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Zhang B, Wang Z. A novel pyroptosis-regulated gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890215. [PMID: 36262473 PMCID: PMC9575690 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, has both anti-tumor and tumor-promoting effects on carcinogenesis. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the associations between pyroptosis-regulated genes and prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response remain unclear. Samples and methods: Sequencing data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and The Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB). First, we investigated the expression levels and copy number variations (CNVs) of 56 pyroptosis genes in HCC and pan-cancer. Next, we identified 614 genes related to 56 pyroptosis-associated genes at the expression, mutation, and CNVs levels. Pathway enrichment analysis of 614 genes in the Hallmark, KEGG, and Reactome databases yielded a total of 253 significant signaling pathways. The pyroptosis-regulated genes (PRGs) comprised 108 genes that were derived from the top 20 signaling pathways, of which 57 genes had prognostic value in HCC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was performed to screen for PRGs with prognostic values. Ultimately, we constructed a risk score model with seven PRGs to predict HCC prognosis and validated its predictive value in three independent HCC cohorts. Risk scores were used to illustrate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves predicting 1, 3, and 5-years overall survival (OS). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), was performed to study 28 types of immune cells infiltrated in HCC. The relationship between the risk signature and six immune checkpoint genes and immunotherapy was analyzed. Results: A total of seven PRGs were obtained following multiple screening steps. The risk score model containing seven PRGs was found to correlate significantly with the HCC prognosis of the training group. In addition, we validated the risk score model in two additional HCC cohorts. The risk score significantly correlated with infiltrating immune cells (i. e. CD4+ T cells, etc.), ICB key molecules (i. e. HAVCR2, etc.), and ICB response. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a vital role of PRGs in predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of HCC patients. The risk model could pave the way for drugs targeting pyroptosis and immune checkpoints in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Hotta K, Nishio M, Saito H, Okamoto I, Nakahara Y, Hayashi H, Hayama M, Laud P, Jiang H, Paz-Ares L, Azuma K. First-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: CASPIAN Japan subgroup analysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1073-1082. [PMID: 33826027 PMCID: PMC8134304 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background In the phase 3 CASPIAN study (NCT03043872), first-line durvalumab plus etoposide and cisplatin or carboplatin (EP) significantly improved OS versus EP alone in patients with extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.59–0.91; p = 0.0047]). Here we report results for a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients recruited in Japan. Methods Treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC received either 4 cycles of durvalumab 1500 mg plus EP q3w followed by maintenance durvalumab 1500 mg q4w until disease progression or up to 6 cycles of EP q3w. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), safety, and tolerability. Results In the Japan subgroup, 18 patients were randomized to durvalumab plus EP and 16 patients to EP. At the interim analysis with a median follow-up of 12.5 months in the subgroup, OS numerically favored durvalumab plus EP versus EP (HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.26‒2.26]; median not reached vs 15.2 months). PFS was similar for durvalumab plus EP versus EP (HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.43‒1.89]). Confirmed ORR was 89% with durvalumab plus EP versus 69% with EP. Adverse events (AEs) of CTCAE grade 3 or 4 were reported in 78% versus 94% of patients in the durvalumab plus EP versus EP arms. There were no AEs leading to treatment discontinuation or death in the Japan subgroup. Conclusion First-line durvalumab plus EP was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with ES-SCLC. Despite the small size of the Japan subgroup, results were generally consistent with the global study population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10147-021-01899-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Hotta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700 8558, Japan. .,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700 8558, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Himeji Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | | | - Peter Laud
- Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Cancer by Noncoding RNAs. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:651-663. [PMID: 31748880 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated significant anti-tumor immunity in an array of cancer types, yet the underlying regulatory mechanism of it is still obscure, and many problems remain to be solved. As an inhibitory costimulatory signal of T-cells, the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can paralyze T-cells at the tumor site, enabling the immune escape of tumor cells. Although many antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have been developed to block their interaction for the treatment of cancer, the reduced response rate and resistance to the therapies call for further comprehension of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two main types of noncoding RNAs that play critical parts in the regulation of immune response in tumorigenesis, including the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Here we summarize the most recent studies on the control of this pathway by noncoding RNAs in cancer and hopefully will offer new insights into immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Morita R, Okishio K, Shimizu J, Saito H, Sakai H, Kim YH, Hataji O, Yomota M, Nishio M, Aoe K, Kanai O, Kumagai T, Kibata K, Tsukamoto H, Oizumi S, Fujimoto D, Tanaka H, Mizuno K, Masuda T, Kozuki T, Haku T, Suzuki H, Okamoto I, Hoshiyama H, Ueda J, Ohe Y. Real-world effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective observational study in Japan. Lung Cancer 2019; 140:8-18. [PMID: 31838169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the treatment patterns and determine the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in real-world setting in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Japanese patients with NSCLC who received nivolumab were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who had started nivolumab treatment between April 2016 and December 2016 were enrolled. Information regarding patient demographics and clinical backgrounds, treatment patterns from diagnosis to post-nivolumab treatment, effectiveness and safety of nivolumab treatment and that of treatments just before and after nivolumab treatment, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status, if available, were collected. Factors associated with nivolumab effectiveness identified by univariate and multivariate analyses were further investigated for plotting Kaplan-Meier curves of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation status, PD-L1 expression status, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). RESULTS In this study, 901 NSCLC patients were enrolled. Nivolumab was used the most as a second line treatment with a median number of nivolumab doses of five. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.6 months, one-year survival rate was 54.3 %, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.1 months. The objective response rate was 20.5 % and disease control rate was 57.4 %. According to multivariate analyses, better OS and PFS were associated with favorable ECOG PS and absence of liver metastasis. Better PFS was observed in patients without EGFR mutation and patients with smoking history. PFS and best overall response in PD-L1 expression subgroups were expression level-dependent. The overall incidence of irAEs was 45.8 %, and the incidence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher was 14.0 %. CONCLUSION The real-world effectiveness and safety of nivolumab is consistent with that reported by previous clinical trials and other real-world data. Subgroup analysis showed that ECOG PS, EGFR mutation status, smoking status, and PD-L1 were associated with the effectiveness of nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Morita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Okishio
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kinki - Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Young Hak Kim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Hataji
- Department of Respiratory Center, Matsusaka Municipal Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Makiko Yomota
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoe
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Osamu Kanai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kibata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsukamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kozuki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Haku
- Respiratory Medicine, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Junya Ueda
- Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu C, Rong D, Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Chen Z, Tang W. Current perspectives on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:130. [PMID: 31464625 PMCID: PMC6714090 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise due to the prevalence of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Although there are surgical and chemotherapy treatment avenues the mortality rate of HCC remains high. Immunotherapy is currently the new frontier of cancer treatment and the immunobiology of HCC is emerging as an area for further exploration. The tumor microenvironment coexists and interacts with various immune cells to sustain the growth of HCC. Thus, immunosuppressive cells play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response. This review will discuss the current concepts of immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, marrow-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated neutrophils, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and regulatory T cell interactions to actively promote tumorigenesis. It further elaborates on current treatment modalities and future areas of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Betty Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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