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Najafi A, Keykhaee M, Kazemi MH, Karimi MY, Khorramdelazad H, Aghamohamadi N, Bolouri MR, Ghaffari-Nazari H, Mirsharif ES, Karimi M, Dehghan Manshadi HR, Mahdavi SR, Safari E, Jalali SA, Falak R, Khoobi M. Catalase-gold nanoaggregates manipulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the effect of low-dose radiation therapy by reducing hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115557. [PMID: 37757491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy as a standard method for cancer treatment faces tumor recurrence and antitumoral unresponsiveness. Suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and hypoxia are significant challenges affecting efficacy of radiotherapy. Herein, a versatile method is introduced for the preparation of pH-sensitive catalase-gold cross-linked nanoaggregate (Au@CAT) having acceptable stability and selective activity in tumor microenvironment. Combining Au@CAT with low-dose radiotherapy enhanced radiotherapy effects via polarizing protumoral immune cells to the antitumoral landscape. This therapeutic approach also attenuated hypoxia, confirmed by downregulating hypoxia hallmarks, such as hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits (HIF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and EGF. Catalase stability against protease digestion was improved significantly in Au@CAT compared to the free catalase. Moreover, minimal toxicity of Au@CAT on normal cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) were confirmed in vitro compared with radiotherapy. Using the nanoaggregates combined with radiotherapy led to a significant reduction of immunosuppressive infiltrating cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (T-regs) compared to the other groups. While, this combined therapy could significantly increase the frequency of CD8+ cells as well as M1 to M2 macrophages (MQs) ratio. The combination therapy also reduced the tumor size and increased survival rate in mice models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our results indicate that this innovative nanocomposite could be an excellent system for catalase delivery, manipulating the TME and providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keykhaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Bolouri
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghaffari-Nazari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Milad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center& Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Safari
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu T, Yu S, Hu T, Ji W, Cheng X, Lv L, Shi Z. Comprehensive analyses of genome-wide methylation and RNA epigenetics identify prognostic biomarkers, regulating the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154621. [PMID: 37336075 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify a signature of immune-regulated molecules and reveal its prognostic role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We downloaded RNA-Sequencing data and DNA methylation data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to analyze differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). we used "factoextra" R package to do the principal component analysis (PCA) of DEmRNAs. "Limma" R package was used to identify DEmRNAs, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Three R packages "org.Hs.eg.db", "clusterProfiler", "ggplot2″ were used to show enrichment results. Considering about methylation and mutation data, TEK and SOX17 mediated cancer signaling pathways. Through tumor-immune system interactions database (TISIDB) and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), higher methylated and lower expressed TEK may act as a prognostic marker, regulating the tumor immunity in LUAD. Through four databases (MEXPRESS, DNMIVD, MethSurv, Firehose), we further verified the methylation (P = 2.33e-23) and mutation about TEK. A signature of immune-associated TEK to predict survival of LUAD patients was validated. Prognostic, methylation, immune microenvironment analysis showed new light on potential novel therapeutic targets in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Tinghua Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China..
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3
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Gao L, Zhang A. Low-dose radiotherapy effects the progression of anti-tumor response. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101710. [PMID: 37320873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT or LDR) as a treatment modality for malignant tumors dates back to the 1920s. Even with the minimal total dose administered during treatment, LDRT can result in long-lasting remission. Autocrine and paracrine signaling are widely recognized for fostering the growth and development of tumor cells. LDRT exerts systemic anti-tumor effects through various mechanisms, such as enhancing the activity of immune cells and cytokines, shifting the immune response towards an anti-tumor phenotype, influencing gene expression, and blocking crucial immunosuppressive pathways. Additionally, LDRT has been demonstrated to enhance the infiltration of activated T cells and initiate a series of inflammatory processes while modulating the tumor microenvironment. In this context, the objective of receiving radiation is not to directly kill tumor cells but to reprogram the immune system. Enhancing anti-tumor immunity may be a critical mechanism by which LDRT plays a role in cancer suppression. Therefore, this review primarily focuses on the clinical and preclinical efficacy of LDRT in combination with other anti-cancer strategies, such as the interaction between LDRT and the tumor microenvironment, and the remodeling of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Medical Imaging Department, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Oncology Department, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Renqiu, China.
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Chi A, Nguyen NP. Mechanistic rationales for combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125905. [PMID: 37377970 PMCID: PMC10291094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy consisted mainly of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to significantly improved antitumor response. However, such response has been observed only in tumors possessing an overall responsive tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), in which the presence of functional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is critical. Various mechanisms of immune escape from immunosurveillance exist, leading to different TIME phenotypes in correlation with primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. Radiotherapy has been shown to induce antitumor immunity not only in the irradiated primary tumor, but also at unirradiated distant sites of metastases. Such antitumor immunity is mainly elicited by radiation's stimulatory effects on antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Furthermore, it may be significantly augmented when irradiation is combined with immunotherapy, such as ICIs. Therefore, radiotherapy represents one potential therapeutic strategy to restore anti-tumor immunity in tumors presenting with an unresponsive TIME. In this review, the generation of anti-tumor immunity, its impairment, radiation's immunogenic properties, and the antitumor effects of combining radiation with immunotherapy will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nam Phong Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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Al-Hetty HRAK, Abdulameer SJ, Alkubaisy SA, Zaid SA, Jalil AT, Jasim IK. STAT3 signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a candidate therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154425. [PMID: 37019018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis which is lethal in over 90% of cases despite the standard therapies. Mainly activated by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor, capable of exerting the expression of multitude of genes involved in survival. Moreover, STAT3 activity is regulated by the interleukin 28 receptor α (IL28RA) and glutathione s-transferase mu-3 (GSTM3), up-regulation of both contributes to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. In this regard, STAT3 overactivity has an important pathogenic role in the development of PDAC as it is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. STAT3-associated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 9 are implicated in the angiogenic and metastatic behavior of the PDAC. Multitude of evidence underline the protective role of STAT3 inhibition against PDAC both in cell cultures and in tumor grafts. However, specific inhibition of STAT3 was not feasible until recently, when a selective potent chemical STAT3 inhibitor, termed N4, were developed and it turned out to be highly effective against PDAC in vitro, as well as in vivo. This review aims to discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of STAT3 role in the pathogenesis of PDAC and its therapeutic applications.
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Duan L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Pi G, Ying X, Zeng F, Hu D, Ma J. FOXK1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and radiation sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:749-761. [PMID: 37043129 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck tumor in China. Forkhead box (FOX) proteins have 19 subfamilies, which can maintain cell metabolism, regulate cell cycle and cell growth, etc. FOXK1 is a member of the FOX family, and studies have found that FOXK1 is closely related to tumors. OBJECTIVE This experiment aims to study the effects of FOXK1 interference on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and radiosensitivity, by regulating the Janus kinas/signal translator and activator of the transfer 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway. METHODS The expression of FOXK1 was detected via immunohistochemistry using clinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues. The relationship between FOXK1 expression and tumor stage was subsequently evaluated. The colony formation rate was calculated through the colony formation experiment. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected using flow cytometry, while cell invasion was detected using the Transwell method. The number of cells in the nucleus of each group after 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h of radiotherapy with the 2 Gy dose was counted using immunofluorescence under γ-H2AX focal points of a laser confocal microscope. RESULTS FOXK1 is clearly expressed in the patients' cancer tissues. The expression of FOXK1 was significantly correlated with the patient's sex. FOXK1 interference or Peficitinib can upregulate the apoptosis rate of 5-8 F and CNE-2 cells; increase the G2 phase of cells; and inhibit the invasion, migration, and EMT of cells. At the same time, FOXK1 interference can downregulate the protein expression of p-JAK1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in cells. Interference from FOXK1 or Peficitinib alone can reduce the rate of cell colony formation under different radiation doses, and enhance the green fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX in the nucleus after 4 and 24 h of the 2 Gy dose of radiotherapy. These results are optimal when FOXK1 interference and Peficitinib are used together. CONCLUSION FOXK1 interference in NPC cells can regulate EMT through the JAK/STAT3 signal pathway, enhance the radiosensitivity of cells, and thus inhibit tumor cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Pi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanyu Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Laurent PA, Morel D, Meziani L, Depil S, Deutsch E. Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158013. [PMID: 36567802 PMCID: PMC9788698 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated significant improvements in the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies that previously showed limited survival. In contrast, early-phase clinical studies targeting solid tumors have been disappointing. This may be due to both a lack of specific and homogeneously expressed targets at the surface of tumor cells, as well as intrinsic properties of the solid tumor microenvironment that limit homing and activation of adoptive T cells. Faced with these antagonistic conditions, radiotherapy (RT) has the potential to change the overall tumor landscape, from depleting tumor cells to reshaping the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe the current landscape and discuss how RT may play a pivotal role for enhancing the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in solid tumors. Indeed, by improving homing, expansion and activation of infused T cells while reducing tumor volume and heterogeneity, the use of RT could help the implementation of engineered T cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Laurent
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France,CONTACT Pierre-Antoine Laurent Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UNICANCER, Villejuif94805, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay; SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Daphne Morel
- Drug Development Department (D.I.T.E.P), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
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Xie W, Lorenz M, Poosch F, Palme R, Zechner D, Vollmar B, Grambow E, Strüder D. 3D-printed lightweight dorsal skin fold chambers from PEEK reduce chamber-related animal distress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11599. [PMID: 35803979 PMCID: PMC9270450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal skinfold chamber is one of the most important in vivo models for repetitive longitudinal assessment of microcirculation and inflammation. This study aimed to refine this model by introducing a new lightweight chamber made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Body weight, burrowing activity, distress, faecal corticosterone metabolites and the tilting angle of the chambers were analysed in mice carrying either a standard titanium chamber or a PEEK chamber. Data was obtained before chamber preparation and over a postoperative period of three weeks. In the early postoperative phase, reduced body weight and increased faecal corticosterone metabolites were found in mice with titanium chambers. Chamber tilting and tilting-related complications were reduced in mice with PEEK chambers. The distress score was significantly increased in both groups after chamber preparation, but only returned to preoperative values in mice with PEEK chambers. In summary, we have shown that light chambers reduce animal distress and may extend the maximum dorsal skinfold chamber observation time. Chambers made of PEEK are particularly suitable for this purpose: They are autoclavable, sufficiently stable to withstand rodent bites, inexpensive, and widely available through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xie
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology, Business and Design, University of Applied Sciences, 23966, Wismar, Germany
| | - Friederike Poosch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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Effects of photon radiation on DNA damage, cell proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis of murine and human mesothelioma cell lines. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:101013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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10
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Wang RR, Yuan TY, Chen D, Chen YC, Sun SC, Wang SB, Kong LL, Fang LH, Du GH. Dan-Shen-Yin Granules Prevent Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension via STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF and FAK/AKT Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844400. [PMID: 35479305 PMCID: PMC9035666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of complex diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. However, it is hard to identify their modes of action on account of their multiple components. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Dan-Shen-Yin (DSY) granules on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH), and then to decipher the molecular mechanisms of DSY. Systematic pharmacology was employed to identify the targets of DSY on HPH. Furthermore, core genes were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analysis. Related genes and pathways were verified using a hypoxia-induced mouse model and hypoxia-treated pulmonary artery cells. Based on network pharmacology, 147 potential targets of DSY on HPH were found, constructing a PPI network, and 13 hub genes were predicted. The results showed that the effect of DSY may be closely associated with AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and HIF-1 signaling pathways, as well as biological processes such as cell proliferation. Consistent with network pharmacology analysis, experiments in vivo demonstrated that DSY could prevent the development of HPH in a hypoxia-induced mouse model and alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling. In addition, inhibition of STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF and FAK/AKT signaling pathways might serve as mechanisms. Taken together, the network pharmacology analysis suggested that DSY exhibited therapeutic effects through multiple targets in the treatment of HPH. The inferences were initially confirmed by subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies. This study provides a novel perspective for studying the relevance of TCM and disease processes and illustrates the advantage of this approach and the multitargeted anti-HPH effect of DSY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Chan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Lei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Wang H, Man Q, Huo F, Gao X, Lin H, Li S, Wang J, Su F, Cai, L, Shi Y, Liu, B, Bu L. STAT3 pathway in cancers: Past, present, and future. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e124. [PMID: 35356799 PMCID: PMC8942302 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family, discovered in the cytoplasm of almost all types of mammalian cells, plays a significant role in biological functions. The duration of STAT3 activation in normal tissues is a transient event and is strictly regulated. However, in cancer tissues, STAT3 is activated in an aberrant manner and is induced by certain cytokines. The continuous activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of downstream proteins associated with the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancers. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of STAT3 regulation and designing inhibitors targeting the STAT3 pathway are considered promising strategies for cancer treatment. This review aims to introduce the history, research advances, and prospects concerning the STAT3 pathway in cancer. We review the mechanisms of STAT3 pathway regulation and the consequent cancer hallmarks associated with tumor biology that are induced by the STAT3 pathway. Moreover, we summarize the emerging development of inhibitors that target the STAT3 pathway and novel drug delivery systems for delivering these inhibitors. The barriers against targeting the STAT3 pathway, the focus of future research on promising targets in the STAT3 pathway, and our perspective on the overall utility of STAT3 pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Qi‐Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Fang‐Yi Huo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hao Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Su‐Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Fu‐Chuan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lulu Cai,
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Bing Liu,
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lin‐Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
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Li DY, Xia Q, Yu TT, Zhu JT, Zhu D. Transmissive-detected laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue: from Monte Carlo simulation to experimental demonstration. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:241. [PMID: 34862369 PMCID: PMC8642418 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow distribution and has been widely used in studies of microcirculation, both for animal and clinical applications. Conventionally, LSCI usually works on reflective-detected mode. However, it could provide promising temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo applications only with the assistance of various tissue windows, otherwise, the overlarge superficial static speckle would extremely limit its contrast and resolution. Here, we systematically investigated the capability of transmissive-detected LSCI (TR-LSCI) for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we theoretically compared the performance of transmissive and reflective detection. It was found that the reflective-detected mode was better when the target layer was at the very surface, but the imaging quality would rapidly decrease with imaging depth, while the transmissive-detected mode could obtain a much stronger signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for thick tissue. We further proved by tissue phantom, animal, and human experiments that in a certain thickness of tissue, TR-LSCI showed remarkably better performance for thick-tissue imaging, and the imaging quality would be further improved if the use of longer wavelengths of near-infrared light. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that TR-LSCI is capable of obtaining thick-tissue blood flow information and holds great potential in the field of microcirculation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Tan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Radioimmunotherapy: future prospects from the perspective of brachytherapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2021; 13:458-467. [PMID: 34484362 PMCID: PMC8407252 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2021.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In combination with radiotherapy, immunotherapy is becoming an increasingly used strategy in treating advanced, recurrent, or metastatic cancer. The evident impact of radiotherapy on local and systemic immune response is an indication of the synergistic effect of these two modalities. There is a strong rationale to combine radiotherapy and immunotherapy to enhance response rates and overcome resistances. Therefore, the combination of radio- and immunotherapy holds a variety of opportunities as well as challenges in treating primary cancer and is progressively tested in curative settings. Brachytherapy is also known as internal radiation therapy and only offers a local therapy option at first glance: due to tumor-specific antigens, released by a high local radiation dose, a systemic immune response could be plausible and eminent. Accordingly, brachytherapy could be an underestimated partner with immuno-therapeutic approaches in both curative and palliative settings, to generate local and systemic response. In this review, we summarized the potential benefit of a potential combination of brachytherapy and immuno-therapeutic approaches vs. the background of limited data.
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The Proper Administration Sequence of Radiotherapy and Anti-Vascular Agent-DMXAA Is Essential to Inhibit the Growth of Melanoma Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163924. [PMID: 34439079 PMCID: PMC8394873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), such as DMXAA, effectively destroy tumor blood vessels and cause the formation of large areas of necrosis in the central parts of the tumors. However, the use of VDAs is associated with hypoxia activation and residues of rim cells on the edge of the tumor that are responsible for tumor regrowth. The aim of the study was to combine DMXAA with radiotherapy (brachytherapy) and find the appropriate administration sequence to obtain the maximum synergistic therapeutic effect. We show that the combination in which tumors were irradiated prior to VDAs administration is more effective in murine melanoma growth inhibition than in either of the agents individually or in reverse combination. For the first time, the significance of immune cells' activation in such a combination is demonstrated. The inhibition of tumor growth is linked to the reduction of tumor blood vessels, the increased infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells and the polarization of macrophages to the cytotoxic M1 phenotype. The reverse combination of therapeutic agents showed no therapeutic effect and even abolished the effect of DMXAA. The combination of brachytherapy and vascular disrupting agent effectively inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors but requires careful planning of the sequence of administration of the agents.
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