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He Q, Yu CF, Wu G, Wang KQ, Ni YB, Guo X, Fu ZH, Wang L, Tan DJ, Gao H, Wang C, Chen G, Chen XH, Chen B, Wang JZ. A novel alternative for pyrogen detection based on a transgenic cell line. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:33. [PMID: 38369543 PMCID: PMC10874988 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrogen, often as a contaminant, is a key indicator affecting the safety of almost all parenteral drugs (including biologicals, chemicals, traditional Chinese medicines and medical devices). It has become a goal to completely replace the in vivo rabbit pyrogen test by using the in vitro pyrogen test based on the promoted 'reduction, replacement and refinement' principle, which has been highly considered by regulatory agencies from different countries. We used NF-κB, a central signalling molecule mediating inflammatory responses, as a pyrogenic marker and the monocyte line THP-1 transfected with a luciferase reporter gene regulated by NF-κB as an in vitro model to detect pyrogens by measuring the intensity of a fluorescence signal. Here, we show that this test can quantitatively and sensitively detect endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from different strains) and nonendotoxin (lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, peptidoglycan, lectin and glucan), has good stability in terms of NF-κB activity and cell phenotypes at 39 cell passages and can be applied to detect pyrogens in biologicals (group A & C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine; basiliximab; rabies vaccine (Vero cells) for human use, freeze-dried; Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Vero cells), inactivated; insulin aspart injection; human albumin; recombinant human erythropoietin injection (CHO Cell)). The within-laboratory reproducibility of the test in three independent laboratories was 85%, 80% and 80% and the interlaboratory reproducibility among laboratories was 83.3%, 95.6% and 86.7%. The sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) of the test were 89.9% and 90.9%, respectively. In summary, the test provides a novel alternative for pyrogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Fei Yu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai-Qin Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bo Ni
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Fu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - De-Jiang Tan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bo Chen
- KeyMed Biosciences Inc., Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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Cirefice G, Schütte K, Spreitzer I, Charton E, Shaid S, Viviani L, Rubbrecht M, Manou I. The future of pyrogenicity testing: Phasing out the rabbit pyrogen test. A meeting report. Biologicals 2023; 84:101702. [PMID: 37643507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) was the benchmark for pyrogenicity testing, but scientific advancements have provided innovative and humane methods, such as the in vitro monocyte-activation test (MAT). However, transitioning from the RPT to the MAT has been challenging. The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, the Council of Europe, and the European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing jointly hosted an international conference entitled "The future of pyrogenicity testing: phasing out the rabbit pyrogen test". The conference aimed to show how the European Pharmacopoeia intends to remove the RPT from its texts by 2026, facilitate the use of MAT, and identify gaps in the suppression of RPT. The events contributed to a better understanding of the barriers to RPT replacement and acceptance of in vitro alternatives. Participants comprised stakeholders from Asia, Europe, and North America, including vaccine developers, contract laboratories, and regulators. Participants shared their replacement strategies and experiences with MAT implementation. They emphasised the need for continued cooperation between stakeholders and stressed the importance of international harmonisation of regulatory requirements to help accelerate MAT acceptance outside Europe. Despite the challenges, the willingness to eliminate the unnecessary use of RPT was common across all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Cirefice
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Charton
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Irene Manou
- European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA), Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Jiang J, Huang B, Li N, An C, Sun C, Shen Y, Gooneratne R, Cui H, Zhan S, Wang Y. Simple and fast colorimetric detection of lipopolysaccharide based on aptamer and SYBR Green I mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:231-239. [PMID: 36347371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) poses a considerable threat to food safety and human health. A colorimetric assay for LPS detection based on LPS binding aptamer (LBA) and SYBR Green I (SG) mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was established. In the absence of LPS, the LBA was absorbed onto the AuNPs surface which prevented SG-induced aggregation of AuNPs, and the sensing system exhibited red color. When LPS was added, it interacted with the LBA, forming a complex. At higher LPS concentration, many LBAs were exhausted resulting in SG-induced aggregation of AuNPs, and color change from red to blue. The range of colorimetric detection of LPS was linear in 0-12 EU/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.1698 EU/mL. Spiked LPS in real samples and interfering substances were also identified. This assay ingeniously using the fluorescent dye SG as an effective trigger of AuNPs aggregation, is rapid and facile than most of those earlier reported LBA-based LPS assays, and there is potential to be modified to construct assays for other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingna Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ningjun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changcheng An
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenshan Zhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Erzina D, Capecchi A, Javor S, Reymond J. An Immunomodulatory Peptide Dendrimer Inspired from Glatiramer Acetate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Erzina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alice Capecchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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5
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Erzina D, Capecchi A, Javor S, Reymond J. An Immunomodulatory Peptide Dendrimer Inspired from Glatiramer Acetate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26403-26408. [PMID: 34618395 PMCID: PMC9298260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a random polypeptide drug used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease. With the aim of identifying a precisely defined alternative to GA, we synthesized a library of peptide dendrimers with an amino acid composition similar to GA. We then challenged the dendrimers to trigger the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) from human monocytes, which is one of the effects of GA on immune cells. Several of the largest dendrimers tested were as active as GA. Detailed profiling of the best hit showed that this dendrimer induces the differentiation of monocytes towards an M2 (anti-inflammatory) state as GA does, however with a distinct immune marker profile. Our peptide dendrimer might serve as starting point to develop a well-defined immunomodulatory analog of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Erzina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Alice Capecchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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Zheng L, Wang M, Shen X, Wang C, Wan L, Tang L, Chen G, Chen G. Applicability of Monocyte Activation Test for Pyrogen Detection in Succinylated Gelatin Injection. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191230125803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Pyrogens are fever-inducing substances and pyrogen detection is mandatory in
parenteral pharmaceuticals. Succinylated Gelatin Injection (SGI) is a biopharmaceutical product, containing
multi-component, and it is administered parenterally.
Objective:
The study aimed to assess pyrogen in SGI and to evaluate the feasibility of the Monocyte
Activation Test (MAT) for pyrogen detection in a multi-component pharmaceutical product.
Method:
In the present study, the Bacterial Endotoxin Test (BET) and the Monocyte Activation Test
(MAT) were employed to assess pyrogen in SGI. The MAT method was developed on the basis of the
HL-60/IL-6 assay. HL-60 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) standards and sample
solutions. The endotoxin produced by the incubation, interleukin-6 (IL-6), was measured by ELISA.
The MAT method was validated and main parameters were investigated. Finally, the pyrogenicity of
SGIs from two different enterprises was determined by the developed MAT method.
Results:
The BET failed in the test for interfering factors and the MAT was proved suitable for the pyrogen
detection of SGI. All the products examined showed negative results in the pyrogen detection
test.
Conclusion:
The MAT method is feasible in pyrogen detection of SGI. It can be applied in pyrogen
detection for quality and safety control of multi-component biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 200040,China
| | - Mingren Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 200040,China
| | - Xiong Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Can Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Liqing Wan
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Liming Tang
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Guiliang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 200040,China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203,China
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He Q, Yu C, Wang L, Ni Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Gao H, Wang J. A Novel Reporter Gene Assay for Pyrogen Detection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:111-118. [PMID: 31666494 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a systemic inflammatory response of the body to pyrogens. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a central signaling molecule that causes the excessive secretion of various pyrogen-induced pro-inflammatory factors. This study explored the feasibility of a novel reporter gene assay (RGA) for pyrogen detection using RAW264.7 cells stably transfected with the NF-κB reporter gene as a pyrogenic marker. The RGA could detect different types of pyrogens, including the lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, the lipoteichoic acid of gram-positive bacteria, and the zymosan of fungi, and a good dose-effect relationship was observed in terms of NF-κB activity. The limits of detection of the RGA to those pyrogens were 0.03 EU/ml, 0.001 μg/ml, and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The method had good precision and accuracy and could be applied to many molecules (e.g., nivolumab, rituximab, bevacizumab, etanercept, basiliximab, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, group A and group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [acellular, component], poliomyelitis [inactivated] vaccine, and imject alum adjuvant). The results of this study suggest that the novel RGA has a wide pyrogen detection spectrum and is sufficiently sensitive, stable, and accurate for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Lan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Yongbo Ni
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Heng Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Ying Du
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Hua Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
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8
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Yu N, Zhang X, Gao Y, You H, Zhang J, Miao P. Highly Sensitive Endotoxin Assay Combining Peptide/Graphene Oxide and DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14312-14316. [PMID: 31508556 PMCID: PMC6733170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin is a highly toxic stimulator originated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which should be monitored sensitively and selectively for human health concerns. Traditional detection methods mainly rely on limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. However, it suffers drawbacks like the narrow detection range, and the results may be environment-dependent. In this work, we have developed a sensitive electrochemical biosensor for endotoxin assay. Peptide is first designed as specific recognition element toward endotoxin. Graphene oxide and DNA-modified gold nanoparticles are then used to enhance the electrochemical signal. The analytical performances are excellent with the limit of detection as low as 0.001 EU mL-1. This method has also been successfully applied in endotoxin assay in complex biological samples, which may have great potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nong Yu
- People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhang
- People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, P. R. China
| | - Honglan You
- People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- Suzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Company Limited, Tianjin 300399, P. R. China
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