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Fuji S. CD7 CAR T-Cell Therapy and Allogeneic HSCT. N Engl J Med 2024; 391:92. [PMID: 38959485 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2406366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Fuji
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Rosu A, Ghaemi B, Bulte JW, Shakeri-Zadeh A. Tumor-tropic Trojan horses: Using mesenchymal stem cells as cellular nanotheranostics. Theranostics 2024; 14:571-591. [PMID: 38169524 PMCID: PMC10758060 DOI: 10.7150/thno.90187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Various classes of nanotheranostics have been developed for enhanced tumor imaging and therapy. However, key limitations for a successful use of nanotheranostics include their targeting specificity with limited off-site tissue accumulation as well as their distribution and prolonged retention throughout the entire tumor. Due to their inherent tumor-tropic properties, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a "Trojan horse" has recently been proposed to deliver nanotheranostics more effectively. This review discusses the current status of "cellular nanotheranostics" for combined (multimodal) imaging and therapy in preclinical cancer models. Emphasis is placed on the limited knowledge of the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of MSC tumor-tropism, and how such information may be exploited to engineer MSCs in order to further improve tumor homing and nanotheranostic delivery using image-guided procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Zou Z, Yang Y, Wang X, Xin X, Tu S, Li Y. Combination strategies to optimize the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in haematological malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954235. [PMID: 36091028 PMCID: PMC9460961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of haematological malignancies. However, resistance and relapse remain prominent limitations, and they are related to the limited persistence and efficacy of CAR T cells, downregulation or loss of tumour antigens, intrinsic resistance of tumours to death signalling, and immune suppressive microenvironment. Rational combined modality treatments are regarded as a promising strategy to further unlock the antitumor potential of CAR T cell therapy, which can be applied before CAR T cell infusion as a conditioning regimen or in ex vivo culture settings as well as concomitant with or after CAR T cell infusion. In this review, we summarize the combinatorial strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, targeted therapies and other immunotherapies, in an effort to further enhance the effectiveness of this impressive therapy and benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xiao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbang Zou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanfang Tu
- Department of Haematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sanfang Tu, ; Yuhua Li,
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Haematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Sanfang Tu, ; Yuhua Li,
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Endowing universal CAR T-cell with immune-evasive properties using TALEN-gene editing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3453. [PMID: 35773273 PMCID: PMC9247096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal CAR T-cell therapies are poised to revolutionize cancer treatment and to improve patient outcomes. However, realizing these advantages in an allogeneic setting requires universal CAR T-cells that can kill target tumor cells, avoid depletion by the host immune system, and proliferate without attacking host tissues. Here, we describe the development of a novel immune-evasive universal CAR T-cells scaffold using precise TALEN-mediated gene editing and DNA matrices vectorized by recombinant adeno-associated virus 6. We simultaneously disrupt and repurpose the endogenous TRAC and B2M loci to generate TCRαβ- and HLA-ABC-deficient T-cells expressing the CAR construct and the NK-inhibitor named HLA-E. This highly efficient gene editing process enables the engineered T-cells to evade NK cell and alloresponsive T-cell attacks and extend their persistence and antitumor activity in the presence of cytotoxic levels of NK cell in vivo and in vitro, respectively. This scaffold could enable the broad use of universal CAR T-cells in allogeneic settings and holds great promise for clinical applications.
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Kramer A, Yang L. Engineering stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1059-1073. [PMID: 34479851 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Engineering stem cells presents an attractive paradigm for cancer immunotherapy. Stem cells engineered to stably express various chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T-cell receptors (TCRs) against tumor-associated antigens are showing increasing promise in the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Stem cells engraft for long-term immune cell generation and serve as a sustained source of tumor-specific effector cells to maintain remissions. Furthermore, engineering stem cells provides 'off-the-shelf' cellular products, obviating the need for a personalized and patient-specific product that plagues current autologous cell therapies. Herein, we summarize recent progress of stem cell-engineered cancer therapies, and discuss the utility, impact, opportunities, and challenges of cellular engineering that may facilitate the translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Wei J, Guo Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Bo J, Zhang B, Zhu J, Han W. Clinical development of CAR T cell therapy in China: 2020 update. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:792-804. [PMID: 32999455 PMCID: PMC8115146 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved significant success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. In recent years, fast-growing CAR T clinical trials have actively explored their potential application scenarios. According to the data from the clinicaltrials.gov website, China became the country with the most registered CAR T trials in September 2017. As of June 30, 2020, the number of registered CAR T trials in China has reached 357. In addition, as many as 150 other CAR T trials have been registered on ChiCTR. Although CAR T therapy is flourishing in China, there are still some problems that cannot be ignored. In this review, we aim to systematically summarize the clinical practice of CAR T-cell therapy in China. This review will provide an informative reference for colleagues in the field, and a better understanding of the history and current situation will help us more reasonably conduct research and promote cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Wei
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yelei Guo
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian Bo
- Department of Hematology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Zhang M, Huang H. How to Combine the Two Landmark Treatment Methods-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Together to Cure High-Risk B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? Front Immunol 2020; 11:611710. [PMID: 33384696 PMCID: PMC7770154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has made tremendous progress in the last few decades and is increasingly being used worldwide. The success of haploidentical HSCT has made it possible to have "a donor for everyone". Patients who received transplantation in remission may have a favorable outcome, while those who were transplanted in advanced stages of disease have a poor prognosis. Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is currently a milestone in the immunotherapy of relapsed or refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and has demonstrated high remission rates in patients previously treated in multiple lines, the relatively high relapse rate remains a barrier to CAR-T cell therapy becoming an excellent cure option. Therefore, combining these two approaches (allo-HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy) is an attractive area of research to further improve the prognosis of R/R B-ALL. In this review, we will discuss the current clinical practices of combining allo-HSCT with CAR-T cell therapy based on available data, including CAR-T cells as a bridge to allo-HSCT for R/R B-ALL and CAR-T cell infusion for post-transplant relapse. We will further explore not only other possible ways to combine the two approaches, including CAR-T cell therapy to clear minimal residual disease peri-transplantation and incorporation of CAR technology to treat graft-versus-host disease, but also the potential of CAR-T cells as a part of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Cellular Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Cellular Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
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