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Ranjbartehrani P, Ramirez DA, Schmidlin F, Etheridge M, Iaizzo PA, Shao Q, Bischof JC. Nerve Protection During Prostate Cryosurgery. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:538-549. [PMID: 36088432 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryosurgery is a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of focal prostate cancer (PCa). A major complication is the cryoinjury to the cavernous nerve in the neurovascular bundle (NVB). This nerve cryoinjury halts conduction of action potentials (APs) and can eventually result in erectile dysfunction and therefore diminished quality of life for the patient. Here, we propose the application of cryoprotective agents (CPA) to the regions of the nerves in the NVB, prior to prostate cryosurgery, to minimize non-recoverable loss of AP conduction. We modeled a cryosurgical procedure based on data taken during a clinical case and applied ex-vivo porcine phrenic nerves and rat sciatic nerve with temperature profile of NVB. The APs were measured before and after the CPA exposures and during 3 h of recovery. Comparisons of AP amplitude recovery with various CPA compositions reveal that certain CPAs (e.g., 5% DMSO + 7.5% Trehalose and 5% M22 for porcine and rat nerves, respectively) showed little or no toxicity and effective cryoprotection from freezing (on average 48% and 30% of recovered AP, respectively). In summary, we demonstrate that neural conduction can be preserved after exposure to freezing conditions if CPAs are properly selected and deployed onto the nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Ranjbartehrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Franz Schmidlin
- Urology Center Hirslanden Grangettes Group, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Etheridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Paul A Iaizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. .,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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Lugnani F, Zhao JG. Translation of Cryobiological Techniques to Socially Economically Deprived Populations—Part 2: Cryosurgery. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCold and cryogenic temperatures are used for treating cancer and other pathological conditions in various fields of medicine. Cryosurgery, which resides at the interface of medicine and engineering, has attracted the interest of engineers, scientists, and medical doctors. Recently, particularly since the end of the 1980s, technological developments in cryotherapy equipment and enormous advances in imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and ultrasonography, have allowed surgeons and interventional radiologists to precisely guide cryogenic probes into tumors while avoiding damage to surrounding tissues. Extensive studies have allowed us to conclude that the use of cryogenics facilitates the successful treatment of solid tumors in various organs such as lung, liver, bones, kidneys, prostate, etc. Its simplicity of use, effectiveness, low cost, and limited demand on hospital infrastructure and personnel have made cryosurgery particularly suitable for the treatment of patients of socio-economically deprived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Lugnani
- Hippocrates Doo, Brezec pri Divaci 9a, Divaca 6215, Slovenia
| | - John Guojiang Zhao
- Asia-Pacific Institute for Biomedical Research, 28 Connaught Road West, Hong Kong, China
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