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Singh R, Pandey S. Movement Disorder in Demyelinating Disease: Tracing the Charcot's Foot Print. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:821-831. [PMID: 36561038 PMCID: PMC9764914 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_64_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders may be one of the neurological manifestations of demyelinating disorders. They can manifest in Parkinsonism or a wide spectrum of hyperkinetic movement disorders including tremor, paroxysmal dyskinesia, dystonia, chorea, and ballism. Some of these disorders occur during an acute episode of demyelination, whereas others can develop later or even may precede the onset of the demyelinating disorders. The pathophysiology of movement disorders in demyelination is complex and the current evidence indicates a wide involvement of different brain networks and spinal cord. Treatment is mainly symptomatic and oral pharmacological agents are the mainstay of the management. Botulinum toxin and neurosurgical interventions may be required in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sanjay Pandey, Department of Neurology, Academic Block, Room No 503, Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi - 110 002, India. E-mail:
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Antonazzo IC, Raschi E, Forcesi E, Riise T, Bjornevik K, Baldin E, De Ponti F, Poluzzi E. Multiple sclerosis as an adverse drug reaction: clues from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:869-874. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1506763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Forcesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Trond Riise
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Center, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Center, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Baldin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Service, IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Poluzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Piermattei A, Migliara G, Di Sante G, Foti M, Hayrabedyan SB, Papagna A, Geloso MC, Corbi M, Valentini M, Sgambato A, Delogu G, Constantin G, Ria F. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates In Vivo Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Modulates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27252700 PMCID: PMC4878199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria display pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in human and experimental pathology. We show here that both effects are mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), by exploiting a previously characterized Tlr2 variant (Met82Ile). Tlr2 82ile promoted self-specific proinflammatory polarization as well as expansion of ag-specific FoxP3(+) Tregs, while Tlr2 82met impairs the expansion of Tregs and reduces the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines. Preferential dimerization with Tlr1 or Tlr6 could not explain these differences. In silico, we showed that Tlr2 variant Met82Ile modified the binding pocket for peptidoglycans and participated directly to a putative binding pocket for sugars and cadherins. The distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory actions impacted severity, extent of remission, and distribution of the lesions within the central nervous system of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, Tlr2 has a janus function in vivo as mediator of the role of bacterial products in balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Piermattei
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Foti
- Molecular Medicine and Immunology Laboratory, Genopolis Consortium, University of "Milano Bicocca" , Milan , Italy
| | - Soren Bohos Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Angela Papagna
- Molecular Medicine and Immunology Laboratory, Genopolis Consortium, University of "Milano Bicocca" , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Geloso
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Corbi
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Valentini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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