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Zou Y, MacFarlane N. Influence of biceps-triceps ratio on golf swing performance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307547. [PMID: 39042614 PMCID: PMC11265706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines how maintaining a straight leading arm affects the muscle strength balance between the biceps and triceps in golfers and its influence on golf performance. METHODS We recruited 20 male participants aged 18-45, including 10 golfers and 10 non-golfers. The participants' average age was 25.6±6.2 years, height 1.8±0.07 m, and weight 75.6±10.2 kg. We measured isometric and isokinetic muscle strength using the Primus RS Dynamometer (BTE Technologies, Hanover, MD, USA) and assessed golf swing performance with the Optishot 2 Golf Simulator (Optishot, Brighton, MI, USA). RESULTS Golfers exhibited significantly greater triceps strength (P = 0.02) and a lower biceps-to-triceps strength ratio (P = 0.002) than non-golfers. Low-handicap golfers showed more centered and consistent ball impacts compared to mid-handicap golfers. There were no significant differences in swing path and face angles between low- and mid-handicap golfers. Muscle strength and the biceps-to-triceps strength ratio correlated with driving distance, as well as the frequencies of specific swing paths, face angles, and ball impact points, highlighting the complex interplay between muscle balance and swing performance. CONCLUSION Greater triceps strength and a lower biceps-to-triceps strength ratio are key for maintaining a straight leading arm, especially in skilled golfers. While increased muscle strength tends to enhance driving distance, it does not necessarily improve accuracy. Consistent ball impact points may indicate higher skill levels. Future research should involve a larger, more diverse participant pool to validate these findings and further explore the complex nature of golf swing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Niall MacFarlane
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Savin JH, Rezzoug N. simMACT, a Software Demonstrator to Improve Maximum Actuation Joint Torques Simulation for Ergonomics Assessment. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:044504. [PMID: 38319176 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The maximum actuation joint torques that operators can perform at the workplace are essential parameters for biomechanical risk assessment. However, workstation designers generally only have at their disposal the imprecise and sparse estimates of these quantities provided with digital manikin digital human model (DHM) software. For instance, such tools consider only static postures and ignore important specificities of the human musculoskeletal system such as interjoints couplings. To alleviate the weaknesses of existing approaches implemented in digital human modeling tools relying on torque databases, this paper describes a methodology based on a class of polytopes called zonotopes and musculoskeletal simulation to assess maximum actuation torques. It has two main advantages, the ability to estimate maximum joint torques for any posture and taking into account musculoskeletal specificities unlike existing digital human modeling tools. As a case study, it also compares simulated maximum actuation torques to those recorded during an experiment described in the literature, focusing on an isometric task of the upper limb. This simulation has led to similar or smaller errors than DHM software tools. Hence, this methodology may help in interpreting interjoint couplings, choosing appropriate mathematical models or design experimental protocols. It may also be implemented in DHM software to provide designers with more comprehensive and more reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Savin
- CPI Laboratory, Working Equipment Engineering Department, INRS, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54500, France
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité
| | - Nasser Rezzoug
- RoBioSS Team, PPrime Institute, CNRS-University of Poitiers-ENSMA, UPR 3346, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
- Institut Pprime
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3
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Rogowski I, Degot M, Hager JP, Del Moral B, Cardot N, Loursac R, Blache Y, Neyton L. Normative values for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Shoulder Elbow 2024; 16:3-16. [PMID: 38425741 PMCID: PMC10901170 DOI: 10.1177/17585732221098738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to provide normative values for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players. From the inception to March 2021, the search strategy was (strength OR torque) AND shoulder AND rugby using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases, with no language restrictions. This systematic review includes 15 articles involving 573 rugby players and presenting internal or external glenohumeral rotation strength values. Two main methods are used to assess glenohumeral rotation strength in rugby players: isokinetic and isometric methods; in the isometric method, the upper arm is abducted at either 0° or 90°. Owing to differences in isokinetic procedures and a lack of studies assessing isometric strength when the upper arm is in a neutral position, normative internal or external glenohumeral rotation strength values are only provided for isometric contractions when the upper arm is abducted at 90° based on 311 shoulders of 163 male rugby union players, with 2.04 ± 0.15 N.kg-1 and 2.11 ± 0.13 N.kg-1 for internal and external glenohumeral rotation strength, respectively. These findings may help strength and conditioning coaches and physical therapists, provide objective evidence when deciding whether or not rugby union players should return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rogowski
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité – EA 7424, UFRSTAPS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M Degot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité – EA 7424, UFRSTAPS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - JP Hager
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Fifa Medical Center of Excellence, Lyon, France
- Lyon Olympique Universitaire Rugby, Lyon, France
| | - B Del Moral
- Lyon Olympique Universitaire Rugby, Lyon, France
| | - N Cardot
- Lyon Olympique Universitaire Rugby, Lyon, France
| | - R Loursac
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Fifa Medical Center of Excellence, Lyon, France
- Lyon Olympique Universitaire Rugby, Lyon, France
| | - Y Blache
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité – EA 7424, UFRSTAPS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - L Neyton
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Fifa Medical Center of Excellence, Lyon, France
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Lyon, France
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4
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Henderson ZJ, Wang S, Cornish SM, Scribbans TD. Exploring the acute muscle fatigue response in resistance trained individuals during eccentric quasi-isometric elbow flexions-a cross-sectional comparison of repetition and sex. Sports Biomech 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37921046 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2269543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric quasi-isometrics (EQIs) are a novel, low-velocity resistance exercise technique that incorporates a holding isometric contraction to positional fatigue, followed by voluntary resistance of the resulting eccentric muscle action. As females are typically more fatigue resistant than males during isometric and low-velocity dynamic muscle actions, this study explored sex-differences in the muscle fatigue response to an EQI protocol. Twenty-five (n = 12 female) participants completed 4 unilateral EQI elbow flexions. Absolute and relative surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude (iEMG, LE peak), mean power frequency (MPF), angular impulse (aIMP), and elbow angle were compared across repetitions and between sexes using discrete values and statistical parametric/non-parametric mapping. There were significant and substantial sex and repetition differences in absolute iEMG, MPF, and aIMP, however, males and females had statistically similar absolute aIMP by repetition 4. When expressed relatively, there were no significant sex-differences. Additionally, there were significant between repetition changes in sEMG amplitude and elbow angle with an increasing number of repetitions, largely in the first-two thirds of repetition time. The current study suggests that there are absolute, but not relative sex-differences in EQI induced muscle fatigue, and the effects across repetitions occur predominately in the first two-thirds of repetition time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Trisha D Scribbans
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Ligero CH, Zuriaga DS, Iranzo ÚM, Corresa SP, De Rosario H. Protocol for Forearm Pronosupination Strength Measuring in Different Postures: Reliability and Influence of Relevant Factors. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7705205110. [PMID: 37796621 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite the importance of pronosupination strength, which is key in daily activities, current evaluation protocols are disparate, and results differ regarding the influence of factors such as gender, age, limb dominance, or posture. OBJECTIVE To design a reliable device to measure pronation and supination torques in different forearm positions, considering the influence of gender, age, and limb dominance. DESIGN Reliability study with analysis of intrarater and interrater repeatability and examination of the influence of different factors on the strength of pronation and supination. SETTING Biomechanical analysis laboratory of the Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 39 healthy male and female participants, ages 18 to 65 yr. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pronation strength and supination strength were studied in five forearm positions: 30° and 60° of supination, neutral rotation, and 30° and 60° of pronation. The influence of gender, age, and limb dominance was studied using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were studied in 17 participants, and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from three measurement sessions. RESULTS Except for 60° of pronation, all ICCs ranged from .72 to .97. Gender, limb dominance, and posture significantly affected pronosupination strength (p < .05), with the highest supination strength at 60° of pronation and the highest pronation strength at 60° of supination. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In using this reliable pronosupination torque assessment device and standardized protocol in the clinical setting, clinicians must consider the influence of gender, limb dominance, and forearm posture. What This Article Adds: The results of this study will allow occupational therapists to establish differences between patients' functionality in comparison with healthy individuals and to design recovery treatments and facilitate performance of manual tasks, considering which are the most advantageous positions to exert force. Furthermore, the developed device can be used to monitor the evolution of these torques in an objective and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Herrera Ligero
- Cristina Herrera Ligero, MD, is Researcher, Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Sánchez Zuriaga
- Daniel Sánchez Zuriaga, PhD, MD, is Associate Professor of Anatomy, Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Universitat de Valencia Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Úrsula Martínez Iranzo
- Úrsula Martínez Iranzo, PhD, is Biomedical Engineer and Researcher, Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pitarch Corresa
- Salvador Pitarch Corresa, PT, is Researcher, Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helios De Rosario
- Helios De Rosario, PhD, is Senior Researcher, Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Low-Load Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction Is Effective for Managing Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:803-825. [PMID: 36099170 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LLRT-BFR) when compared to LLRT with sham-BFR in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Forty-six patients with LET were randomly assigned to a LLRT-BFR or a LLRT with sham-BFR treatment group. All patients received soft tissue massage, supervised exercises with BFR or sham intervention (twice a week for 6 weeks), advice, and a home exercise program. The primary outcome measures were pain intensity, patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) score, pain-free grip strength, and global rating of change, measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Between-group differences were evaluated using mixed-effects models with participant-specific random effects for continuous data. Global rating of change was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Statistically significant between-group differences were found in favor of LLRT-BFR compared to LLRT with sham-BFR in pain intensity at 12-week follow-up (-1.54, 95% CI: -2.89 to -0.18; P = .026), pain-free grip strength ratio at 6-week follow-up (0.20, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.34; P = .005), and PRTEE at 6- and 12-week follow-up (-11.92, 95% CI: -20.26 to -3.59; P = .006, and -15.23, 95% CI: -23.57 to -6.9; P<.001, respectively). At 6- and 12-weeks, patients in the LLRT-BFR group had greater odds of reporting complete recovery or significant improvement (OR = 6.0, OR = 4.09, respectively). CONCLUSION: Low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction produced significantly better results compared to the LLRT with sham-BFR for all primary outcomes. Considering the clinically significant between-group improvement in function (>11 points in PRTEE) and the better success rates in the LLRT-BFR group, this intervention may improve recovery in LET. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(12):803-825. Epub: 14 September 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11211.
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Boccia G, D’Emanuele S, Brustio PR, Beratto L, Tarperi C, Casale R, Sciarra T, Rainoldi A. Strength Asymmetries Are Muscle-Specific and Metric-Dependent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148495. [PMID: 35886350 PMCID: PMC9319678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if dominance affected upper limbs muscle function, and we calculated the level of agreement in asymmetry direction across various muscle-function metrics of two heterologous muscle groups. We recorded elbow flexors and extensors isometric strength of the dominant and non-dominant limb of 55 healthy adults. Participants performed a series of explosive contractions of maximal and submaximal amplitudes to record three metrics of muscle performance: maximal voluntary force (MVF), rate of force development (RFDpeak), and RFD-Scaling Factor (RFD-SF). At the population level, the MVF was the only muscle function that showed a difference between the dominant and non-dominant sides, being on average slightly (3–6%) higher on the non-dominant side. At the individual level, the direction agreement among heterologous muscles was poor for all metrics (Kappa values ≤ 0.15). When considering the homologous muscles, the direction agreement was moderate between MVF and RFDpeak (Kappa = 0.37) and low between MVF and RFD-SF (Kappa = 0.01). The asymmetries are muscle-specific and rarely favour the same side across different muscle-performance metrics. At the individual level, no one side is more performative than the other: each limb is favoured depending on muscle group and performance metric. The present findings can be used by practitioners that want to decrease the asymmetry levels as they should prescribe specific exercise training for each muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Boccia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (P.R.B.); (C.T.)
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, SUISM, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Samuel D’Emanuele
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (P.R.B.); (C.T.)
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, SUISM, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Beratto
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, SUISM, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (P.R.B.); (C.T.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Casale
- Opusmedica Persons Care & Research, NPO, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Joint Veterans Defence Center, Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, SUISM, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Badre A, Padmore CE, Axford DT, Berkmortel C, Faber KJ, King GJW, Johnson JA. The role of biceps loading and muscle activation on radial head stability in anterior Monteggia injuries: An in vitro biomechanical study. J Hand Ther 2021; 34:376-383. [PMID: 32600743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little evidence-based information is available to direct the optimal rehabilitation of patients with anterior Monteggia injuries. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aims of this biomechanical investigation were to (1) quantify the effect of biceps loading and (2) to compare the effect of simulated active and passive elbow flexion on radial head stability in anterior Monteggia injuries. STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. METHODS Six cadaveric arms were mounted in an elbow motion simulator. The effect of biceps loading, simulated active and passive elbow flexion motions was examined with application of 0N, 20N, 40N, 60N, 80N, and 100N of load. Simulated active and passive elbow flexion motions were then performed with the forearm supinated. Radial head translation relative to the capitellum was measured using an optical tracking system. After testing the intact elbows, the proximal ulna was osteotomized and realigned using a custom jig to simulate an anatomical reduction. We then sequentially sectioned the anterior radiocapitellar joint capsule, annular ligament, quadrate ligament, and the proximal and middle interosseous membrane to simulate soft tissue injuries commonly associated with anterior Monteggia fractures. RESULTS Greater magnitudes of biceps loading significantly increased anterior radial head translation. However, there was no significant difference in radial head translation between simulated active and passive elbow flexion except in the final stage of soft tissue sectioning. There was a significant increase in anterior radial head translation with progressive injury states with both isometric biceps loading and simulated active and passive motion. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that anatomic reduction of the ulna may not be sufficient to restore radial head alignment in anterior Monteggia injuries with a greater magnitude of soft tissue injury. In cases with significant soft tissue injury, the elbow should be immobilized in a flexed and supinated position to allow relaxation of the biceps and avoid movement of the elbow in the early postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Badre
- Western Upper Limb Facility, Sturgeon Hospital, St. Albert, Alberta, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Clare E Padmore
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David T Axford
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Berkmortel
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Faber
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham J W King
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Johnson
- Roth-McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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O'Connell DG, Cooper KA, Richeson SM, Moeller MB, Stephens JW, Key DJ. The effect of forearm position on elbow flexion strength in nursing, occupational, and physical therapy students. Work 2021; 69:403-409. [PMID: 34092689 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novice nurses, occupational and physical therapist's injury rates are alarming. OBJECTIVE To test for differences in peak elbow flexion forces (PEFF) by profession using different forearm positions. METHODS Entry-level RN, OT, and PT students performed 3-repetitions of standing PEFF in forearm supination, pronation, and neutral. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA determined the forearm position with the greatest PEFF. A one-way ANOVA assessed differences in PEFF between professions. The alpha level was set at p≤0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS Thirty 30 RN, 25 OT, and 30 PT students (x = 23.27 + /-3.29 yrs.) were studied. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in PEFF between positions (F(2,168) = 144.3, p < 0.0001). A significant (p < 0.0001) pairwise comparison revealed neutral produced the greatest (28.15 + /-12.64 kg) and pronation the least PEFF (17.27 + /-7.40). PEFF was significantly different between position by profession (supination: F(2,82) = 10.14, p < 0.0001; pronation: F(2,82) = 10.33, p < 0.0001; neutral: F(2,82) = 13.39, p < 0.0001). PTs were significantly stronger than OTs and RN students in all forearm positions (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Neutral PEFF was greatest and PT students demonstrated greater PEFF than OT and RN students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G O'Connell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly A Cooper
- Patty Hanks Shelton School of Nursing, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Shelby M Richeson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Mathilde B Moeller
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Jason W Stephens
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - DeAndre J Key
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA
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Thoomes-de Graaf M, Thoomes E, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano G, Cleland JA. Normative values of cervical range of motion for both children and adults: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 49:102182. [PMID: 32861355 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVE To synthesize studies reporting normative values of active cervical range of motion (ROM) in healthy children and adults. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Evaluating active cervical ROM is part of routine assessment of patients with neck pain. Interpretation of outcomes necessitates having normative data per age category. Currently available normative values differ across studies, perhaps due to (the measurement properties of) the devices used. METHODS A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Electronic searches included EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases from inception to August 2018. Included studies had to involve healthy subjects in which active cervical ROM was assessed or when determining normative values was the aim of the study. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using an adapted version of the QUADAS. A mean value was re-calculated for the total group in case data were presented per gender per age-category only. When possible, data were pooled. RESULTS From 2151 unique hits, 217 articles were selected for full text assessment, after which 162 articles were excluded. Data were extracted from 55 articles using 16 different measurement devices. Twenty-five studies were rated as being of "low risk of bias". Only data from studies evaluating the CROM device and Zebris could be pooled. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed that although a large number of studies assessed normative data for active cervical ROM, the methodological quality of most studies was low and the heterogeneity between studies was high. Only the normative data for active cervical ROM using the CROM device seems to be useful. Overall, reference values for measuring active cervical ROM is unclear for most measurement devices. Normative values of cervical range of motion for both children and adults: a systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Thoomes
- Fysio-Experts, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, the Netherlands
| | - César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua A Cleland
- Department of Physical Therapy, Franklin Pierce University, Manchester, NH, USA; Faculty, Manual Therapy Fellowship Program, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
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Ingram LA, Butler AA, Walsh LD, Brodie MA, Lord SR, Gandevia SC. The upper limb Physiological Profile Assessment: Description, reliability, normative values and criterion validity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218553. [PMID: 31247034 PMCID: PMC6597070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive decline in upper limb function is associated with ageing and disease. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the performance of 367 healthy individuals aged of 20 to 95 years across a battery of upper limb clinical tests, which we have termed the upper limb Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). The upper limb PPA was designed to quantify the performance of the multiple physiological domains important for adequate function in the upper extremities. Included are tests of muscle strength, unilateral movement and dexterity, position sense, skin sensation, bimanual coordination, arm stability, along with a functional task. We report age and gender normative values for each test. Test-retest reliability ranged from good to excellent in all tests (intra-class correlation coefficients from 0.65 to 0.98) with the exception of position sense (0.31). Ten of the thirteen tests revealed differences in performance between males and females, twelve showed a decline in performance with increasing age, and eight discriminated between older people with and without upper limb functional impairment. Furthermore, most tests showed good external validity with respect to age, an upper limb functional test and self-reported function. This profiling approach provides a reference range for clinical groups with upper limb sensory and motor impairments and may assist in identifying undiagnosed deficits in the general population. Furthermore, the tests are sufficiently reliable to detect motor impairments in people with compromised upper limb function and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Ingram
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annie A Butler
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee D Walsh
- Platypus Technical Consultants Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brodie
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon C Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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