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Poole RA, Wang Q, Ray A, Takabe K, Opyrchal M, Katsuta E. Increased PIEZO1 Expression Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in Hormone-Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38398074 PMCID: PMC10887014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 plays a crucial role in the human body as a mechanosensory ion channel. It has been demonstrated that PIEZO1 is important in tissue development and regulating many essential physiological processes. Studies have suggested that the PIEZO1 ion channel plays a role in invasion and progression in cancer; elevated levels of PIEZO1 have been correlated with increased migration in breast cancer cells, chemo-resistance and invasion in gastric cancer cells, and increased invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, high PIEZO1 expression levels were correlated with a worse prognosis in glioma patients. On the other hand, studies in lung cancer have attributed high PIEZO1 levels to better patient outcomes. However, the clinical impact of PIEZO1 in breast cancer is not well characterized. Therefore, our goal was to determine the clinical relevance of PIEZO1 in breast cancer. An analysis of breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was conducted to investigate PIEZO1 expression levels and correlation to survival, followed by validation in an independent dataset, GSE3494. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and pathway enrichment analysis. We also analyzed the immune cell composition in breast tumors from TCGA through a CIBERSORT algorithm. Our results demonstrated that the PIEZO1 expression levels are higher in hormone-receptor (HR)-negative than in HR-positive cohorts. High PIEZO1 expression is correlated with a significant decrease in survival in HR-negative cohorts, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting that PIEZO1 could be utilized as a prognostic biomarker in HR-negative breast cancer. GSEA showed that various signaling pathways associated with more invasive phenotypes and resistance to treatments, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia, and multiple signaling pathways, are enriched in high-PIEZO1 HR-negative tumors. Our results also demonstrated a decrease in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration in high-PIEZO1 HR-negative tumors. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic roles of PIEZO1 in HR-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylee Ann Poole
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.A.P.)
| | - Qingfei Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.A.P.)
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alo Ray
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.A.P.)
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.A.P.)
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Dong B, Obermajer N, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Bonura C, Withers H, Long M, Chavel C, Olejniczak SH, Minderman H, Edwards RP, Storkus WJ, Romero P, Kalinski P. NK Receptors Replace CD28 As the Dominant Source of Signal 2 for Cognate Recognition of Cancer Cells by TAA-specific Effector CD8 + T Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3399211. [PMID: 37886562 PMCID: PMC10602189 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3399211/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
CD28-driven "signal 2" is critical for naïve CD8+ T cell responses to dendritic cell (DC)-presented weak antigens, including non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). However, it is unclear how DC-primed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) respond to the same TAAs presented by cancer cells which lack CD28 ligands. Here, we show that NK receptors (NKRs) DNAM-1 and NKG2D replace CD28 during CTL re-activation by cancer cells presenting low levels of MHC I/TAA complexes, leading to enhanced proximal TCR signaling, immune synapse formation, CTL polyfunctionality, release of cytolytic granules and antigen-specific cancer cell killing. Double-transduction of T cells with recombinant TCR and NKR constructs or upregulation of NKR-ligand expression on cancer cells by chemotherapy enabled effective recognition and killing of poorly immunogenic tumor cells by CTLs. Operational synergy between TCR and NKRs in CTL recognition explains the ability of cancer-expressed self-antigens to serve as tumor rejection antigens, helping to develop more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nataša Obermajer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cindy Bonura
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Henry Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Immune Analysis Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of OB-GYN, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Storkus
- Department of Dermatology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pedro Romero
- University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Dermatology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Luo W, Zeng Z, Jin Y, Yang L, Fan T, Wang Z, Pan Y, Yang Y, Yao M, Li Y, Xiao X, Wang G, Wang C, Chang S, Che G, Zhang L, Li Y, Peng Y, Li W. Distinct immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma in never-smokers from smokers. Cell Rep Med 2023:101078. [PMID: 37301197 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) presents clinicopathological and molecular features distinct from that in smokers. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays important roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. To decipher the difference in TME between never-smoker and smoker lung cancers, we conduct single-cell RNA sequencing on 165,753 cells from 22 treatment-naive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. We find that the dysfunction of alveolar cells induced by cigarette smoking contributes more to the aggressiveness of smoker LUADs, while the immunosuppressive microenvironment exerts more effects on never-smoker LUADs' aggressiveness. Moreover, the SPP1hi pro macrophage is identified to be another independent source of monocyte-derived macrophage. Importantly, higher expression of immune checkpoint CD47 and lower expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I in cancer cells of never-smoker LUADs imply that CD47 may be a better immunotherapy target for LCINS. Therefore, this study reveals the difference of tumorigenesis between never-smoker and smoker LUADs and provides a potential immunotherapy strategy for LCINS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Leeha M, Kanokwiroon K, Laohawiriyakamol S, Thongsuksai P. Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancer and its prognostic significance. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611162. [PMID: 37274773 PMCID: PMC10235452 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based protein markers representing molecular subtypes are of great value for routine use. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency distributions of the molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using IHC-based surrogate markers and examined their prognostic value. Methods: Patients with TNBC treated at a university hospital in Southern Thailand were included in this study. Expression levels of androgen receptor, CD8, Forkhead box transcription factor C1, and Doublecortin-like kinase 1 were detected in tumor tissue to classify them into luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS), mesenchymal-like (MES), and unclassifiable (UC) subtypes. The association between variables and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Among the 195 cases of TNBC, the frequency distribution of the IHC-based subtype was as follows: BLIS, 52.8%; LAR, 19.0%; IM, 17.4%; MES, 0.5%; and un-classifiable, 10.3%. BLIS subtype was significantly found in younger ages (mean: 49.6 years) than other subtypes (mean: 51-57.7 years). LAR and BLIS subtypes were significantly associated with poorer OS compared to the IM subtype in univariate analysis, however, only BLIS was significant in multivariate analysis (HR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.01-10.72). IHC-based subtype was not found to be associated with DFS. Conclusion: This study revealed the differences in the proportion frequency of IHC-based TNBC subtypes in Thai patients compared to other populations. IHC-based molecular subtyping may be beneficial for prognosis. However further refinement of the molecular classification of TNBC is needed for better clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Leeha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suphawat Laohawiriyakamol
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Paramee Thongsuksai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Han Y, Cai Q, Xie X, Gao S, Fan X. Development and validation of prognostic index based on immunogenic cell death-related genes with melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011046. [PMID: 36419893 PMCID: PMC9677727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the overall survival rate of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients, there is a wide variation and low response rate to these treatments in clinical immunotherapy for melanoma patients. These problems can be addressed through the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD).We constructed an ICD-based prognostic model to predict the prognosis of SKCM patients and the efficacy of immunotherapy. Information on melanoma and normal samples obtained by TCGA and GTEx was stratified by ICD-related genes. The samples were divided into two subtypes according to high and low expression of ICD using an unsupervised clustering method (K-means). Patients with ICD-high subtype showed longer overall survival. We found that the ICD-related differential genes were associated with several cell death and immune-related pathways through GO, KEGG and GSEA. Immunoscore and tumor purity of ICD-associated genes was calculated using ESTIMATE, and ICD-high subtypes had higher immunoscore and lower tumor purity than ICD-low subtypes. Seven ICD-associated genes were obtained by one-way Cox regression and Lasso regression of ICD genes. Risk models were constructed to classify melanoma patients into high- risk and low-risk groups. The expression of ICD-related pivotal genes was lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, and the survival time was significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. We then found that ICD risk characteristics had predictive value for the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy, with higher ICD risk scores in the immunotherapy non-responsive group. Combined with clinicopathological factors, a nomogram was established. the ROC and calibration curves assessed the ability of the nomogram to predict prognosis. We developed a new classification system for SKCM based on the characteristics of ICDs. This stratification has important clinical implications for estimating the prognosis and immunotherapy of SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Han
- Third Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qinqin Cai
- Third Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Third Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shilong Gao
- Third Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiwen Fan
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Xiwen Fan,
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Xu M, Lu JH, Zhong YZ, Jiang J, Shen YZ, Su JY, Lin SY. Immunogenic Cell Death-Relevant Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Sensing Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870914. [PMID: 35444934 PMCID: PMC9013947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a highly aggressive type of breast cancer which lacks specific biomarkers and drug targets. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may influence the outcome of immunotherapy for TNBC patients. This study aims to develop a DAMPs gene signature to classify TNBC patients and to further predict their prognosis and immunotherapy outcome. Methods We identified the DAMPs-associated subtypes of 330 TNBCs using K-means analysis. Differences in immune status, genomic alterations, and predicted immunotherapy outcome were compared among each subtype. Results A total of 330 TNBCs were divided into three subtypes according to DAMPs gene expression: the nuclear DAMPs subtype, featuring the upregulation of nuclear DAMPs; the inflammatory DAMPs subtype, characterized by the gene set enrichment of the adaptive immune system and cytokine signaling in the immune system; and the DAMPs-suppressed subtype, having the lowest level of ICD-associated DAMPs. Among them, the inflammatory subtype patients had the most favorable survival, while the DAMPs-suppressed subtype was associated with the worst prognosis. The DAMPs subtyping system was successfully validated in the TCGA cohort. Furthermore, we systemically revealed the genomic alterations among the three DAMPs subtypes. The inflammatory DAMPs subtype was predicted to have the highest response rate to immunotherapy, suggesting that the constructed DAMPs clustering had potential for immunotherapy efficacy prediction. Conclusion We established a novel ICD-associated DAMPs subtyping system in TNBC, and DAMPs expression might be a valuable biomarker for immunotherapy strategies. Our work could be helpful to the development of new immunomodulators and may contribute to the development of precision immunotherapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Hua Lu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Yang Su
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-You Lin
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Wu R, Oshi M, Asaoka M, Huyser MR, Tokumaru Y, Yamada A, Yan L, Endo I, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. APOBEC3F expression in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with tumor microenvironment infiltration and activation of cancer immunity and improved survival. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:744-762. [PMID: 35261799 PMCID: PMC8899983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) causes a point mutation from cytidine to uracil in DNA and/or RNA. The role of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B in breast cancer has been well described, whereas that of APOBEC3F remains unknown. To investigate the clinical relevance of APOBEC3F expression, we analyzed a total of 3000 breast cancer cases from multiple independent large patient cohorts including METABRIC, TCGA, GSE75688, and GSE114725. High expression of APOBEC3F was associated with improved disease-specific and overall survival in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). APOBEC3F is not usually a reflection of cancer cell biology in TNBC or luminal breast cancer, except for homologous recombination deficiency in TNBC. In the TNBC homologous recombination deficiency group, APOBEC3F expression was not consistently associated with intratumor heterogeneity, mutation rates, or neoantigens. APOBEC3F expression did not correlate with response to any of the drugs tested in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. However, high APOBEC3F expression was associated with enrichment of several immune-related gene sets and immune activity. High APOBEC3F expression also accompanied higher infiltration of anti-cancer immune cell infiltration in TNBC. However, in luminal breast cancer, high APOBEC3F tumor significantly enriched not only immune-related gene sets, but also cell proliferation-, metastasis-, and apoptosis-related gene sets. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomes showed APOBEC3F exclusively expressed in immune cells and significantly associated with cytolytic activity of the immune cells, immune response, and immune cell proliferation. Expression of immune checkpoint genes was uniformly elevated in APOBEC3F-high tumors. We conclude that APOBEC3F is exclusively expressed in immune cells and this expression is associated with enhanced anti-cancer immune response as well as improved survival in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Michelle R Huyser
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima, Japan
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD. Biomarkers for breast cancer immunotherapy: PD-L1, TILs, and beyond. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:549-555. [PMID: 34793275 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2008354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently entered into the therapeutic scenario of metastatic breast cancer. However, only a proportion of patients benefit from ICIs and immune-based combinations, so the identification of reliable predictors of response remains an unmet need. AREAS COVERED We discuss potential predictors of response to ICIs in breast cancer, including PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and several other biomarkers and suggest future directions of research in this setting. A literature search was conducted in October 2021 of Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane library and Scopus databases; in addition, abstract of international cancer meetings were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION In terms of predictors of response to immunotherapy in TNBC patients, several biomarkers are being evaluated. Valuable data on predictive biomarkers have recently emerged, including host-related factors, immune-related cells, and protein and genetic markers. Data supporting immunotherapy in the metastatic triple-negative breast cancer setting are not concordant, but there have been some positive phase III trials including IMpassion130 and KEYNOTE-355. Phase II and III (neo)adjuvant trials are supportive of this therapeutic strategy. Further investigations are warranted in this challenging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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