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Saltzman RG, Golan R, Masterson TA, Sathe A, Ramasamy R. Restorative therapy clinical trials for erectile dysfunction: a scoping review of endpoint measures. Int J Impot Res 2023; 35:720-724. [PMID: 36068326 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the lack of regulatory approval for restorative therapies for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, we hypothesized that clinical trials would vary in methodology and endpoint measurements. Our objective was to analyze methodological approaches and outcome measures of clinical trials evaluating restorative therapies for erectile dysfunction. Data was extracted from clinicaltrials.gov on trials which contained the keywords "erectile dysfunction". We evaluated trials initiated between 2004 and 2021 which listed a restorative therapy intervention. We identified 95 trials investigating energy-based/shockwave therapies (60/95), stem cell therapies (25/95), platelet-based therapies (6/95), and others (4/95). Only 41.1% of the trials evaluated safety. The most common efficacy endpoint was International Index of Erectile Function and Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and only 29.5% utilized penile Doppler. Thirty (31.6%) trials had been completed yet only 3 (3.2%) have published results. We found substantial heterogeneity in methodological approach in the trials. Subjective measures of erectile function were commonly reported, but definitions of inclusion criteria and objective outcome measures were inconsistent. These results provide a basis for the design of future clinical trials to improve the quality of trial data and aid in the development of standardized criteria for erectile dysfunction clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Saltzman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roei Golan
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Masterson
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aditya Sathe
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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2
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Fazekas D, Campbell K, Ledesma B, Masterson T. Platelet-rich plasma for erectile dysfunction: a review of the current research landscape. Sex Med Rev 2023; 11:369-374. [PMID: 37786350 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain erection for satisfactory sexual performance. ED drastically reduces the quality of life for men and their partners and is commonly linked to comorbid conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As a result, clinicians and researchers are working to improve treatments for ED. Current guideline-approved ED treatments include oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, intraurethral alprostadil, penile intracavernosal injections, and penile prosthesis surgery. Today, there is increasing interest in restorative therapies such as intracavernosal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of ED. OBJECTIVES This narrative review describes the current trials investigating intracavernosal PRP for ED and proposes future directions to increase the strength of evidence to support use of PRP in this population. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus was performed to identify all randomized clinical trials using PRP for the treatment of ED. RESULTS We identified 4 randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of PRP for ED. We found significant heterogeneity among study protocols, including collection of PRP, dosing of PRP, and follow-up. CONCLUSION While intracavernosal PRP is considered safe, its efficacy for the management of ED remains unknown due to variability among clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Fazekas
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Katherine Campbell
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Braian Ledesma
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Thomas Masterson
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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3
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Varod S, Heruti RJ. The sextech industry and innovative devices for treating sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2023:10.1038/s41443-023-00731-3. [PMID: 37414871 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the digital revolution, there has been a notable increase in the use and popularity of sex toys and innovative sexual devices, which can be attributed to advancements in technology. The sex toys industry strives to improve sexual experience, pleasure and sexual health, and to address sexual dysfunction through devices and technology. With the growth of this industry, new products that are considered "smart sexual devices" have gradually entered the market. Smart sexual devices feature wireless connectivity to a smartphone application that allows the user to control the device's features and provide personal or sexual data about their sexual experiences. Other smart devices have sensors and are able to collect physical data during usage. With the aid of this data, individuals may be able to understand their sexual behavior and arousal better, resulting in improved sexual experience or the overcoming of sexual dysfunction. The present article aims to explore the potential applications of technology-based devices, and smart sexual devices, in the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions, including premature ejaculation (PE), and delayed ejaculation (DE), as well as female sexual dysfunction (FSD), such as sexual arousal disorder and female orgasmic disorder. Furthermore, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of these devices. Given the limited literature available on this subject and the absence of controlled studies, we conduct a narrative review of the existing scientific research on technological and smart sexual devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Varod
- Sexual Rehabilitation Clinic, Reuth TLV Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rafi J Heruti
- Sexual Rehabilitation Clinic, Reuth TLV Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Penile Rehabilitation after Prostate Cancer Treatment: Which Is the Right Program? URO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/uro3010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The management of sexual complications after treatment of localized prostate cancer, such as erectile dysfunction, changes in the length of the penis, pain during sexual intercourse, and lack of orgasm, is still an unsolved problem with an important impact on patients’ quality of life. In this review, we summarize the current scientific literature about the rehabilitation of erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment. The therapy for penile rehabilitation includes different types of treatments: the combination of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-I) and the vacuum erectile device (VED) are considered first-line treatment options. When therapy begins, the duration of treatment, the dosage and the drug used all play very important roles in the treatment outcome. Intracavernous injection (ICI) therapy represents the second-line option for patients ineligible for PDE5-I therapy. Technological development has led to the emergence of devices for the stimulation of the penis without the use of drugs, such as penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) for stimulation of ejaculation in spinal cord injury and low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LIESWT). The rapid diffusion of the latter, thanks to its easy use, attains good results without side effects. The panorama of penile rehabilitation after PC treatments is vast and many studies are needed, especially on new technologies, to find the best therapeutic regimen possible, personalized to the patient’s characteristics and the type of treatment for PC.
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Campbell JD, Matti D, Abed H, Di Pierdominico A. Technological Advancements for Treating Erectile Dysfunction and Peyronie's Disease. Urol Clin North Am 2021; 49:175-184. [PMID: 34776050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been several advancements in the technologies available to treatment erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease. Vacuum erection devices, penile traction devices, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and penile prosthesis surgery have evolved and are changing the way we treat men's health. Although significant improvements have been made, further work is needed to standardize treatment, create universal algorithms for technological applications, and simply their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Campbell
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Danny Matti
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haider Abed
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Probing penile hemodynamics by using photoplethysmography as objective indicators for male erection quality and sexual function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12019. [PMID: 34103629 PMCID: PMC8187730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is mostly due to the lack of blood flow into the penis. In the past 20 years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used in measuring the concentrations and temporal dynamics of different hemoglobin types. However, the dynamics of the light absorption (photoplethysmography; PPG) have not been applied to survey penile hemodynamics and erection quality. This paper compared the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) to study vascular ED with standard penile Doppler ultrasonography. Men diagnosed with vascular ED for at least 6 months and nominated for penile ultrasonography were included. PPG signals were collected during the ultrasound examination. All beat-to-beat PPG waveforms were aligned with the peak and averaged to one representative template waveform for feature analysis, including amplitude differences (APD) index, reflection time index (RTI), augmentation index (AI), and perfusion index (PI). An inverse correlation was found between end-erection amplitude and both erection hardness score (EHS) and resistive index (RI). APD index and EHS as well as the international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF) and RI were positively correlated. RTI and AI were inversely correlated to IIEF and RI. PI was positively correlated to RI. PPG may therefore be useful as a noninvasive, convenient, technique for sexual function evaluation.
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7
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Alternative Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction: a Growing Arsenal in Men's Health. Curr Urol Rep 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33420972 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-020-01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight and review encouraging preliminary studies behind several alternative products and interventions for erectile dysfunction (ED). RECENT FINDINGS Alternative treatments for ED are becoming more prevalent with increased consumer interest. "Natural" products are sold online, and numerous clinics offer various off-label and investigational interventions. These alternative treatments have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in randomized trials and meta-analyses, but none of these interventions has robust enough evidence to be considered first-line therapy. These treatments may find a role in combination with guideline treatments or may be used in novel penile rehabilitation research protocols. With growing interest in alternative treatment for men's health, an awareness of the literature is imperative for patient counsel. Alternative treatments, like L-arginine, have a growing body of evidence for efficacy in combination with PDE5i, and low-intensity shock wave therapy and stem cell therapy continue to demonstrate encouraging outcomes in ED trials.
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8
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Penile Length and Its Preservation in Men After Radical Prostatectomy. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Miranda EP, Taniguchi H, Cao DL, Hald GM, Jannini EA, Mulhall JP. Application of Sex Aids in Men With Sexual Dysfunction: A Review. J Sex Med 2019; 16:767-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Rullo JE, Lorenz T, Ziegelmann MJ, Meihofer L, Herbenick D, Faubion SS. Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: best practice recommendations for choosing and safely using a vibrator. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2018; 33:275-285. [PMID: 33223961 DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1419558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrators are an evidence-based treatment for a variety of sexual dysfunctions and sexual enhancement; however, the use of a genital vibrator lacks best practice recommendations. This aim of this article is to provide current, best practice recommendations regarding the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and/or sexual or relationship enhancement. A multidisciplinary team of sexual health specialists collaborated to develop best practice recommendations based on a narrative literature review. Recommendations for the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are provided, with special attention to counseling patients on choosing and safely using a vibrator. Further study is needed to determine the most effective methods to counsel patients on vibrator use and to provide evidence-based cleaning recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Rullo
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tierney Lorenz
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina At Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura Meihofer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debra Herbenick
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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11
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Rullo JE, Lorenz T, Ziegelmann MJ, Meihofer L, Herbenick D, Faubion SS. Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: a review of evidence. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2018; 33:263-274. [PMID: 33223960 DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1419557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vibration, as provided by a genital vibrator, is commonly regarded as a tool to enhance sexual pleasure and in modern day society falls under the category of a sex toy. However, the vibrator was not originally intended to be a toy, and its benefits reach far beyond that of a plaything. This article is a narrative review of the current evidence regarding the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and/or sexual and relationship enhancement. The literature indicates that vibratory stimulation has evidence-based support for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and anorgasmia. Vibratory stimulation is positively correlated with increased sexual desire and overall sexual function. It has also shown benefit for sexual arousal difficulties and pelvic floor dysfunction. Though definitive evidence is lacking, genital vibration is a potential treatment for sexual dysfunction related to a wide variety of sexual health concerns in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Rullo
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tierney Lorenz
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura Meihofer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debra Herbenick
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Elliott S, Matthew A. Sexual Recovery Following Prostate Cancer: Recommendations From 2 Established Canadian Sexual Rehabilitation Clinics. Sex Med Rev 2017; 6:279-294. [PMID: 29199096 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supportive sexual health care is much-needed adjuvant care to oncologic management for men with prostate cancer (PCa). AIM To inspire the initiation of biopsychosocial sexual health programming where it does not exist and to inform program enhancement in existing sexual rehabilitation clinics (SRCs). METHODS This article reviews the combined 30-year experience of 2 well-established Canadian SRCs for men and their partners after PCa treatments, interwoven with empirical evidence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE To comprehensively review the biopsychosocial approach to sexual health assessment of men with PCa and their partners to direct the practicalities of running a successful and sustainable SRC. RESULTS A full description of the biomedical and psychosocial approaches, inclusive of comprehensive sexual function, the penile rehabilitation controversy, and other medical and relationship issues affecting sexual adjustment, is provided to highlight the relevance of proper assessment and follow-through for sexual adaptation and adjustment. 10 recommendations for a successful SRC are discussed, including the principles behind developing a sustainable business plan, staff acquisition and training, budget, integration of treatment and research priorities, respectful and multidisciplinary approaches to care, and suggestions of visit formats, protocols, and questionnaires. We recommend a phased approach of an SRC into usual care with the option to provide accessible and equitable care to patients not within proximal access of treating institutions. CONCLUSION Sexual rehabilitation after treatment for PCa requires a complex treatment process. Providing sustainable sexual rehabilitation programming under the financially strained environment of the Canadian medical system is a challenge; therefore, to provide Canadian patients and their partners with comprehensive cancer care, they deserve a biopsychosocial approach combined with a creative and systematic implementation strategy. Elliott S, Matthew A. Sexual Recovery Following Prostate Cancer: Recommendations From 2 Established Canadian Sexual Rehabilitation Clinics. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:279-294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Elliott
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Program, Prostate Center, Vancouver Hospital, Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Center for Sexual Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Andrew Matthew
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery (Division of Urology) and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Chung E. Management of treatment-related sexual complications in cancer care: evidence for erectile function recovery and penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer survivorship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23809000.2017.1403851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- AndroUrology Centre, St Andrew’s War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Clavell-Hernández J, Wang R. The controversy surrounding penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:2-11. [PMID: 28217445 PMCID: PMC5313301 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.08.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy (RP) techniques have been refined in the last few decades. Despite nerve-sparing surgery, erectile dysfunction (ED) still seems to be affecting more than half of patients undergoing RP. Penile rehabilitation consists of understanding the mechanisms that affect erectile function (EF) and utilizing pharmacologic agents, devices or interventions to promote male sexual function before and after any insult to the penile erectile physiologic axis. There currently is a limited amount of clinical trials that assess treatments with the goal of recovering post-prostatectomy EF. The goal of this article is to assess a contemporary series of trials that study penile rehabilitation. Although the current evidence lacks to prove its irrefutable effectiveness, advancements in research and technology forecast a promising future in penile rehabilitation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clavell-Hernández
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Run Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA;; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Lee JKC, Tan RBW, Chung E. Erectile dysfunction treatment and traditional medicine-can East and West medicine coexist? Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:91-100. [PMID: 28217454 PMCID: PMC5313309 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual problem affecting many men irrespective of cultures, beliefs and nationalities. While medical therapy for ED has been revolutionized by the advent of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents, recent technological advances such stem cell therapy, low intensity shock wave and newer generation of penile prosthesis implant offer hope to men who do not respond to conventional medical therapy. In contrast, traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) focuses on the restoration and better overall bodily regulation with the use of various herbal and animal products as well as exercises to invigorate qi (energy) in vital organs. Western medicine involves an analysis of ED symptom and underlying causes that contribute to ED, while TCM emphases the concept of holism and harmonization of body organs to achieve natural sexual life. The following article reviews our current understanding regarding the philosophical approach, and evaluates the evidence surrounding various ED therapies between mainstream Western Medicine and TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe K C Lee
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ronny B W Tan
- Department of Urology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore ; Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore - Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;; Andro Urology Centre, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Clavell-Hernandez J, Wang R. Penile rehabilitation following prostate cancer treatment: review of current literature. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:916-22; discussion 921. [PMID: 25851656 PMCID: PMC4814961 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.150838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) are highly effective in improving prostate cancer survival. However, both have a detrimental effect on erectile function (EF). Penile rehabilitation consists of understanding the mechanisms that cause erectile dysfunction (ED) and utilizing pharmacologic agents, devices or interventions to promote male sexual function. For the past decade, many researchers have pursued to define effective treatment modalities to improve ED after prostate cancer treatment. Despite the understanding of the mechanisms and well-established rationale for postprostate treatment penile rehabilitation, there is still no consensus regarding effective rehabilitation programs. This article reviews a contemporary series of trials that assess penile rehabilitation and explore treatment modalities that might play a role in the future. Published data and trials related to penile rehabilitation after RP and RT were reviewed and presented. Although recent trials have shown that most therapies are well-tolerated and aid in some degree on EF recovery, we currently do not have tangible evidence to recommend an irrefutable penile rehabilitation algorithm. However, advancements in research and technology will ultimately create and refine management options for penile rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Run Wang
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Urology, Houston, Texas; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Mahmood J, Shamah AA, Creed TM, Pavlovic R, Matsui H, Kimura M, Molitoris J, Shukla H, Jackson I, Vujaskovic Z. Radiation-induced erectile dysfunction: Recent advances and future directions. Adv Radiat Oncol 2016; 1:161-169. [PMID: 28740886 PMCID: PMC5514009 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. A large number of patients undergo radiation therapy (RT) as a standard care of treatment; however, RT causes erectile dysfunction (radiation-induced erectile dysfunction; RiED) because of late side effects after RT that significantly affects quality of life of prostate cancer patients. Within 5 years of RT, approximately 50% of patients could develop RiED. Based on the past and current research findings and number of publications from our group, the precise mechanism of RiED is under exploration in detail. Recent investigations have shown prostate RT induces significant morphologic arterial damage with aberrant alterations in internal pudendal arterial tone. Prostatic RT also reduces motor function in the cavernous nerve which may attribute to axonal degeneration may contributing to RiED. Furthermore, the advances in radiogenomics such as radiation induced somatic mutation identification, copy number variation and genome-wide association studies has significantly facilitated identification of biomarkers that could be used to monitoring radiation-induced late toxicity and damage to the nerves; thus, genomic- and proteomic-based biomarkers could greatly improve treatment and minimize arterial tissue and nerve damage. Further, advanced technologies such as proton beam therapy that precisely target tumor and significantly reduce off-target damage to vital organs and healthy tissues. In this review, we summarize recent advances in RiED research and novel treatment modalities for RiED. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanism involved in the development of RiED in prostate cancer patients. Further, we discuss various readily available methods as well as novel strategies such as stem cell therapies, shockwave therapy, nerve grafting with tissue engineering, and nutritional supplementations might be used to mitigate or cure sexual dysfunction following radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Mahmood
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aksinija A Shamah
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T Michael Creed
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hotaka Matsui
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hem Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ismail EA, El-Sakka AI. Innovative trends and perspectives for erectile dysfunction treatment: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2016; 14:84-93. [PMID: 27493808 PMCID: PMC4963167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review contemporary knowledge concerning the innovative trends and perspectives in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Medline was reviewed for English-language journal articles between January 2000 and March 2016, using the terms ‘erectile dysfunction treatments’, ‘new trends’ and ‘perspectives’. In all, 114 original articles and 16 review articles were found to be relevant. Of the 76 cited papers that met the inclusion criteria, 51 papers had level of evidence of 1a–2b, whilst 25 had level of evidence of 3–4. Criteria included all pertinent review articles, randomised controlled trials with tight methodological design, cohort studies, and retrospective analyses. We also manually reviewed references from selected articles. Results Several interesting studies have addressed novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), orodispersible tablets, their recent chronic use, and combination with other agents. A few controlled studies have addressed herbal medicine as a sole or additional treatment for ED. Experimental studies and exciting review papers have addressed stem cells as novel players in the field of ED treatment. Other recent articles have revised the current status of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the field of ED. A few articles without long-term data have addressed new technologies that included: external penile support devices, penile vibrators, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and endovascular tools for ED treatment. Conclusions The current treatment of ED is still far from ideal. We expect to see new drugs and technologies that may revolutionise ED treatment, especially in complex cases.
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Key Words
- (hUCB-)MSCs, (human umbilical cord blood) mesenchymal stem cells
- ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells
- ED, erectile dysfunction
- Erectile dysfunction
- FDA, USA Food and Drug Administration
- Herbal treatment
- ICI, intracavernosal injection
- LI-ESWT, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5 inhibitors
- PDE5Is, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- RP, radical prostatectomy
- SC, stem cell
- Shockwave therapy
- Stem cells
- VED, vacuum erectile device
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cNOS, constitutive nitric oxide synthase
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat A Ismail
- Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Canalichio K, Jaber Y, Wang R. Surgery and hormonal treatment for prostate cancer and sexual function. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 4:103-9. [PMID: 26816817 PMCID: PMC4708130 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers effecting men today. With earlier detection and improvements in available treatment modalities, there still remains significant morbidity associated with the treatment of PC. Male sexual health and erectile function are greatly impacted by these therapies and remain a concern to PC survivors. This article reviews the current literature on male sexual health following radical prostatectomy (RP) or androgen ablation therapy for PC. Each treatment modality affects male sexual function to an appreciable level, although certain patients have better outcomes if they have preoperative potency, are younger, or have nerve-sparing surgery. There is a delayed recovery up to 2 years seen in erectile function following RP. With androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), attempts can be made at different administration strategies and exercise may possibly play a role in maintaining erectile function. Penile rehabilitation protocols attempt to protect erectile function immediately following therapy through different modalities, although no one approach has been agreed upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Canalichio
- 1 Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA ; 2 Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yasmeen Jaber
- 1 Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA ; 2 Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Run Wang
- 1 Division of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA ; 2 Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kitrey ND, Gruenwald I, Appel B, Shechter A, Massarwa O, Vardi Y. Penile Low Intensity Shock Wave Treatment is Able to Shift PDE5i Nonresponders to Responders: A Double-Blind, Sham Controlled Study. J Urol 2015; 195:1550-1555. [PMID: 26694904 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed sham controlled evaluation of penile low intensity shock wave treatment effect in patients unable to achieve sexual intercourse using PDE5i (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham controlled study was done in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction who stopped using PDE5i due to no efficacy. All patients had an erection hardness score of 2 or less with PDE5i. A total of 58 patients were randomized, including 37 treated with low intensity shock waves (12 sessions of 1,500 pulses of 0.09 mJ/mm(2) at 120 shock waves per minute) and 18 treated with a sham probe. In the sham group 16 patients underwent low intensity shock wave treatment 1 month after sham treatment. All patients were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after the end of treatment using validated erectile dysfunction questionnaires and the flow mediated dilatation technique for penile endothelial function. Erectile function was evaluated while patients were receiving PDE5i. RESULTS In the low intensity shock wave treatment group and the sham group 54.1% and 0% of patients, respectively, achieved erection hard enough for vaginal penetration, that is an EHS (Erection Hardness Score) of 3 (p <0.0001). According to changes in the IIEF-EF (International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function) score treatment was effective in 40.5% of men who received low intensity shock wave treatment but in none in the sham group (p = 0.001). Of patients treated with shock waves after sham treatment 56.3% achieved erection hard enough for penetration (p <0.005). CONCLUSIONS Low intensity shock wave treatment is effective even in patients with severe erectile dysfunction who are PDE5i nonresponders. After treatment about half of them were able to achieve erection hard enough for penetration with PDE5i. Longer followup is needed to establish the place of low intensity shock wave treatment in these challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam D Kitrey
- Urology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Ilan Gruenwald
- Neurourology Unit, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Appel
- Neurourology Unit, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arik Shechter
- Department of Family Medicine, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omar Massarwa
- Neurourology Unit, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Vardi
- Urology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Al-Helow MR, Abdul-Hady H, Fathalla MM, Zakaria MA, Hussein O, El Gahndour T. The role of biofeedback in the rehabilitation of veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.147362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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