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Chakraborty S, Paul U, Banerjee S, Saha D, Banerjee S. An integrated approach to understand the regulatory role of miR-27 family in breast cancer metastasis. Biosystems 2024; 238:105200. [PMID: 38565418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
One of the prime reasons of increasing breast cancer mortality is metastasizing cancer cells. Owing to the side effects of clinically available drugs to treat breast cancer metastasis, it is of utmost importance to understand the underlying biogenesis of breast cancer tumorigenesis. In-silico identification of potential RNAs might help in utilizing the miR-27 family as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. The experimentally verified common interacting mRNAs for miR27 family are retrieved from three publicly available databases- TargetScan, miRDB and miRTarBase. Finally on comparing the common genes with HCMDB and GEPIA data, four breast cancer-associated differentially expressed metastatic mRNAs (GATA3, ENAH, ITGA2 and SEMA4D) are obtained. Corresponding to the miR27 family and associated mRNAs, interacting drugs are retrieved from Sm2mir and CTDbase, respectively. The interaction network-based approach was utilized to obtain the hub RNAs and triad modules by employing the 'Cytohubba' and 'MClique' plugins, respectively in Cytoscape. Further, sample-, subclass- and promoter methylation-based expression analyses reveals GATA3 and ENAH to be the most significant mRNAs in breast cancer metastasis having >10% genetic alteration in both METABRIC Vs TCGA datasets as per their oncoprint analysis via cBioPortal. Additionally, survival analysis in Oncolnc reveals SEMA4D as survival biomarker. Interactions among the miR27 family, their target mRNAs and drugs interacting with miRNAs and mRNAs can be extensively explored in both in-vivo and in-vitro setups to assess their therapeutic potential in the diminution of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Chakraborty
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Utpalendu Paul
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Debanjan Saha
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India.
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2
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Deregulated E2F Activity as a Cancer-Cell Specific Therapeutic Tool. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020393. [PMID: 36833320 PMCID: PMC9956157 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F, the principal target of the tumor suppressor pRB, plays crucial roles in cell proliferation and tumor suppression. In almost all cancers, pRB function is disabled, and E2F activity is enhanced. To specifically target cancer cells, trials have been undertaken to suppress enhanced E2F activity to restrain cell proliferation or selectively kill cancer cells, utilizing enhanced E2F activity. However, these approaches may also impact normal growing cells, since growth stimulation also inactivates pRB and enhances E2F activity. E2F activated upon the loss of pRB control (deregulated E2F) activates tumor suppressor genes, which are not activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation, inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis to protect cells from tumorigenesis. Deregulated E2F activity is tolerated in cancer cells due to inactivation of the ARF-p53 pathway, thus representing a feature unique to cancer cells. Deregulated E2F activity, which activates tumor suppressor genes, is distinct from enhanced E2F activity, which activates growth-related genes, in that deregulated E2F activity does not depend on the heterodimeric partner DP. Indeed, the ARF promoter, which is specifically activated by deregulated E2F, showed higher cancer-cell specific activity, compared to the E2F1 promoter, which is also activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation. Thus, deregulated E2F activity is an attractive potential therapeutic tool to specifically target cancer cells.
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3
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Zaman N, Yousaf R, Akhtar Z, Sikander Azam S. Modulating Structural Dynamics of Dual Drugs for CDK4 Complex Addressing Prostate Cancer. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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4
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Xiang W, Qi W, Li H, Sun J, Dong C, Ou H, Liu B. Palbociclib Induces the Apoptosis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via RB-Independent STAT3 Phosphorylation. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5855-5868. [PMID: 36005200 PMCID: PMC9406926 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) treatment response is poor and treatment alternatives are limited. Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, has recently been approved for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients and applied in multiple preclinical models, but its use for LUSC therapy remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether palbociclib induced cell apoptosis and dissected the underlying mechanism in LUSC. We found that palbociclib induced LUSC cell apoptosis through inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Interestingly, palbociclib reduced STAT3 signaling in LUSC cells interfered by retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (RB), suggesting that pro-apoptosis effect of palbociclib was independent of classic CDK4/6-RB signaling. Furthermore, palbociclib could suppress IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and therefore blocked Src/STAT3 signaling, which were rescued by either recombinant human IL-1β or IL-6. Moreover, Myc mediated the sensitivity of LUSC cells to palbociclib. Our discoveries demonstrated that palbociclib induces apoptosis of LUSC cells through the Src/STAT3 axis in an RB-independent manner, and provided a reliable experimental basis of clinical studies in LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanchen Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Huayu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojie Ou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Beykou M, Arias-Garcia M, Roumeliotis TI, Choudhary JS, Moser N, Georgiou P, Bakal C. Proteomic characterisation of triple negative breast cancer cells following CDK4/6 inhibition. Sci Data 2022; 9:395. [PMID: 35817775 PMCID: PMC9273754 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
When used in combination with hormone treatment, Palbociclib prolongs progression-free survival of patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, Palbociclib inhibits CDK4/6 activity but the basis for differing sensitivity of cancer to Palbociclib is poorly understood. A common observation in a subset of Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) is that prolonged CDK4/6 inhibition can engage a senescence-like state where cells exit the cell cycle, whilst, remaining metabolically active. To better understand the senescence-like cell state which arises after Palbociclib treatment we used mass spectrometry to quantify the proteome, phosphoproteome, and secretome of Palbociclib-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. We observed altered levels of cell cycle regulators, immune response, and key senescence markers upon Palbociclib treatment. These datasets provide a starting point for the derivation of biomarkers which could inform the future use CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC subtypes and guide the development of potential combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Beykou
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mar Arias-Garcia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Functional Proteomics, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Functional Proteomics, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicolas Moser
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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6
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Crozier L, Foy R, Mouery BL, Whitaker RH, Corno A, Spanos C, Ly T, Gowen Cook J, Saurin AT. CDK4/6 inhibitors induce replication stress to cause long-term cell cycle withdrawal. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108599. [PMID: 35037284 PMCID: PMC8922273 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest the cell cycle in G1-phase. They are approved to treat breast cancer and are also undergoing clinical trials against a range of other tumour types. To facilitate these efforts, it is important to understand why a cytostatic arrest in G1 causes long-lasting effects on tumour growth. Here, we demonstrate that a prolonged G1 arrest following CDK4/6 inhibition downregulates replisome components and impairs origin licencing. Upon release from that arrest, many cells fail to complete DNA replication and exit the cell cycle in a p53-dependent manner. If cells fail to withdraw from the cell cycle following DNA replication problems, they enter mitosis and missegregate chromosomes causing excessive DNA damage, which further limits their proliferative potential. These effects are observed in a range of tumour types, including breast cancer, implying that genotoxic stress is a common outcome of CDK4/6 inhibition. This unanticipated ability of CDK4/6 inhibitors to induce DNA damage now provides a rationale to better predict responsive tumour types and effective combination therapies, as demonstrated by the fact that CDK4/6 inhibition induces sensitivity to chemotherapeutics that also cause replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Crozier
- Division of Cellular and Systems MedicineJacqui Wood Cancer CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Reece Foy
- Division of Cellular and Systems MedicineJacqui Wood Cancer CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Brandon L Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Robert H Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Andrea Corno
- Division of Cellular and Systems MedicineJacqui Wood Cancer CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Present address:
Centre for Gene Regulation and ExpressionSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cellular and Systems MedicineJacqui Wood Cancer CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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Castellanet O, Ahmad F, Vinik Y, Mills GB, Habermann B, Borg JP, Lev S, Lamballe F, Maina F. BCL-XL blockage in TNBC models confers vulnerability to inhibition of specific cell cycle regulators. Theranostics 2021; 11:9180-9197. [PMID: 34646365 PMCID: PMC8490507 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators are frequently altered in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Emerging agents targeting these signals offer the possibility to design new combinatorial therapies. However, preclinical models that recapitulate TNBC primary resistance and heterogeneity are essential to evaluate the potency of these combined treatments. Methods: Bioinformatic processing of human breast cancer datasets was used to analyse correlations between expression levels of cell cycle regulators and patient survival outcome. The MMTV-R26Met mouse model of TNBC resistance and heterogeneity was employed to analyse expression and targeting vulnerability of cell cycle regulators in the presence of BCL-XL blockage. Robustness of outcomes and selectivity was further explored using a panel of human breast cancer cells. Orthotopic studies in nude mice were applied for preclinical evaluation of efficacy and toxicity. Alterations of protein expression, phosphorylation, and/or cellular localisation were analysed by western blots, reverse phase protein array, and immunocytochemistry. Bioinformatics was performed to highlight drug's mechanisms of action. Results: We report that high expression levels of the BCL2L1 gene encoding BCL-XL and of specific cell cycle regulators correlate with poor survival outcomes of TNBC patients. Blockage of BCL-XL confers vulnerability to drugs targeting CDK1/2/4, but not FOXM1, CDK4/6, Aurora A and Aurora B, to all MMTV-R26Met and human TNBC cell lines tested. Combined blockage of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 interfered with tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that, co-targeting of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 synergistically inhibited cell viability by combinatorial depletion of survival and RTK/AKT signals, and concomitantly restoring FOXO3a tumour suppression actions. This was accompanied by an accumulation of DNA damage and consequently apoptosis. Conclusions: Our studies illustrate the possibility to exploit the vulnerability of TNBC cells to CDK1/2/4 inhibition by targeting BCL-XL. Moreover, they underline that specificity matters in targeting cell cycle regulators for combinatorial anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Castellanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Fahmida Ahmad
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille (France)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Sima Lev
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Fabienne Lamballe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
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8
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Gil-Gil M, Alba E, Gavilá J, de la Haba-Rodríguez J, Ciruelos E, Tolosa P, Candini D, Llombart-Cussac A. The role of CDK4/6 inhibitors in early breast cancer. Breast 2021; 58:160-169. [PMID: 34087775 PMCID: PMC8184648 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) has proven to be a successful strategy in the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC), leading to a strong interest in their possible role in the treatment of early luminal BC. In this review we collect the most relevant and recent information on the use of CDK4/6i for the treatment of early BC in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Specifically, we evaluate the results of the large phase 3 adjuvant trials recently released, which have yielded apparently divergent results. We also examine the relevance of biomarkers as response predictive factors for CDI4/6i, the combination between radiotherapy and CDK4/6i, and provide a critical discussion on the evidence that we have so far and future directions of the role of these drugs in the treatment of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gil-Gil
- Institut Català d'Oncologia IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gavilá
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan de la Haba-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Tolosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Spain.
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9
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Susanti NMP, Tjahjono DH. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors in Cell Cycle Dysregulation for Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154462. [PMID: 34361615 PMCID: PMC8348313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In cell development, the cell cycle is crucial, and the cycle progression’s main controllers are endogenous CDK inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and cyclins. In response to the mitogenic signal, cyclin D is produced and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is phosphorylated due to activated CDK4/CDK6. This causes various proteins required in the cell cycle progression to be generated. In addition, complexes of CDK1-cyclin A/B, CDK2-cyclin E/A, and CDK4/CDK6-cyclin D are required in each phase of this progression. Cell cycle dysregulation has the ability to lead to cancer. Based on its role in the cell cycle, CDK has become a natural target of anticancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the CDK structures and the complex formed with the drug, helps to foster the development of CDK inhibitors. This development starts from non-selective CDK inhibitors to selective CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors, and these have been applied in clinical cancer treatment. However, these inhibitors currently require further development for various hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, based on the results demonstrated. In drug development, the main strategy is primarily to prevent and asphyxiate drug resistance, thus a determination of specific biomarkers is required to increase the therapy’s effectiveness as well as patient selection suitability in order to avoid therapy failure. This review is expected to serve as a reference for early and advanced-stage researchers in designing new molecules or repurposing existing molecules as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Pitri Susanti
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
- Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udaya, Jalan Bukit Jimbaran, Badung 80361, Indonesia
| | - Daryono Hadi Tjahjono
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-812-2240-0120
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10
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Advances in endocrine and targeted therapy for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1099-1108. [PMID: 32265426 PMCID: PMC7213629 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of breast cancer (BC) is hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for this subtype. However, intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance can occur during the endocrine treatment. Based on insights of endocrine resistance mechanisms, a number of targeted therapies have been and continue to be developed. With regard to HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced BC, aromatase inhibitor (AI) is superior to tamoxifen, and fulvestrant is a better option for patients previously exposed to endocrine therapy. Targeted drugs, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, play a significant role in the present and show a promising future. With the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors becoming common, mechanisms of acquired resistance to them should also be taken into consideration.
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11
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Saha S, Dey S, Nath S. Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620214. [PMID: 33777765 PMCID: PMC7994514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of cells through cell cycle consists of a series of events orchestrated in a regulated fashion. Such processes are influenced by cell cycle regulated expression of various proteins where multiple families of transcription factors take integral parts. Among these, the steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) represent a connection between the external hormone milieu and genes that control cellular proliferation. Therefore, understanding the molecular connection between the transcriptional role of steroid hormone receptors and cell cycle deserves importance in dissecting cellular proliferation in normal as well as malignant conditions. Deregulation of cell cycle promotes malignancies of various origins, including breast cancer. Indeed, SHR members play crucial role in breast cancer progression as well as management. This review focuses on SHR-driven cell cycle regulation and moving forward, attempts to discuss the role of SHR-driven crosstalk between cell cycle anomalies and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryendu Saha
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Samya Dey
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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12
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Shi D, Shui Y, Xu X, He K, Yang F, Gao J. Thymic function affects breast cancer development and metastasis by regulating expression of thymus secretions PTMα and Tβ15b1. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100980. [PMID: 33395746 PMCID: PMC7736969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Our previous research found that thymic dysfunction has a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In order to explore whether the functional status of thymus is related to the development and metastasis of breast cancer, we use BALB/c wild type mice (BALB wt), BALB/c nude mice (BALB nu), BALB wt mice implanted with 4T1 cells (wt 4T1), BALB nu with 4T1 (nu 4T1), D-galactose treatment wt 4T1 mice (D-Gal), Thymalfasin treatment wt 4T1 mice (Tα1), Cyclophosphamide treatment wt 4T1 mice (CTX), Doxorubicin treatment wt 4T1 mice (Dox) in the research. As a result, nu 4T1, D-Gal and DOX had earlier lung metastases. Gene chip results showed that PTMα and Tβ15b1 were the most up-regulated and down-regulated genes in thymosin-related genes, respectively. Overexpression or silencing of PTMα and Tβ15b1 genes did not affect the proliferation of 4T1 cells. PTMα gene silenced, cell migration and invasion ability enhanced, while PTMα gene overexpression, the cell invasion ability weaken. In vivo, PTMα gene overexpression promotes tumor growth and lung metastasis in the early stage, but has no significant effect in the later stage. Tβ15b1 overexpression also promotes tumor growth in the early stage, but suppresses in the later stage. Tβ15b1 gene silencing inhibits tumor lung metastasis. Thus, our findings demonstrated that thymic function affects breast cancer development and metastasis by regulating expression of thymus secretions PTMα and Tβ15b1. Our study provided new directions for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Shi
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yanmei Shui
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Fengqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Jianli Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Rivas-Barragan D, Mubeen S, Guim Bernat F, Hofmann-Apitius M, Domingo-Fernández D. Drug2ways: Reasoning over causal paths in biological networks for drug discovery. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008464. [PMID: 33264280 PMCID: PMC7735677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the causal mechanisms responsible for disease can reveal potential therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention and, accordingly, guide drug repositioning and discovery. In essence, the topology of a network can reveal the impact a drug candidate may have on a given biological state, leading the way for enhanced disease characterization and the design of advanced therapies. Network-based approaches, in particular, are highly suited for these purposes as they hold the capacity to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying disease. Here, we present drug2ways, a novel methodology that leverages multimodal causal networks for predicting drug candidates. Drug2ways implements an efficient algorithm which reasons over causal paths in large-scale biological networks to propose drug candidates for a given disease. We validate our approach using clinical trial information and demonstrate how drug2ways can be used for multiple applications to identify: i) single-target drug candidates, ii) candidates with polypharmacological properties that can optimize multiple targets, and iii) candidates for combination therapy. Finally, we make drug2ways available to the scientific community as a Python package that enables conducting these applications on multiple standard network formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rivas-Barragan
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Computer Architecture Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Germany
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Li T, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Chen F, Zeng Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Ribociclib (LEE011) suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 by inhibiting CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4001-4011. [PMID: 31588803 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1670670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands for a refractory subtype, which predicts poor prognosis and has no effective therapies yet for improving it. Given the restrictions of traditional treatments, novel therapeutic strategies need excavating to alleviate the intrinsic or acquired resistance. Ribociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, has successfully prevented cancers from deteriorating by intervening the CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway, especially for estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer. However, there still remains limited accessibility referring to TNBC. Performing experiments on MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that LEE011 could suppress cell proliferation, and this suppression tended to be dose-dependently. Western blotting analysis presented significant decrease with the expression of CDK4/6 after LEE011 treated, and other proteins associated with this axis such as cyclin D1, p-Rb, Rb, E2F1 showed aberrant changes. Moreover, LEE011 induced G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced cell migration in vitro. In addition, tumor growth was remarkably impeded without obvious side-effects in MDA-MB-231 xenograft models. Our research has identified that LEE011 was not completely invalid for MDA-MB-231. Considering its pivotal status in TNBC, the CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway informed us the possibility and practicality of Ribociclib (LEE011) as pharmacological intervention, but challenges warrant further validation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yudi Xiong
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yangyang Zeng
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-7(8 H)-ones: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224161. [PMID: 31744155 PMCID: PMC6891647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1) are a type of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds capable of providing ligands for several receptors in the body. Among such structures, our group and others have been particularly interested in pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7(8H)-ones (2) due to the similitude with nitrogen bases present in DNA and RNA. Currently there are more than 20,000 structures 2 described which correspond to around 2900 references (half of them being patents). Furthermore, the number of references containing compounds of general structure 2 have increased almost exponentially in the last 10 years. The present review covers the synthetic methods used for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7(8H)-ones (2), both starting from a preformed pyrimidine ring or a pyridine ring, and the biomedical applications of such compounds.
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16
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Yang D, Huang C, Liao H, Zhang H, Wu S, Zhu Q, Zhou ZZ. Discovery of Dihydropyrrol-2-ones as Novel G0/G1-Phase Arresting Agents Inducing Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17556-17560. [PMID: 31656929 PMCID: PMC6812110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs) were designed and synthesized via an efficient multicomponent reaction at room temperature for evaluation of their bioactivities against four human cancer lines (MCF-7, RKO, HeLa, and A549) in vitro. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies showed that R4 = 3-MeO-4-OH-Ph is a crucial group for increasing cytotoxicities against RKO cells and the influences of R1-R3 depend on their combination. It was found that DHPs 5a, 5q, and 5s showed the best antiproliferative activities against A549, RKO, and all four studied cell lines, respectively (IC50 = 1.9, 0.8, and 0.9-2.4 μM). They can be used as new lead compounds for developing potentially selective or broad spectrum anticancer agents. 5q proves as a potent G0/G1-phase arresting agent inducing cell apoptosis by increasing/decreasing the levels of p53 and p21/cyclin D1.
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Pre-treatment with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib improves the efficacy of paclitaxel in TNBC cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13014. [PMID: 31506466 PMCID: PMC6736958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a challenging disease due to the lack of druggable targets; therefore, chemotherapy remains the standard of care and the identification of new targets is a high clinical priority. Alterations in the components of the cell cycle machinery have been frequently reported in cancer; given the success obtained with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbocicib in ER-positive BC, we explored the potential of combining this drug with chemotherapy in Rb-positive TNBC cell models. The simultaneous combination of palbociclib with paclitaxel exerted an antagonistic effect; by contrast, the sequential treatment inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell death more efficaciously than single treatments. By down-regulating the E2F target c-myc, palbociclib reduced HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression, and hence glucose uptake and consumption both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Importantly, these inhibitory effects on glucose metabolism were enhanced by palbociclib/paclitaxel sequential combination; the superior efficacy of such combination was ascribed to the ability of paclitaxel to inhibit palbociclib-mediated induction of AKT and to further down-regulate the Rb/E2F/c-myc signaling. Our results suggest that the efficacy of standard chemotherapy can be significantly improved by a pre-treatment with palbociclib, thus offering a better therapeutic option for Rb-proficient TNBC.
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Zhang C, Stockwell SR, Elbanna M, Ketteler R, Freeman J, Al-Lazikani B, Eccles S, De Haven Brandon A, Raynaud F, Hayes A, Clarke PA, Workman P, Mittnacht S. Signalling involving MET and FAK supports cell division independent of the activity of the cell cycle-regulating CDK4/6 kinases. Oncogene 2019; 38:5905-5920. [PMID: 31296956 PMCID: PMC6756076 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is highly prevalent in cancer; yet, inhibitors against these kinases are currently used only in restricted tumour contexts. The extent to which cancers depend on CDK4/6 and the mechanisms that may undermine such dependency are poorly understood. Here, we report that signalling engaging the MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) axis leads to CDK4/6-independent CDK2 activation, involving as critical mechanistic events loss of the CDKI p21CIP1 and gain of its regulator, the ubiquitin ligase subunit SKP2. Combined inhibition of MET/FAK and CDK4/6 eliminates the proliferation capacity of cancer cells in culture, and enhances tumour growth inhibition in vivo. Activation of the MET/FAK axis is known to arise through cancer extrinsic and intrinsic cues. Our work predicts that such cues support cell division independent of the activity of the cell cycle-regulating CDK4/6 kinases and identifies MET/FAK as a tractable route to broaden the utility of CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Simon R Stockwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Elbanna
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jamie Freeman
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alexis De Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Sibylle Mittnacht
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Palumbo R, Sottotetti F, Quaquarini E, Gambaro A, Ferzi A, Tagliaferri B, Teragni C, Licata L, Serra F, Lapidari P, Bernardo A. Patterns of treatment and outcome with 500-mg fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a real-life multicenter Italian experience. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919833864. [PMID: 31210797 PMCID: PMC6552357 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919833864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fulvestrant 500 mg (F500) is the most active endocrine single agent in hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Few data are available regarding the effectiveness of the drug in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to describe the patterns of treatment and performance of F500 in a large population of unselected women with MBC, focusing on potential prognostic or predictive factors for disease outcome and response. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical benefit rate. Results: From January 2011 to December 2015, 490 consecutive patients treated with F500 were enrolled. Overall, three different cohorts were identified and analyzed: the first received F500 after progression from previous chemotherapy (CT) or endocrine therapy; the second received the drug for de novo metastatic disease; and the third was treated as maintenance following disease stabilization or a response from a previous CT line. Median overall survival (OS) in the whole population was 26.8 months, ranging from 32.4 in first line to 22.0 and 13.7 months in second line and subsequent lines, respectively. Both the presence of liver metastasis and the treatment line were significantly associated with a worse PFS, while only the presence of liver metastasis maintained its predictive role for OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The effectiveness of F500 was detected in patients treated both upon disease progression and as maintenance. The relevant endocrine sensitivity of 80% of patients included in the study could probably explain the good results observed in terms of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Sottotetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-ICS Maugeri, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Quaquarini
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Gambaro
- Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Licata
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
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Bisphenol S promotes the cell cycle progression and cell proliferation through ERα-cyclin D-CDK4/6-pRb pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 366:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aryl-urea fatty acids that activate the p38 MAP kinase and down-regulate multiple cyclins decrease the viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bøttcher TM, Cold S, Jensen AB. Treatment of advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer with new targeted agents in combination with endocrine therapy: a review of efficacy and tolerability based on available randomized trials on everolimus, ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:147-153. [PMID: 30375908 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1532603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, new targeted agents have been developed, which can prolong the effect of endocrine treatment (ET) by targeting resistance pathways in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. This review examines available studies of everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, and the CDK 4/6 inhibitors ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib in terms of efficacy, tolerability and safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed. Evaluation of the quality of the identified studies was based on selected elements from the GRADE guidelines. RESULTS The literature search yielded eight randomized trials that all presented a significant increase in the progression free survival (PFS)/time to progression (TTP) for the targeted agents plus ET vs ET only. The improvement was evident as first-line therapy with an increase in PFS of 10-11 months when adding a CDK4/6 inhibitor to ET, as well as in patients previously treated for metastatic disease, with an increase of 5-6 months. The common adverse events (AEs) of the CDK 4/6 inhibitors were due to myelosuppression. In addition, abemaciclib was associated with liver toxicity and diarrhea, and ribociclib with liver toxicity and QTcF prolongation. The most common grade 3/4 AE of everolimus was stomatitis. The majority (five) of the trials had no serious limitations, and thus the quality of evidence was high. DISCUSSION The new targeted agents are all associated with an improvement of the PFS with an acceptable tolerability, and they should be offered to women with advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer both as first-line therapy as well as among patients previously treated in metastatic regimens. However, further data regarding the impact on overall survival are required to evaluate the full benefit for patients. Price and differences in AEs could become substantial arguments for the choice of therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea M. Bøttcher
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Cold
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders B. Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mahtani RL, Vogel CL. Addressing physician barriers to administering cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors in first-line treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:513-524. [PMID: 30655702 PMCID: PMC6324609 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s186658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor (AI) for first-line treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer (ABC) has demonstrated improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) over AI monotherapy without adding substantial toxicity. However, CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy is not uniformly used as first-line therapy for ABC, indicating that barriers to CDK4/6 inhibitor use exist. Such barriers may include the following perceptions: patients with bone-only metastases, with a long disease-free interval, or who are older may respond to AI monotherapy and may not benefit from a CDK4/6 inhibitor; tumor response rates may be lower and delayed with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy than chemotherapy; the increased incidence of adverse events with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy outweighs benefits; and the cost of CDK4/6 inhibitors may be prohibitive. Some of these barriers are addressed with data from follow-up analyses of CDK4/6 inhibitor trials, which have shown a PFS benefit of combination therapy in all subgroups assessed, including older patients, those with bone-only metastatic disease, and those with a long disease-free interval. Tumor response rates with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy are comparable to those with first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. Finally, adverse events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy are manageable and occur with decreasing severity during treatment, with similar reports of quality of life to those with AI monotherapy. These data support CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AI therapy as the standard of care in first-line treatment of ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma L Mahtani
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Deerfield Beach, FL, USA,
| | - Charles L Vogel
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Deerfield Beach, FL, USA,
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Li S, Yang W, Ji M, Cai J, Chen J. A new and efficient protocol for the synthesis of the key intermediate of Palbociclib. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819831858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient synthesis of 6-bromo-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one, a key intermediate of Palbociclib, starting from thiouracil was described. This protocol involved methylation, nucleophilic substitution, bromination, nucleophilic substitution, Heck reaction, ring closure, oxidation, and bromination to afford a key intermediate of Palbociclib with approximately 35% overall yield. The advantages of this developed synthetic strategy included improved overall yield, inexpensive starting materials, and readily controllable and cleaner reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wanfeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Yu L, Zhao L, Jia Z, Bi J, Wei Q, Song X, Jiang L, Lin S, Wei M. MFG-E8 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:490-498. [PMID: 30612778 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MFG-E8(Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8), a secreted glycoprotein, plays an exceptional role in various diseases. MFG-E8 overexpression is found in a variety of cancers. However, it remains unclear whether MFG-E8 overexpression is associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of human breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we detected the expression and localization of MFG-E8 protein in breast cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues using immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. We analyzed the association between MFG-E8 expression and clinical characteristics and outcomes of breast cancer patients with different HR and HER2 statuses. RESULTS Our results confirmed that MFG-E8 expression increased significantly in breast cancer compared with cancer-adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical staining (P < 0.001). Similarly, the Western blot results further confirmed the increased expression of MFG-E8 in breast cancer compared with cancer-adjacent tissues (P = 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining showed that MFG-E8 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells, consistent with the immunohistochemical staining results. The high expression levels of MFG-E8 showed a greater association with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and histological grade (P < 0.001). Moreover, high MFG-E8 expression was related to a shortened overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001). Bioinformatics analysis with a Kaplan-Meier plotter also demonstrated a strong association of MFG-E8 mRNA overexpression with a short OS and DFS compared with low MFG-E8 expression (P = 0.040, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that MFG-E8 may be a potential marker for poor prognosis and survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Nur Husna SM, Tan HTT, Mohamud R, Dyhl-Polk A, Wong KK. Inhibitors targeting CDK4/6, PARP and PI3K in breast cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918808509. [PMID: 30542378 PMCID: PMC6236629 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918808509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the global leading cause of cancer-related death in women and it
represents a major health burden worldwide. One of the promising breast cancer
therapeutic avenues is through small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) which have
undergone rapid progress with successful clinical trials. Recently, three
emerging and vital groups of proteins are targeted by SMIs for breast cancer
treatment, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), poly (adenosine
diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
Several of these inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of breast
cancer patients or progressed into late-stage clinical trials. Thus, modeling
from these successful clinical trials, as well as their limitations, is pivotal
for future development and trials of other inhibitors or therapeutic regimens
targeting breast cancer patients. In this review, we discuss eight recently
approved or novel SMIs against CDK4/6 (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib),
PARP (olaparib, veliparib and talazoparib), and PI3K (buparlisib and alpelisib).
The mechanisms of action, series of clinical trials and limitations are
described for each inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anne Dyhl-Polk
- Department of Oncology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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Thu KL, Soria-Bretones I, Mak TW, Cescon DW. Targeting the cell cycle in breast cancer: towards the next phase. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1871-1885. [PMID: 30078354 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1502567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer that enables limitless cell division. To support this malignant phenotype, cells acquire molecular alterations that abrogate or bypass control mechanisms in signaling pathways and cellular checkpoints that normally function to prevent genomic instability and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of the cell cycle has long been viewed as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Until recently, attempts to target the cell cycle for cancer therapy using selective inhibitors have proven unsuccessful due to intolerable toxicities and a lack of target specificity. However, improvements in our understanding of malignant cell-specific vulnerabilities has revealed a therapeutic window for preferential targeting of the cell cycle in cancer cells, and has led to the development of agents now in the clinic. In this review, we discuss the latest generation of cell cycle targeting anti-cancer agents for breast cancer, including approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, and investigational TTK and PLK4 inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials. In recognition of the emerging population of ER+ breast cancers with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors we suggest new therapeutic avenues to treat these patients. We also offer our perspective on the direction of future research to address the problem of drug resistance, and discuss the mechanistic insights required for the successful implementation of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Thu
- a Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - I Soria-Bretones
- a Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - T W Mak
- a Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada.,b Department of Medical Biophysics , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| | - D W Cescon
- a Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , Toronto , Canada.,c Department of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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29
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Delgado M, Chambers TC. Microtubules play an essential role in the survival of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells advancing through G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1784-1796. [PMID: 29995568 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are susceptible to the microtubule depolymerizing agent vincristine (VCR) in G1 phase. This finding prompted testing another G1 phase-active compound, palbociclib (PCB), a highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), alone and in combination with VCR. PCB used alone caused G1 arrest in ALL cells with no effect on cell viability, and similar results were obtained for the retinoblastoma (RB)-proficient T98G glioblastoma cell line. In contrast, HeLa cells failed to arrest in the presence of PCB, consistent with their lack of dependence on the CDK4/6-RB pathway. When ALL cells were pretreated with PCB, they became refractory to death in G1 phase induced by VCR treatment, whereas HeLa cells retained VCR sensitivity after PCB pretreatment. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that PCB did not disrupt the microtubule network nor prevent VCR from doing so. Furthermore, ALL cells pretreated with PCB retained susceptibility to the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263, indicating that downstream apoptotic signaling was unaffected. When released from PCB-enforced arrest, ALL cells reinitiated cycling and regained sensitivity to VCR. ALL cells treated with cycloheximide also arrested in G1 phase and became insensitive to VCR, independently reinforcing conclusions derived from PCB-imposed arrest. Thus, primary ALL cells advancing through G1 phase are strictly dependent on functional microtubules for survival whereas microtubules are dispensable for G1-arrested cells. These findings provide novel insight into interphase microtubule function and, from a therapy standpoint, strongly caution against combining microtubule targeting agents and CDK4/6 inhibitors for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Delgado
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Timothy C Chambers
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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30
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Barone G, Arora A, Ganesh A, Abdel-Fatah T, Moseley P, Ali R, Chan SY, Savva C, Schiavone K, Carmell N, Myers KN, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S, Collis SJ. The relationship of CDK18 expression in breast cancer to clinicopathological parameters and therapeutic response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29508-29524. [PMID: 30034634 PMCID: PMC6047673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are established anti-cancer drug targets and a new generation of CDK inhibitors are providing clinical benefits to a sub-set of breast cancer patients. We have recently shown that human CDK18 promotes efficient cellular responses to replication stress. In the current study, we have investigated the clinicopathological and functional significance of CDK18 expression levels in breast cancers. Results High CDK18 protein expression was associated with a triple negative and basal-like phenotype (p = 0.021 and 0.027 respectively) as well as improved patient survival, which was particularly significant in ER negative breast cancers (n = 594, Log Rank 6.724, p = 0.01) and those treated with chemotherapy (n = 270, Log Rank 4.575, p = 0.03). In agreement with these clinical findings, breast cancer cells genetically manipulated using a dCRISPR approach to express high levels of endogenous CDK18 exhibited an increased sensitivity to replication stress-inducing chemotherapeutic agents, as a consequence to defective replication stress signalling at the molecular level. Conclusions These data reveal that CDK18 protein levels may predict breast cancer disease progression and response to chemotherapy, and provide further rationale for potential targeting of CDK18 as part of novel anti-cancer strategies for human cancers. Materials and Methods CDK18 protein expression was evaluated in 1650 breast cancers and correlated to clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes. Similar analyses were carried out for genetic and transcriptomic changes in CDK18 within several publically available breast cancer cohorts. Additionally, we used a deactivated CRISPR/Cas9 approach (dCRISPR) to elucidate the molecular consequences of heightened endogenous CDK18 expression within breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Barone
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arvind Arora
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anil Ganesh
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Moseley
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reem Ali
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Yt Chan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Constantinos Savva
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristina Schiavone
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Natasha Carmell
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katie N Myers
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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31
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Shanks A, Choi J, Karur V. Dramatic response to cyclin D-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor in refractory poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2018; 31:352-354. [PMID: 29904310 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2018.1463041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare subset of breast carcinomas. Commonly, platinum-based doublet is used as a systemic treatment option for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas from lung, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary origins. In comparison to other breast cancers, neuroendocrine carcinomas have unique genomic features and different treatment strategies. We present a patient with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast who had a successful and durable response to the cyclin D-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in conjunction with endocrine therapy. This patient was refractory to commonly used platinum-based chemotherapy as well as hormone-based treatment. To date, this is the first published case of use of CDK 4/6 inhibitor in primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Choi
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, Texas
| | - Vinit Karur
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, Texas
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32
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Parylo S, Vennepureddy A, Dhar V, Patibandla P, Sokoloff A. Role of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in the current and future eras of cancer treatment. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:110-129. [PMID: 29726787 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218770904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, which act by inhibiting progression from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle, include palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, and trilaciclib. Palbociclib and ribociclib are currently food and drug administration-approved for use in combination with aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Palbociclib is also food and drug administration-approved for use in combination with fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy. Abemaciclib is the newest cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, specifically as monotherapy for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Abemaciclib also shares a similar indication with palbociclib for use in combination with fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer progressing after endocrine therapy. Trilaciclib use remains largely investigational at this time. However, despite FDA-approval for only metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer, all four cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors have shown promise in hematologic malignancies and non-breast solid tumors. Although further research is needed, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors represent intriguing developments in the treatment of various malignancies, including those with such poor prognoses as glioblastoma multiforme, mantle cell lymphoma, and metastatic melanoma. We discuss the approved indications, current research, and areas of future exploration for palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, and trilaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parylo
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - A Vennepureddy
- 2 Division of Hematology and Oncology, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - V Dhar
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - P Patibandla
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
| | - A Sokoloff
- 2 Division of Hematology and Oncology, 7601 Staten Island University Hospital , New York, USA
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33
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Cretella D, Ravelli A, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Digiacomo G, Cavazzoni A, Alfieri R, Biondi A, Generali D, Bonelli M, Petronini PG. The anti-tumor efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibition is enhanced by the combination with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors through impairment of glucose metabolism in TNBC cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:72. [PMID: 29587820 PMCID: PMC5872523 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cretella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ravelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biondi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mara Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Edessa D, Sisay M. Recent advances of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential therapeutic targets in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: a focus on ribociclib. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2017; 9:567-579. [PMID: 29263697 PMCID: PMC5726365 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s150540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In normal cell cycle progression, transition of G0/G1 phase to synthesis (S) phase for breast and other cells is regulated by association of cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) that leads to phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Imbalance of this cyclin D-CDK4/6-inhibitors of CDK4/6-Rb phosphorylation pathway is associated with tumorigenesis of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers. Despite effective first-line endocrine therapy, HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers remain still incurable. Currently, advances in understanding of cell cycle checkpoints are evolving as promising strategy to target in treatment of various types of cancers including breast cancer. Therapies that target this cell cycle machinery in HR+/HER2- breast cancers are getting approval by the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) including ribociclib (LEE011). Ribociclib got the first FDA approval in March 13, 2017, as an initial therapy for HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor. This review, therefore, addresses the role of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced or metastatic breast cancer with a specific focus on ribociclib. Some findings of clinical trials involving ribociclib found pivotal benefits of ribociclib in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in terms of prolonging progression-free survival and objective response rates. Daily dosage range of the drug for such benefits is 50-900 mg with common daily doses of 400 or 600 mg and 600 mg in early and advanced breast cancer therapies, respectively. Along with its therapeutic benefits, however, more incident but manageable dose-limiting grade 3 or 4 toxicities, primarily hematologic adverse events, are common in patients treated with ribociclib. Generally, there are several active clinical trials undergoing to investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity profile of the drug in various cancerous conditions other than breast cancer and will likely benefit patients with other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Oromia, Ethiopia
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