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Hu B, Zhang J, Huang J, Luo B, Zeng X, Jia J. NLRP3/1-mediated pyroptosis: beneficial clues for the development of novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2400-2410. [PMID: 38526276 PMCID: PMC11090449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in innate immunity that mediates the inflammatory response leading to pyroptosis, which is a lytic, inflammatory form of cell death. There is accumulating evidence that nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated microglial pyroptosis and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in the brain are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on neuroinflammation. We also describe the structures of NLRP3 and NLRP1 and the role their activation plays in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we examine the neuroprotective activity of small-molecule inhibitors, endogenous inhibitor proteins, microRNAs, and natural bioactive molecules that target NLRP3 and NLRP1, based on the rationale that inhibiting NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis can be an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Preethy H A, Rajendran K, Sukumar AJ, Krishnan UM. Emerging paradigms in Alzheimer's therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176872. [PMID: 39117266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects elderly, and its incidence is continuously increasing across the globe. Unfortunately, despite decades of research, a complete cure for Alzheimer's disease continues to elude us. The current medications are mainly symptomatic and slow the disease progression but do not result in reversal of all disease pathologies. The growing body of knowledge on the factors responsible for the onset and progression of the disease has resulted in the identification of new targets that could be targeted for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This has opened new vistas for treatment of Alzheimer's disease that have moved away from chemotherapeutic agents modulating a single target to biologics and combinations that acted on multiple targets thereby offering better therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the emerging directions in therapeutic interventions against Alzheimer's disease highlighting their merits that promise to change the treatment paradigm and challenges that limit their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Preethy H
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Anitha Josephine Sukumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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3
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Xu X, Zhang L, He Y, Qi C, Li F. Progress in Research on the Role of the Thioredoxin System in Chemical Nerve Injury. TOXICS 2024; 12:510. [PMID: 39058162 PMCID: PMC11280602 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Various factors, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumors, inflammation, trauma, immune disorders, and neuronal toxicity, can cause nerve damage. Chemical nerve injury, which results from exposure to toxic chemicals, has garnered increasing research attention. The thioredoxin (Trx) system, comprising Trx, Trx reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and Trx-interacting protein (TXNIP; endogenous Trx inhibitor), helps maintain redox homeostasis in the central nervous system. The dysregulation of this system can cause dementia, cognitive impairment, nerve conduction disorders, movement disorders, and other neurological disorders. Thus, maintaining Trx system homeostasis is crucial for preventing or treating nerve damage. (2) Objective: In this review study, we explored factors influencing the homeostasis of the Trx system and the involvement of its homeostatic imbalance in chemical nerve injury. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the Trx system-targeting active substances against chemical nerve injury. (3) Conclusions: Chemicals such as morphine, metals, and methylglyoxal interfere with the activity of TXNIP, Trx, and Trx reductase, disrupting Trx system homeostasis by affecting the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and apoptotic signaling-regulated kinase 1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, thereby leading to neurological disorders. Active substances such as resveratrol and lysergic acid sulfide mitigate the symptoms of chemical nerve injury by regulating the Ras/Raf1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and the miR-146a-5p/TXNIP axis. This study may guide the development of Trx-targeting modulators for treating neurological disorders and chemical nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuyun He
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Cong Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Jurong People’s Hospital, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Fang Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.X.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
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4
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Jia J, Liu H, Sun L, Xu Y, Zeng X. Thioredoxin-1 Protects Neurons Through Inhibiting NLRP1-Mediated Neuronal Pyroptosis in Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04341-y. [PMID: 38976128 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease all over the world. In the last decade, accumulating proofs have evidenced that neuroinflammation is intimately implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome can induce neuronal pyroptosis and in turn lead to neuronal loss in AD. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), a multifunctional molecule with anti-inflammation in human tissues, displays crucial neuroprotective roles in AD. Our previous research preliminarily found that Trx-1 inhibition enhanced the expression of NLRP1, caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in Aβ25-35-treated PC12 cells. However, it is largely unknown if Trx-1 can inhibit NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in AD neurons. In this study, it was verified that the protein levels of NLRP1, caspase-1, and GSDMD were significantly increased in Aβ25-35-treated mouse HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons. Suppression of Trx-1 with PX-12, a selective inhibitor of Trx-1, or Trx-1 knockdown further activated NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis. On the contrary, lentivirus infection-mediated Trx-1 overexpression in differentiated PC12 cells dramatically reversed expression of NLRP1, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Furthermore, Trx-1 overexpression mediated by adeno-associated virus in the hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice likewise attenuated the activation of NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis, as well as reduced the hippocampal deposition of Aβ and ameliorated the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, this article predicates a novel molecular mechanism by which Trx-1 exploits neuroprotection through attenuating NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in AD models, suggesting that Trx-1 may be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Central South Road, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.
- Judicial Expertise Center, Jiaxing University, No. 118, Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China.
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5
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Yu N, Pasha M, Chua JJE. Redox changes and cellular senescence in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103048. [PMID: 38277964 PMCID: PMC10840360 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox process and cellular senescence are involved in a range of essential physiological functions. However, they are also implicated in pathological processes underlying age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a result of abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), tau protein, and heme dyshomeostasis and is further aggravated by mitochondria dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Excessive ROS damages vital cellular components such as proteins, DNA and lipids. Such damage eventually leads to impaired neuronal function and cell death. Heightened oxidative stress can also induce cellular senescence via activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype to further exacerbate inflammation and tissue dysfunction. In this review, we focus on how changes in the redox system and cellular senescence contribute to AD and how they are affected by perturbations in heme metabolism and mitochondrial function. While potential therapeutic strategies targeting such changes have received some attention, more research is necessary to bring them into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mazhar Pasha
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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6
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Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Rafiq S, Arshad M, Yoo WK, Arain OZ, Kaleem I, Abualait T, Wang L, Wang R, Bashir S. Role of Thioredoxin System in Regulating Cellular Redox Status in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S97-S108. [PMID: 37545242 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and a public health problem. It exhibits significant oxidative stress and redox alterations. The antioxidant enzyme systems defend the cellular environment from oxidative stress. One of the redox systems is the thioredoxin system (TS), which exerts decisive control over the cellular redox environment. We aimed to review the protective effects of TS, which include thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH. In the following, we discussed the physiological functioning and the role of the TS in maintaining the cellular redox-homeostasis in the AD-damaged brain. Trx protects the cellular environment from oxidative stress, while TrxR is crucial for the cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain. However, TS dysregulation increases the susceptibility to cellular death. The changes in Trx and TrxR levels are significantly associated with AD progression. Though the data from human, animal, and cellular models support the neuroprotective role of TS in the brain of AD patients, the translational potential of these findings to clinical settings is not yet applied. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the emerging role of the TrxR-Trx system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Rafiq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Osama Zahid Arain
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Holubiec MI, Alloatti M, Bianchelli J, Greloni F, Arnaiz C, Gonzalez Prinz M, Fernandez Bessone I, Pozo Devoto V, Falzone TL. Mitochondrial vulnerability to oxidation in human brain organoids modelling Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:394-401. [PMID: 37657763 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain tissue. However, the exact mechanism by which abnormal APP leads to oxidative distress remains unclear. Damage to mitochondrial membrane and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration are thought to contribute to the progression of the disease. However, the lack of suitable human models that replicate pathological features, together with impaired cellular pathways, constitutes a major challenge in AD studies. In this work, we induced pluripotency in patient-derived skin fibroblasts carrying the Swedish mutation in App (APPswe), to generate human brain organoids that model AD, and studied redox regulation and mitochondrial homeostasis. We found time-dependent increases in AD-related pathological hallmarks in APPswe brain organoids, including elevated Aβ levels, increased extracellular amyloid deposits, and enhanced tau phosphorylation. Interestingly, using live-imaging spinning-disk confocal microscopy, we found an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in APPswe brain organoids when subjected to oxidative conditions. Moreover, ratiometric dyes in a live imaging setting revealed a selective increase in mitochondrial superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide levels in APPswe brain organoids that were coupled to impairments in cytosolic and mitochondrial redoxin protein expression. Our results suggest a selective increase in mitochondrial vulnerability to oxidative conditions in APPswe organoids, indicating that the abnormal metabolism of APP leads to specific changes in mitochondrial homeostasis that enhance the vulnerability to oxidation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I Holubiec
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (MPSP-CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, CABA, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bianchelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (MPSP-CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, CABA, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Greloni
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (MPSP-CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, CABA, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Gonzalez Prinz
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (MPSP-CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, CABA, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivan Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victorio Pozo Devoto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas L Falzone
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires IBioBA (MPSP-CONICET), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, CABA, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Jia J, Yin J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Wang M, Jiang H, Li L, Zeng X, Zhu D. Thioredoxin-1 Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Regulating AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231159226. [PMID: 36823760 PMCID: PMC9969465 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231159226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Increasing studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), one of the major redox proteins in mammalian cells, plays neuroprotection in AD. However, whether Trx-1 could regulate the mitochondrial biogenesis in AD is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Aβ25-35 treatment not only markedly induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, but also significantly decreased the number of mitochondria with biological activity and the adenosine triphosphate content in mitochondria, suggesting mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in AD cells. These changes were reversed by Lentivirus-mediated stable overexpression of Trx-1 or exogenous administration of recombinant human Trx-1. What's more, adeno-associated virus-mediated specific overexpression of Trx-1 in the hippocampus of β-amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice ameliorated the learning and memory and attenuated hippocampal Aβ deposition. Importantly, overexpression of Trx-1 in APP/PS1 mice restored the decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis-associated proteins, including adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). In addition, Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Trx-1 in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells also restored the decrease of AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC1α by Aβ25-35 treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity significantly abolished the effect of Trx-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Trx-1 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via restoring AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Xiansi Zeng, Research Center of
Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
Dongsheng Zhu, Department of Neurology,
The First Hospital of Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of
Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing,
China
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9
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Lanznaster D, Bruno C, Bourgeais J, Emond P, Zemmoura I, Lefèvre A, Reynier P, Eymieux S, Blanchard E, Vourc’h P, Andres CR, Bakkouche SE, Herault O, Favard L, Corcia P, Blasco H. Metabolic Profile and Pathological Alterations in the Muscle of Patients with Early-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061307. [PMID: 35740329 PMCID: PMC9220134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse biomarkers and pathological alterations have been found in muscle of patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the relation between such alterations and dysfunction in energetic metabolism remains to be investigated. We established the metabolome of muscle and serum of ALS patients and correlated these findings with the clinical status and pathological alterations observed in the muscle. We obtained data from 20 controls and 17 ALS patients (disease duration: 9.4 ± 6.8 months). Multivariate metabolomics analysis identified a distinct serum metabolome for ALS compared to controls (p-CV-ANOVA < 0.035) and revealed an excellent discriminant profile for muscle metabolome (p-CV-ANOVA < 0.0012). Citramalate was discriminant for both muscle and serum. High lauroylcarnitine levels in muscle were associated with low Forced Vital Capacity. Transcriptomics analysis of key antioxidant enzymes showed an upregulation of SOD3 (p = 0.0017) and GLRX2(1) (p = 0.0022) in ALS muscle. Analysis of mitochondrial enzymatic activity in muscle revealed higher complex II/CS (p = 0.04) and lower LDH (p = 0.03) activity in ALS than in controls. Our study showed, for the first time, a global dysfunction in the muscle of early-stage ALS patients. Furthermore, we identified novel metabolites to be employed as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Clément Bruno
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Bourgeais
- CNRS ERL7001, EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (J.B.); (O.H.)
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Antoine Lefèvre
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France;
- Mitovasc-Mitolab, UMR CNRS6015-INSERM1083, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (S.E.); (E.B.)
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (S.E.); (E.B.)
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R. Andres
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Olivier Herault
- CNRS ERL7001, EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (J.B.); (O.H.)
| | - Luc Favard
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (C.B.); (P.E.); (I.Z.); (A.L.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (P.C.); (H.B.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
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11
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Cucos CA, Milanesi E, Dobre M, Musat IA, Manda G, Cuadrado A. Altered Blood and Brain Expression of Inflammation and Redox Genes in Alzheimer's Disease, Common to APP V717I × TAU P301L Mice and Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105799. [PMID: 35628609 PMCID: PMC9144576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still not fully understood, and currently there are no effective treatments. Therefore, there is an unmet need for reliable biomarkers and animal models of AD to develop innovative therapeutic strategies addressing early pathologic events such as neuroinflammation and redox disturbances. The study aims to identify inflammatory and redox dysregulations in the context of AD-specific neuronal cell death and DNA damage, using the APPV717I× TAUP301L (AT) mouse model of AD. The expression of 84 inflammatory and 84 redox genes in the hippocampus and peripheral blood of double transgenic AT mice was evaluated against age-matched controls. A distinctive gene expression profile in the hippocampus and the blood of AT mice was identified, addressing DNA damage, apoptosis and thrombosis, complemented by inflammatory factors and receptors, along with ROS producers and antioxidants. Gene expression dysregulations that are common to AT mice and AD patients guided the final selection of candidate biomarkers. The identified inflammation and redox genes, common to AD patients and AT mice, might be valuable candidate biomarkers for preclinical drug development that could be readily translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Anca Cucos
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ioana Andreea Musat
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gina Manda
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.C.); (E.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.C.)
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12
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α-Arrestins and Their Functions: From Yeast to Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094988. [PMID: 35563378 PMCID: PMC9105457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Arrestins, also called arrestin-related trafficking adaptors (ARTs), constitute a large family of proteins conserved from yeast to humans. Despite their evolutionary precedence over their extensively studied relatives of the β-arrestin family, α-arrestins have been discovered relatively recently, and thus their properties are mostly unexplored. The predominant function of α-arrestins is the selective identification of membrane proteins for ubiquitination and degradation, which is an important element in maintaining membrane protein homeostasis as well as global cellular metabolisms. Among members of the arrestin clan, only α-arrestins possess PY motifs that allow canonical binding to WW domains of Rsp5/NEDD4 ubiquitin ligases and the subsequent ubiquitination of membrane proteins leading to their vacuolar/lysosomal degradation. The molecular mechanisms of the selective substrate’s targeting, function, and regulation of α-arrestins in response to different stimuli remain incompletely understood. Several functions of α-arrestins in animal models have been recently characterized, including redox homeostasis regulation, innate immune response regulation, and tumor suppression. However, the molecular mechanisms of α-arrestin regulation and substrate interactions are mainly based on observations from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. Nonetheless, α-arrestins have been implicated in health disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor progression, placing them in the group of potential therapeutic targets.
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13
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Jia J, Zhang X, Xu G, Zeng X, Li L. Thioredoxin-1 inhibits amyloid-β 25-35-induced activation of NLRP1/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3445-3452. [PMID: 35072836 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is charactered by these accepted pathological features, such as β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques outside the neurons and neurofibrillary tangles inside the neurons. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis is associated with the development of AD process. However, whether Aβ25-35 induces pyroptosis is still unclear. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), an intracellular multifunctional protein, showed neuroprotective roles by inhibiting the neurotoxicity of Aβ, attenuating the apoptosis of brain neurons and improving the spatial learning and memory ability in AD models. Whether Trx-1 could inhibit pyroptosis in AD needs to be further investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, MTT assay was employed to detected the viability. Western blotting was employed to detect the protein levels. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the intracellular and extracellular levels of IL-18 and IL-1β. Chronic Aβ25-35 treatment remarkedly compromised the viability of PC12 cells, increased the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP-1), caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), and promoted the extracellular release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. Simultaneously, Aβ25-35 treatment also significantly reduced the intracellular protein levels of Trx-1. Pharmacological inhibition of Trx-1 activity further decreased the cell viability, activated the NLRP-1/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway, and exacerbated the extracellular release of IL-18 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Trx-1 may play a potential inhibitory effect on Aβ25-35-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Innovation Team of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xinhong Zhang
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Innovation Team of Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Li Li
- Innovation Team of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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Wang J, Zhang W, Lu G. Thioredoxin relieves lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in mice by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:629. [PMID: 33936285 PMCID: PMC8082584 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disease with rapid onset and a high mortality rate. It is therefore particularly important to identify a suitable method for treating AKI. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant protein that is prevalent in living organisms. The aim of the present study was to facilitate the clinical treatment of AKI via the study of Trx. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to construct an AKI model in mice and the mice were pre-treated with Trx to examine its effect on AKI. In addition, human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were cultured and stimulated with Trx to examine its effect on inflammation, levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the HK-2 cells. The NF-κB signaling pathway is a classical inflammation-related pathway and the mechanism of Trx was investigated by evaluating the association between Trx and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Trx treatment reduced LPS-induced levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the HK-2 cells. The activity of NF-κB signaling pathway was increased in LPS-induced HK-2 cells, while Trx treatment effectively reduced NF-κB signaling pathway activity. In addition, Trx treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced mouse AKI in vivo, which was characterized by a decrease in inflammatory factors in mouse serum, a decrease in AKI-associated molecules in mouse urine and a decrease in oxidative stress levels in mouse kidney tissue samples. Trx treatment reduced inflammation, levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating LPS-induced mouse AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Changzhou Fourth People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Changzhou Fourth People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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