations of As(III) subsequently reduces the ability of activated DCs to stimulate the release of interferon-γ and IL-17 from Th cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that clinically relevant concentrations of inorganic arsenic markedly impair in vitro differentiation and functions of DCs, which may contribute to the putative beneficial effects of the metalloid towards inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélinda Macoch
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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15
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Morzadec C, Macoch M, Robineau M, Sparfel L, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Inorganic arsenic represses interleukin-17A expression in human activated Th17 lymphocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:217-22. [PMID: 22617429 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent inorganic arsenic [As(III)] is an efficient anticancer agent used to treat patients suffering from acute promyelocytic leukemia. Recently, experimental studies have clearly demonstrated that this metalloid can also cure lymphoproliferative and/or pro-inflammatory syndromes in different murine models of chronic immune-mediated diseases. T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 lymphocytes play a central role in development of these diseases, in mice and humans, especially by secreting the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and IL-17A, respectively. As(III) impairs basic functions of human T cells but its ability to modulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by differentiated Th lymphocytes is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that As(III), used at concentrations clinically achievable in plasma of patients, has no effect on the secretion of interferon-γ from Th1 cells but almost totally blocks the expression and the release of IL-17A from human Th17 lymphocytes co-stimulated for five days with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, in the presence of differentiating cytokines. In addition, As(III) specifically reduces mRNA levels of the retinoic-related orphan receptor (ROR)C gene which encodes RORγt, a key transcription factor controlling optimal IL-17 expression in fully differentiated Th17 cells. The metalloid also blocks initial expression of IL-17 gene induced by the co-stimulation, probably in part by impairing activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that As(III) represses expression of the major pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A produced by human Th17 lymphocytes, thus strengthening the idea that As(III) may be useful to treat inflammatory immune-mediated diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Morzadec
- UMR INSERM U1085, Institut de Recherche sur lSanté, l'Environnement et Travail, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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