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Villarejo-Campos P, García-Arranz M, Qian S, Jiménez de Los Galanes S, Domínguez-Prieto V, Vélez-Pinto JF, Guijo Castellano I, Jiménez-Fuertes M, Guadalajara H, García-Olmo D. Under the Hood: Understanding the Features of Mucin in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4007. [PMID: 37373701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare malignant growth characterized by the production of mucin and the potential for peritoneal relapse. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical and biological characteristics of mucin in patients with cellular and acellular PMP. We prospectively analyzed mucin specimens obtained from our patient cohort and described the composition and type of mucin present in each sample. A metagenomic analysis of the samples was performed to investigate the bacterial composition of the PMP microbiome. Secreted mucins 2 and 5AC and membrane-associated mucin-1 were the primary components of mucin in both cellular and acellular tumor specimens. The metagenomic study revealed a predominance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Pseudomonas. Notably, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, a species not previously reported in the human microbiome, was found to be the most abundant organism in the mucin of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Our findings suggest that the presence of MUC-2 and mucin colonization by Pseudomonas are characteristic features of both cellular and acellular disease. These results may have significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villarejo-Campos
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Siyuan Qian
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Domínguez-Prieto
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Felipe Vélez-Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Guijo Castellano
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montiel Jiménez-Fuertes
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Olmedillas-López S, Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Current and Emerging Applications of Droplet Digital PCR in Oncology: An Updated Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 26:61-87. [PMID: 34773243 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine and targeted therapies for the management of patients with cancer, ultrasensitive detection methods for tumor genotyping, such as next-generation sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), play a significant role. In the search for less invasive strategies for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring, the number of publications regarding liquid biopsy approaches using ddPCR has increased substantially in recent years. There is a long list of malignancies in which ddPCR provides a reliable and accurate tool for detection of nucleic acid-based markers derived from cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles or exosomes when isolated from whole blood, plasma and serum, helping to anticipate tumor relapse or unveil intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in response to treatment. This updated review describes recent developments in ddPCR platforms and provides a general overview about the major applications of liquid biopsy in blood, including its utility for molecular response and minimal residual disease monitoring in hematological malignancies or the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal or lung cancer, particularly for the selection and monitoring of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although plasma is the main source of genetic material for tumor genomic profiling, liquid biopsy by ddPCR is being investigated in a wide variety of biologic fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, ocular fluids, sputum, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural effusion, mucin, peritoneal fluid, fine needle aspirate, bile or pancreatic juice. The present review focuses on these "alternative" sources of genetic material and their analysis by ddPCR in different kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Belli R, Ferraro E, Molfino A, Carletti R, Tambaro F, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Liquid Biopsy for Cancer Cachexia: Focus on Muscle-Derived microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169007. [PMID: 34445710 PMCID: PMC8396502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia displays a complex nature in which systemic inflammation, impaired energy metabolism, loss of muscle and adipose tissues result in unintentional body weight loss. Cachectic patients have a poor prognosis and the presence of cachexia reduces the tolerability of chemo/radio-therapy treatments and it is frequently the primary cause of death in advanced cancer patients. Early detection of this condition could make treatments more effective. However, early diagnostic biomarkers of cachexia are currently lacking. In recent years, although solid biopsy still remains the "gold standard" for diagnosis of cancer, liquid biopsy is gaining increasing interest as a source of easily accessible potential biomarkers. Moreover, the growing interest in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), has made these molecules attractive for the diagnosis of several diseases, including cancer. Some muscle-derived circulating miRNA might play a pivotal role in the onset/progression of cancer cachexia. This topic is of great interest since circulating miRNAs might be easily detectable by means of liquid biopsies and might allow an early diagnosis of this syndrome. We here summarize the current knowledge on circulating muscular miRNAs involved in muscle atrophy, since they might represent easily accessible and promising biomarkers of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Belli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Tambaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.M.); Tel./Fax: +390-649-972-020 (M.M.)
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López-Rojo I, Olmedillas-López S, Villarejo Campos P, Domínguez Prieto V, Barambio Buendía J, Cortés Guiral D, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Liquid biopsy in peritoneal fluid and plasma as a prognostic factor in advanced colorectal and appendiceal tumors after complete cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920981351. [PMID: 33425029 PMCID: PMC7758863 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920981351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive cytology has been identified as an independent negative prognostic factor in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) of colorectal origin. Liquid biopsy in plasma may detect increasing levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and could help predict systemic relapse in patients with colorectal cancer, but little is known about the role of liquid biopsy in peritoneal fluid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of peritoneal fluid and plasma liquid biopsy in patients undergoing complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CC-HIPEC). Methods A longitudinal prospective study was designed in patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal or appendiceal primary tumor, including PM of colorectal origin, pseudomyxoma peritonei and patients at high risk of developing PM (selected for second-look surgery). Eleven patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. ctDNA from plasma and peritoneal fluid before and after HIPEC was studied by droplet digital PCR looking for KRAS mutation. A close follow-up was scheduled (mean of 28.5 months) to monitor for systemic and peritoneal recurrences. Results All patients with positive plasma postHIPEC had systemic relapse and four patients died as a result, while those with negative plasma postHIPEC did not relapse. Patients with negative peritoneal ctDNA after CC-HIPEC did not present peritoneal relapse. Of six patients with positive peritoneal ctDNA postHIPEC, two presented peritoneal recurrence and four systemic relapses. Conclusions Treatment with CC-HIPEC does not always neutralize ctDNA in peritoneal fluid, and its persistence after treatment may predict adverse outcome. Despite being a proof of concept, an adequate correlation between liquid biopsy in plasma and peritoneal fluid with both systemic and peritoneal relapse has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-Rojo
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Delia Cortés Guiral
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Chief of the Department of Surgery, New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
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