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He H, Zhang P, Li F, Zeng C, Liu D, Wu K. Predicting the prognosis of esophageal cancer based on extensive analysis of new inflammatory response‐related signature. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 37:e23291. [PMID: 36536508 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) is very poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. On the other hand, inflammation is the characteristic hallmark of ESCA; however, the prognostic relationship between inflammatory response-related genes and ESCA has not been clarified yet. Therefore, in the present manuscript, we intend to investigate the correlation and specific signature of inflammation for the prediction of the prognosis of ESCA. A total of 173 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 162 tumors and 11 normal specimens. The prognostic signature was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis. The transcription factor regulatory network with genes of the prognostic signature was analyzed from the transcriptional regulatory relationships unravelled by sentence-based text-mining database. Chemotherapy sensitivity and immunotherapy analysis were also performed. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the signature was an independent prognostic risk factor. The low-risk group had poorer outcomes than the high-risk group. In the high-risk group, the infiltration of most immune cells was high and strongly correlated with the riskScore. In chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity analysis, OSM, AHR, and BTG2 were significantly correlated with the current chemotherapeutic drugs of ESCA. We have demonstrated a valid prognostic signature of inflammatory response-related genes and found strong associations with immune cells, targeted genes, and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Donglei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou P. R. China
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2
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Ferguson MW, Kennedy CJ, Palpagama TH, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Current and Possible Future Therapeutic Options for Huntington’s Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221092517. [PMID: 35615642 PMCID: PMC9125092 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221092517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an excessive number of CAG trinucleotide repeats within the huntingtin gene ( HTT). HD patients can present with a variety of symptoms including chorea, behavioural and psychiatric abnormalities and cognitive decline. Each patient has a unique combination of symptoms, and although these can be managed using a range of medications and non-drug treatments there is currently no cure for the disease. Current therapies prescribed for HD can be categorized by the symptom they treat. These categories include chorea medication, antipsychotic medication, antidepressants, mood stabilizing medication as well as non-drug therapies. Fortunately, there are also many new HD therapeutics currently undergoing clinical trials that target the disease at its origin; lowering the levels of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT). Currently, much attention is being directed to antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies, which bind to pre-RNA or mRNA and can alter protein expression via RNA degradation, blocking translation or splice modulation. Other potential therapies in clinical development include RNA interference (RNAi) therapies, RNA targeting small molecule therapies, stem cell therapies, antibody therapies, non-RNA targeting small molecule therapies and neuroinflammation targeted therapies. Potential therapies in pre-clinical development include Zinc-Finger Protein (ZFP) therapies, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) therapies and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) therapies. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the efficacy of current HD treatments and explore the clinical trial progress of emerging potential HD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W. Ferguson
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Connor J. Kennedy
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani H. Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L. M. Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Carboxamide Derivatives Are Potential Therapeutic AHR Ligands for Restoring IL-4 Mediated Repression of Epidermal Differentiation Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031773. [PMID: 35163694 PMCID: PMC8836151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by disturbed epidermal differentiation (e.g., filaggrin (FLG) expression) and diminished skin barrier function. Therapeutics targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), such as coal tar and tapinarof, are effective in AD, yet new receptor ligands with improved potency or bioavailability are in demand to expand the AHR-targeting therapeutic arsenal. We found that carboxamide derivatives from laquinimod, tasquinimod, and roquinimex can activate AHR signaling at low nanomolar concentrations. Tasquinimod derivative (IMA-06504) and its prodrug (IMA-07101) provided full agonist activity and were most effective to induce FLG and other epidermal differentiation proteins, and counteracted IL-4 mediated repression of terminal differentiation. Partial agonist activity by other derivatives was less efficacious. The previously reported beneficial safety profile of these novel small molecules, and the herein reported therapeutic potential of specific carboxamide derivatives, provides a solid rationale for further preclinical assertation.
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031516. [PMID: 35163440 PMCID: PMC8836075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that is well-known for regulating xenobiotic metabolism. Studies in knockout and transgenic mice indicate that the AHR plays a vital role in the development of liver and regulation of reproductive, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and immune homeostasis. In this focused review on lung diseases associated with acute injury and alveolar development, we reviewed and summarized the current literature on the mechanistic role(s) and therapeutic potential of the AHR in acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pre-clinical studies indicate that endogenous AHR activation is necessary to protect neonatal and adult lungs against hyperoxia- and cigarette smoke-induced injury. Our goal is to provide insight into the high translational potential of the AHR in the meaningful management of infants and adults with these lung disorders that lack curative therapies.
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Ahmadi A, Fallah Vastani Z, Abounoori M, Azizi M, Labani‐Motlagh A, Mami S, Mami S. The role of
NK
and
NKT
cells in the pathogenesis and improvement of multiple sclerosis following
disease‐modifying
therapies. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e489. [PMID: 35229046 PMCID: PMC8865072 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that T cells become autoreactive by recognizing CNS antigens. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. In recent years, the impact of innate immune cells on MS pathogenesis has received more attention. CD56bright NK cells, as an immunoregulatory subset of NK cells, can increase the production of cytokines that modulate adaptive immune responses, whereas CD56dim NK cells are more active in cytolysis functions. These two main subsets of NK cells may have different effects on the onset or progression of MS. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are other immune cells involved in the control of autoimmune diseases; however, variant NKT (vNKT) cells, despite limited information, could play a role in MS remission via an immunoregulatory pathway. Aim We aimed to evaluate the influence of MS therapeutic agents on NK and NKT cells and NK cell subtypes. Materials and Methods The possible mechanism of each MS therapeutic agent has been presented here, focusing on the effects of different disease‐modifying therapies on the number of NK and NKT subtypes. Results Expansion of CD56bright NK cells, reduction in the CD56dim cells, and enhancement in NKT cells are the more important innate immune cells alterations following the disease‐modifying therapies. Conclusion Expansion of CD56bright NK cells or reduction in the CD56dim cells has been associated with a successful response to different treatments in MS. iNKT and vNKT cells could have beneficial effects on MS improving. It seems that they are enhanced due to some of MS drugs, leading to disease improvement. However, a reduction in the number of NKT cells could be due to the adverse effects of some of MS drugs on the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Zahra Fallah Vastani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Mahdi Abounoori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Alireza Labani‐Motlagh
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler Texas USA
| | - Sajad Mami
- Department of laboratory and clinical science, faculty of veterinary medicine Ilam University Ilam Iran
| | - Sanaz Mami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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The effects and side effects of laquinimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:611-622. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Kuzin BA, Simonova OB. Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Potential Target for Anticancer Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Vorontsova JE, Cherezov RO, Kuzin BA, Simonova OB. [Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor as a potential target for anticancer therapy]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:397-415. [PMID: 30378556 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186405397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, whose functions are related to xenobiotic detoxification, response to inflammation, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Recent investigations suggest that AHR also plays an important role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Increased expression of AHR is observed in several types of tumors and tumor cell lines. In addition, it turned out that the composition of pharmaceutical drugs used in oncotherapy includes some ligands AHR. These facts allow us to consider an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor as a potential target for anticancer therapy, especially for the treatment of severe cancers whose treatment options are very limited or do not exist at all. In this review the examples of AHR ligands' effect on tumor cell cultures and on model mice lines with AHR-dependent response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Vorontsova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R O Cherezov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B A Kuzin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - O B Simonova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis and potential as an anti-cancer drug target. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2497-2513. [PMID: 28508231 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was initially identified as the receptor that binds and mediates the toxic effects induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally related halogenated aromatics. Other toxic compounds including some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons act through the AhR; however, during the last 25 years, it has become apparent that the AhR plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Moreover, the scope of ligands that bind the AhR includes endogenous compounds such as multiple tryptophan metabolites, other endogenous biochemicals, pharmaceuticals and health-promoting phytochemicals including flavonoids, indole-3-carbinol and its metabolites. It has also been shown that like other receptors, the AhR is a drug target for multiple diseases including cancer, where both AhR agonists and antagonists effectively block many of the critical hallmarks of cancer in multiple tumor types. This review describes the anti-cancer activities of AhR ligands and demonstrates that it is time to separate the AhR from TCDD and exploit the potential of the AhR as a novel target for cancer chemotherapy.
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10
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Safe S, Cheng Y, Jin UH. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a Drug Target for Cancer Chemotherapy. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:24-29. [PMID: 28459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in some patients with different tumor types, and the receptor can be a negative or positive prognostic factor. There is also evidence from both in vivo and in vitro cell culture models that the AhR can exhibit tumor-specific pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor-like functions and therefore can be treated with AhR antagonists or agonists, respectively. Successful clinical applications of AhR ligands will require the synthesis and development of selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) with tumor-specific AhR agonist or antagonist activity, and some currently available compounds such as indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane-(DIM) and synthetic AhR antagonists are potential drug candidates. There is also evidence that some AhR-active pharmaceuticals, including tranilast, flutamide, hydroxytamoxifen and omeprazole or their derivatives, may be effective AhR-dependent anticancer agents for single or combination cancer chemotherapies for treatment of breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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11
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El-Gamal KM, Hagrs MS, Abulkhair HS. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel quinoline derivatives bearing different heterocyclic moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Kwak SH, Kang JA, Kim M, Lee SD, Park JH, Park SG, Ko H, Kim YC. Discovery and structure–activity relationship studies of quinolinone derivatives as potent IL-2 suppressive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5357-5367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Leibowitz SM, Yan J. NF-κB Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Therapeutic Implications. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:84. [PMID: 27695399 PMCID: PMC5023675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in cell immune responses, apoptosis and infections. In multiple sclerosis (MS), NF-κB pathways are changed, leading to increased levels of NF-κB activation in cells. This may indicate a key role for NF-κB in MS pathogenesis. NF-κB signaling is complex, with many elements involved in its activation and regulation. Interestingly, current MS treatments are found to be directly or indirectly linked to NF-κB pathways and act to adjust the innate and adaptive immune system in patients. In this review, we will first focus on the intricacies of NF-κB signaling, including the activating pathways and regulatory elements. Next, we will theorize about the role of NF-κB in MS pathogenesis, based on current research findings, and discuss some of the associated therapeutic implications. Lastly, we will review four new MS treatments which interrupt NF-κB pathways—fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and laquinimod (LAQ)—and explain their mechanisms, and the possible strategy for MS treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Leibowitz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun Yan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hagrs M, Bayoumi AH, El-Gamal KM, Mayhoub AS, Abulkhair HS. Synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of some new 6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Constantinescu SE, Constantinescu CS. Laquinimod (ABR-215062) for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015; 9:49-57. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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D’Amico E, Leone C, Caserta C, Patti F. Oral drugs in multiple sclerosis therapy: an overview and a critical appraisal. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:803-24. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1058162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Laquinimod exerts strong clinical and immunomodulatory effects in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:38-45. [PMID: 25005118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laquinimod is an immunomodulatory drug with neuroprotective potential. We used the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat to study the effects of laquinimod treatment. After immunization with the neuritogenic peptide aa 53-78 of P2 myelin protein, preventive therapy with 12.5mg/kg laquinimod once daily inhibited neuritis in clinical and electrophysiological terms. Histology corroborated a lower degree of inflammatory lesions and demyelination in the sciatic nerve. The proportion of FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells in the peripheral lymph nodes of treated rats remained unchanged. We conclude that laquinimod may represent a therapeutic option in human autoimmune neuropathies.
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