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Palmedo H, Ahmadzadehfar H, Eschmann S, Niesen A, Schönberger J, Barsegian V, Liepe K, Mottaghy FM, Guan R, Pinkert J, Sandström P, Herrmann K. Pain Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with 223Ra: PARABO, a Prospective, Noninterventional Study. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1392-1398. [PMID: 37385670 PMCID: PMC10478815 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
223Ra, a targeted α-therapy, is approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have bone metastases. In the phase 3 ALSYMPCA study, 223Ra prolonged survival and improved quality of life versus placebo. Our real-world study, PARABO, investigated pain and bone pain-related quality of life in patients with mCRPC and symptomatic bone metastases receiving 223Ra in clinical practice. Methods: PARABO was a prospective, observational, noninterventional single-arm study conducted in nuclear medicine centers across Germany (NCT02398526). The primary endpoint was a clinically meaningful pain response (≥2-point improvement from baseline for the worst-pain item score in the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form). Results: The analysis included 354 patients, who received a median of 6 223Ra injections (range, 1-6). Sixty-seven percent (236/354) received 5-6 injections, and 33% (118/354) received 1-4 injections. Of 216 patients with a baseline worst-pain score of more than 1, 59% (128) had a clinically meaningful pain response during treatment. Corresponding rates were 67% (range, 98/146) with 5-6 223Ra injections versus 43% (range, 30/70) with 1-4 injections, 60% (range, 60/100) in patients with no more than 20 lesions versus 59% (range, 65/111) in those with more than 20 lesions, and 65% (range, 69/106) in patients without prior or concomitant opioid use versus 54% (range, 59/110) in those with prior or concomitant opioid use. Mean subscale scores (pain severity and pain interference) on the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form improved during treatment. Conclusion: 223Ra reduced pain in patients with mCRPC and symptomatic bone metastases, particularly in patients who received 5-6 injections. The extent of metastatic disease did not impact pain response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Palmedo
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Kaiser Passage and PET/CT Centre, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany;
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Knut Liepe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Frankfurt (Oder) GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rongjin Guan
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | | | - Per Sandström
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Link B, Torres Crigna A, Hölzel M, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O. Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes? J Clin Med 2021; 10:5124. [PMID: 34768644 PMCID: PMC8584726 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic cancers often require radiotherapy (RT) as a palliative therapy for cancer pain. RT can, however, also induce systemic antitumor effects outside of the irradiated field (abscopal effects) in various cancer entities. The occurrence of the abscopal effect is associated with a specific immunological activation in response to RT-induced cell death, which is mainly seen under concomitant immune checkpoint blockade. Even if the number of reported apscopal effects has increased since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition, its occurrence is still considered rare and unpredictable. The cases reported so far may nevertheless allow for identifying first biomarkers and clinical patterns. We here review biomarkers that may be helpful to predict the occurrence of abscopal effects and hence to optimize therapy for patients with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.L.); (A.T.C.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Current Treatment Modalities Targeting Tumor Microenvironment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34664246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is responsible for significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality following local treatment failure in men. The initial stages of PCa are typically managed with a combination of surgical resection and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Unfortunately, a significant proportion of PCa continues to progress despite being at castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dl), at which point it is coined castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In recent years, many novel therapeutics and drug combinations have been created for CRPC patients. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine receptor antagonists, steroidogenic enzyme inhibition, and novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as combinations of drugs. The selection of the most appropriate therapy depends on several factors like stage of the disease, age of the patient, metastasis, functional status, and response towards previous therapies. Here, we review the current state of the literature regarding treatment modalities, focusing on the treatment recommendations per the American Urological Association (AUA), recent clinical trials, and their limitations. An accurate and reliable overview of the strengths and limitations of PCa therapeutics could also allow personalized therapeutic interventions against PCa.
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Siau E, Salazar H, Livergant J, Klein J. Non-oncologist Physician Knowledge of Radiation Therapy at an Urban Community Hospital. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2021; 36:199-206. [PMID: 31605283 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a crucial part of cancer care, but previous work suggests that many non-radiation oncologist physicians are uncomfortable referring for RT. To evaluate training and understanding of RT, the authors sent invitations to complete an online questionnaire to all physicians at a community hospital in Bronx, NY, which asked about oncology training and self-rated and objective knowledge of RT. Out of 247 invited participants, 87 responded (35%). Among responders, 19 were attending physicians (22%) and 66 (76%) were residents. Seventy-two percent of respondents reported caring for > 5 cancer patients in the past month, but 54% reported never referring patients for RT. Sixty-nine percent of respondents stated they received no radiation oncology training in medical school, and 36% reported no general oncology training. Approximately half believed themselves to be "somewhat knowledgeable" about RT indications (48%), benefits (53%), and side effects (55%). Objective assessment mean score was 6.2/12 (median 7) for all respondents; Respondents with internal medicine specialization scored higher than others (mean 7.7 vs 3.5; p < 0.01). Scores did not differ between attending and resident physicians, resident post-graduate levels, or receiving oncology training in medical school. The factors most commonly cited as affecting RT referral decisions were type of cancer, patient wishes, family wishes, poor functional status, and life expectancy. Many physicians are unaware of RT effectiveness or indications, which may affect referral patterns. Previous oncology training was not associated with higher knowledge scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Siau
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Livergant
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia and BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Klein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Barboza T, Gomes T, da Costa Medeiros P, Ramos IP, Francischetti I, Monteiro RQ, Gutfilen B, de Souza SAL. Development of 131I-ixolaris as a theranostic agent: metastatic melanoma preclinical studies. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:489-497. [PMID: 32394234 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), a blood coagulation protein, plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Ixolaris, a tick-derived non-immunogenic molecule that binds to TF, has demonstrated in vivo inhibitory effect on murine models of melanoma, including primary growth and metastasis. This work aimed to: I) develop an efficient and stable labeling technique of ixolaris with Iodine-131(131I); II) compare the biodistribution of 131I and 131I-ixolaris in tumor-free and melanoma-bearing mice; III) evaluate whether 131I-ixolaris could serve as an antimetastatic agent. Ixolaris radioiodination was performed using iodogen, followed by liquid paper chromatography. Labeling stability and anticoagulant activity were measured. Imaging studies were performed after intravenous administration of free 131I or 131I-ixolaris in a murine melanoma model employing the B16-F10 cell line. Animals were divided in three experimental groups: the first experimental group, D0, received a single-dose of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris at the same day the animals were inoculated with melanoma cells. In the second group, D15, a single-dose of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris or free 131I was applied into mice on the fifteenth day after the tumor induction. The third group, D1-D15, received two therapeutic doses of 9.25 MBq of 131I-ixolaris or 131I. In vitro studies demonstrated that 131I-ixolaris is stable for up to 24 h and retains its inhibitory activity on blood coagulation. Biodistribution analysis and metastasis assays showed that all treatment regimens with 131I-ixolaris were effective, being the double-treatment (D1/D15) the most effective one. Remarkably, treatment with free 131I showed no anti-metastatic effect. 131I-ixolaris is a promising theranostic agent for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barboza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Priscylla da Costa Medeiros
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Bioimagem E Biologia Estrutural, Bloco M, Unidade 2, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ivo Francischetti
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Robson Q Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Marcação de Células E Moléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. .,Centro Nacional de Bioimagem E Biologia Estrutural, Bloco M, Unidade 2, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Hegemann M, Maas M, Rausch S, Walz S, Bedke J, Stenzl A, Todenhöfer T. Current concepts and trends in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2017; 21:221199. [PMID: 29286005 PMCID: PMC6337943 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_59_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases have a major impact on quality of life and survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer. In the last decade, the development and approval of substances inhibiting the vicious cycle of bone metastases have enabled the reduction of complications caused by bone metastases in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. These drugs have raised awareness of the importance of skeletal-related events which in the meantime represent an important end point also in trials using agents not specifically designed for bone lesions. Second-generation antihormonal drugs such as enzalutamide or abiraterone have been shown to have a positive impact on the incidence of skeletal complications and therefore provide an important tool in the armamentarium used for treating bone metastases. Radiopharmaceuticals such as radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]) have been demonstrated not only to reduce skeletal-related events and bone-related pain, but also to prolong overall survival, thereby being the first bone-targeting agent showing a survival benefit. As previous studies have not provided an obvious benefit of bone-targeted lesions in castration-sensitive disease, the use of these agents is not recommended. In oligometastatic prostate cancer, the role of local treatment of metastases using stereotactic radiation or radiosurgery is a matter of intense debates and may play an increasing role in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hegemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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7
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Guo J, Xiao Z, Yu X, Cao R. miR-20b promotes cellular proliferation and migration by directly regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6895-6900. [PMID: 29163708 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which are critical regulators of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Previous studies have identified that microRNA-20b (miR-20b) acts as an oncogene in numerous cancers. However, the role of miR-20b in prostate cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-20b in prostate cancer and to examine whether modulating miR-20b expression impacts prostate cancer cellular proliferation and migration. It was revealed that miR-20b was strongly expressed in prostate cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal prostate tissues (P<0.05). Knockdown of miR-20b expression by miR-20b inhibitor inhibited VCaP and PC-3 cell growth and migration. Through bioinformatics analysis, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was predicted as a target gene of miR-20b in prostate cancer cells, which was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. In addition, restoration of PTEN expression levels did not affect endogenous miR-20b expression in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that miR-20b promotes cellular proliferation and migration by directly regulating PTEN in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zewen Xiao
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Yu
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Runfu Cao
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Kratochwil C, Afshar-Oromieh A, Kopka K, Haberkorn U, Giesel FL. Current Status of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeting in Nuclear Medicine: Clinical Translation of Chelator Containing Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands Into Diagnostics and Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 46:405-18. [PMID: 27553466 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed by approximately 90% of prostate carcinomas. The expression correlates with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as a high Gleason score, infiltrative growth, metastasis, and hormone-independence. The high specificity, especially in the undifferentiated stage, makes it an excellent target for diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been developed for imaging and therapy. In 2011 PSMA-11, a ligand that consists of the Glu-urea-motif and the chelator HBED-CC, which can be exclusively radiolabeled with (68)Ga for PET imaging, presented the clinical breakthrough for prostate cancer diagnostics. In two large diagnostic studies (n = 319 and n = 248) PET/CT with PSMA-11 successfully localized the recurrent tumor in approximately 90% of patients with biochemical relapse. Integrating PSMA-PET/CT into the planning phase of radiotherapy, the treatment concept is changed in 30%-50% of the patients. The combination of the Glu-urea-motif with DOTA, which can be labeled with several diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides, opened new avenues for therapeutic usage of the small-molecule PSMA ligands. In the beginning of 2016, there are four confirmative reports (n = 19, n = 24, n = 30, and n = 56) from four different centers reporting a PSA response in approximately 70% of patients treated with (177)Lu-labeled PSMA ligands. In conclusion, the data available up to now indicate a widespread use of PSMA ligands for diagnostic applications with respect to staging, detection of recurrence, or metastases in patients with rising tumor markers and for therapy in case of failure of guideline-compliant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine (E060), German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine (E060), German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Radium-223 dichloride in clinical practice: a review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1896-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang H, Zhang X, Sun W, Hu X, Li X, Fu S, Liu C. Activation of TIM1 induces colon cancer cell apoptosis via modulating Fas ligand expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:377-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kratochwil C, Giesel FL, Stefanova M, Benešová M, Bronzel M, Afshar-Oromieh A, Mier W, Eder M, Kopka K, Haberkorn U. PSMA-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with 177Lu-Labeled PSMA-617. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1170-6. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.171397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Assessment of Radiation Induced Therapeutic Effect and Cytotoxicity in Cancer Patients Based on Transcriptomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:250. [PMID: 26907258 PMCID: PMC4783980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity induced by radiation therapy is a curse for cancer patients undergoing treatment. It is imperative to understand and define an ideal condition where the positive effects notably outweigh the negative. We used a microarray meta-analysis approach to measure global gene-expression before and after radiation exposure. Bioinformatic tools were used for pathways, network, gene ontology and toxicity related studies. We found 429 differentially expressed genes at fold change >2 and p-value <0.05. The most significantly upregulated genes were synuclein alpha (SNCA), carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), X-linked Kx blood group (XK), glycophorin A and B (GYPA and GYPB), and hemogen (HEMGN), while downregulated ones were membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A member 1 (MS4A1), immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7), BTB and CNC homology 1 transcription factor 2 (BACH2), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (BCL11B). Pathway analysis revealed calcium-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis and the role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in regulation of the immune response as the most inhibited pathways, while apoptosis signaling was significantly activated. Most of the normal biofunctions were significantly decreased while cell death and survival process were activated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the immune system process as the most overrepresented group under the biological process category. Toxicity function analysis identified liver, kidney and heart to be the most affected organs during and after radiation therapy. The identified biomarkers and alterations in molecular pathways induced by radiation therapy should be further investigated to reduce the cytotoxicity and development of fatigue.
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Fu Y, Cao F. MicroRNA-125a-5p regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration through NAIF1 in prostate carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3827-35. [PMID: 26719710 PMCID: PMC4689268 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the functional roles of microRNA-125a-5p in regulating human prostate carcinoma. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the gene expression levels of miR-125a-5p in eight prostate cancer cell lines and nine biopsy specimens from patients with prostate cancer. miR-125a-5p was genetically knocked down in prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and VCaP cells by lentiviral transduction. The effects of miR-125a-5p downregulation on prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by MTT assay and transwell assay, respectively. Direct regulation of miR-125a-5p on its downstream targets, NAIF1, and apoptotic gene caspase-3 were evaluated through dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot, respectively. NAIF1 was then ectopically overexpressed in DU145 and VCaP cells to modulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Finally, the effects of miR-125a-5p downregulation or NAIF1 overexpression on the growth of in vivo prostate cancer xenograft were evaluated. Results miR-125a-5p was upregulated in prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate carcinomas. Lentivirus induced miR-125a-5p downregulation in DU145 and VCaP cells inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation or migration. NAIF1 was the direct target of miR-125a-5p, as both gene and protein expression levels of NAIF1, as well as caspase-3 were upregulated by miR-125a-5p. Forced overexpression of NAIF1 had similar antitumor effects as miR-125a-5p downregulation on prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. In vivo prostate xenograft assay confirmed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-125a-5p downregulation or NAIF1 overexpression. Conclusion miR-125a-5p regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration through NAIF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Urology, The Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Cao
- Department of Urology, The Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, People's Republic of China
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