1
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Thabit H, Schofield J. Technology in the management of diabetes in hospitalised adults. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06206-4. [PMID: 38953925 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Suboptimal glycaemic management in hospitals has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased financial costs to healthcare systems. Despite the availability of guidelines for inpatient glycaemic management, implementation remains challenging because of the increasing workload of clinical staff and rising prevalence of diabetes. The development of novel and innovative technologies that support the clinical workflow and address the unmet need for effective and safe inpatient diabetes care delivery is still needed. There is robust evidence that the use of diabetes technology such as continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop insulin delivery can improve glycaemic management in outpatient settings; however, relatively little is known of its potential benefits and application in inpatient diabetes management. Emerging data from clinical studies show that diabetes technologies such as integrated clinical decision support systems can potentially mediate safer and more efficient inpatient diabetes care, while continuous glucose sensors and closed-loop systems show early promise in improving inpatient glycaemic management. This review aims to provide an overview of current evidence related to diabetes technology use in non-critical care adult inpatient settings. We highlight existing barriers that may hinder or delay implementation, as well as strategies and opportunities to facilitate the clinical readiness of inpatient diabetes technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hood Thabit
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jonathan Schofield
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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Nimri R, Phillip M, Clements MA, Kovatchev B. Closed-Loop Control, Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision-Support Systems, and Data Science. Diabetes Technol Ther 2024; 26:S68-S89. [PMID: 38441444 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2024.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Nimri
- Diabetes Technology Center, Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Diabetes Technology Center, Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark A Clements
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Boris Kovatchev
- Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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3
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Jendle J, Adolfsson P, Choudhary P, Dovc K, Fleming A, Klonoff DC, Mader JK, Oliver N, Sherr JL, Šoupal J, Heinemann L. A narrative commentary about interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy from an academic EU/UK/US perspective. Diabetologia 2024; 67:236-245. [PMID: 38041737 PMCID: PMC10789828 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
People living with diabetes have many medical devices available to assist with disease management. A critical aspect that must be considered is how systems for continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps communicate with each other and how the data generated by these devices can be downloaded, integrated, presented and used. Not only is interoperability associated with practical challenges, but also devices must adhere to all aspects of regulatory and legal frameworks. Key issues around interoperability in terms of data ownership, privacy and the limitations of interoperability include where the responsibility/liability for device and data interoperability lies and the need for standard data-sharing protocols to allow the seamless integration of data from different sources. There is a need for standardised protocols for the open and transparent handling of data and secure integration of data into electronic health records. Here, we discuss the current status of interoperability in medical devices and data used in diabetes therapy, as well as regulatory and legal issues surrounding both device and data interoperability, focusing on Europe (including the UK) and the USA. We also discuss a potential future landscape in which a clear and transparent framework for interoperability and data handling also fulfils the needs of people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jendle
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Peter Adolfsson
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital of Halland Kungsbacka, Kungsbacka, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Klemen Dovc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - David C Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Mader
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nick Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jan Šoupal
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lutz Heinemann
- Science Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Aaron RE, Tian T, Yeung AM, Huang J, Arreaza-Rubín GA, Ginsberg BH, Kompala T, Lee WA(A, Kerr D, Colmegna P, Mendez CE, Muchmore DB, Wallia A, Klonoff DC. NIH Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop 2023: Meeting Report: The Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop: Enabling Fully Automation, Access, and Adoption. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:215-239. [PMID: 37811866 PMCID: PMC10899838 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231201829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The Fifth Artificial Pancreas Workshop: Enabling Fully Automation, Access, and Adoption was held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland on May 1 to 2, 2023. The organizing Committee included representatives of NIH, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Diabetes Technology Society, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), and the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. In previous years, the NIH Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases along with other diabetes organizations had organized periodic workshops, and it had been seven years since the NIH hosted the Fourth Artificial Pancreas in July 2016. Since then, significant improvements in insulin delivery have occurred. Several automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are now commercially available. The workshop featured sessions on: (1) Lessons Learned from Recent Advanced Clinical Trials and Real-World Data Analysis, (2) Interoperability, Data Management, Integration of Systems, and Cybersecurity, Challenges and Regulatory Considerations, (3) Adaptation of Systems Through the Lifespan and Special Populations: Are Specific Algorithms Needed, (4) Development of Adaptive Algorithms for Insulin Only and for Multihormonal Systems or Combination with Adjuvant Therapies and Drugs: Clinical Expected Outcomes and Public Health Impact, (5) Novel Artificial Intelligence Strategies to Develop Smarter, More Automated, Personalized Diabetes Management Systems, (6) Novel Sensing Strategies, Hormone Formulations and Delivery to Optimize Close-loop Systems, (7) Special Topic: Clinical and Real-world Viability of IP-IP Systems. "Fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery using the IP route," (8) Round-table Panel: Closed-loop performance: What to Expect and What are the Best Metrics to Assess it, and (9) Round-table Discussion: What is Needed for More Adaptable, Accessible, and Usable Future Generation of Systems? How to Promote Equitable Innovation? This article summarizes the discussions of the Workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Tian
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Guillermo A. Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tejaswi Kompala
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Teladoc Health, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Wei-An (Andy) Lee
- Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Kerr
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amisha Wallia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes, Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
- Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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5
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Savoy A, Holden RJ, de Groot M, Clark DO, Sachs GA, Klonoff D, Weiner M. Improving Care for People Living With Dementia and Diabetes: Applying the Human-Centered Design Process to Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:201-206. [PMID: 36384313 PMCID: PMC10899847 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221137907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias and diabetes mellitus (ADRD-DM) are at high risk for hypoglycemic events. Their cognitive impairment and psychosocial situation often hinder detection of hypoglycemia. Extending use and benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to people with ADRD-DM could improve hypoglycemia detection, inform care, and reduce adverse events. However, cognitive impairment associated with ADRD presents unique challenges for CGM use. This commentary proposes applying the human-centered design process to CGM, investigating design solutions or interventions needed to integrate CGM into the health care of patients with ADRD-DM. With this process, we can identify and inform CGM designs for people with ADRD-DM, broadening CGM access, increasing detection and treatment of the silent threat posed by hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Savoy
- Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service CIN 13-416, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard J. Holden
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mary de Groot
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel O. Clark
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Greg A. Sachs
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Klonoff
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Dorothy L. and James E. Frank Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Health Information and Communication, Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service CIN 13-416, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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6
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Eng D, Ospelt E, Miyazaki B, McDonough R, Indyk JA, Wolf R, Lyons S, Neyman A, Fogel NR, Basina M, Gallagher MP, Ebekozien O, Alonso GT, Jones NHY, Lee JM. The Design of the Electronic Health Record in Type 1 Diabetes Centers: Implications for Metrics and Data Availability for a Quality Collaborative. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:30-38. [PMID: 37994567 PMCID: PMC10899848 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231214539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic and comprehensive data acquisition from the electronic health record (EHR) is critical to the quality of data used to improve patient care. We described EHR tools, workflows, and data elements that contribute to core quality metrics in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI). METHOD We conducted interviews with quality improvement (QI) representatives at 13 T1DX-QI centers about their EHR tools, clinic workflows, and data elements. RESULTS All centers had access to structured data tools, nine had access to patient questionnaires and two had integration with a device platform. There was significant variability in EHR tools, workflows, and data elements, thus the number of available metrics per center ranged from four to 17 at each site. Thirteen centers had information about glycemic outcomes and diabetes technology use. Seven centers had measurements of additional self-management behaviors. Centers captured patient-reported outcomes including social determinants of health (n = 9), depression (n = 11), transition to adult care (n = 7), and diabetes distress (n = 3). Various stakeholders captured data including health care professionals, educators, medical assistants, and QI coordinators. Centers that had a paired staffing model in clinic encounters distributed the burden of data capture across the health care team and was associated with a higher number of available data elements. CONCLUSIONS The lack of standardization in EHR tools, workflows, and data elements captured resulted in variability in available metrics across centers. Further work is needed to support measurement and subsequent improvement in quality of care for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Eng
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Helen DeVos
Children’s Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand
Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Emma Ospelt
- Quality Improvement and Population
Health, T1D Exchange, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Miyazaki
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan McDonough
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Justin A. Indyk
- Division of Endocrinology, The Ohio
State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus,
OH, USA
| | - Risa Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of
Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Lyons
- Department of Diabetes and
Endocrinology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Anna Neyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University
Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naomi R. Fogel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology,
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marina Basina
- Division of Endocrinology,
Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Mary Pat Gallagher
- The Pediatric Diabetes Center,
Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Osagie Ebekozien
- Quality Improvement and Population
Health, T1D Exchange, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health,
University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G. Todd Alonso
- Barbara Davis Center, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Susan B.
Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Prahalad P, Maahs DM. Roadmap to Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption and Improved Outcomes in Endocrinology: The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) Program. Diabetes Spectr 2023; 36:299-305. [PMID: 37982062 PMCID: PMC10654131 DOI: 10.2337/dsi23-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucose monitoring is essential for the management of type 1 diabetes and has evolved from urine glucose monitoring in the early 1900s to home blood glucose monitoring in the 1980s to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) today. Youth with type 1 diabetes struggle to meet A1C goals; however, CGM is associated with improved A1C in these youth and is recommended as a standard of care by diabetes professional organizations. Despite their utility, expanding uptake of CGM systems has been challenging, especially in minoritized communities. The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) program was developed using a team-based approach to set consistent glycemic targets and equitably initiate CGM and remote patient monitoring in all youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes. In the pilot 4T study, youth in the 4T cohort had a 0.5% improvement in A1C 12 months after diabetes diagnosis compared with those in the historical cohort. The 4T program can serve as a roadmap for other multidisciplinary pediatric type 1 diabetes clinics to increase CGM adoption and improve glycemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - David M. Maahs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Espinoza JC, Yeung AM, Huang J, Seley JJ, Longo R, Klonoff DC. The Need for Data Standards and Implementation Policies to Integrate Insulin Delivery Data Into the Electronic Health Record. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 37232299 PMCID: PMC10563544 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231178549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Integration of insulin dosing data into the electronic health record (EHR), combined with other patient-generated health care data, would facilitate the use of wirelessly connected insulin delivery systems, including smart insulin pens, insulin pumps, and advanced hybrid closed-loop systems. In 2022, Diabetes Technology Society developed the Integration of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data into the EHR (iCoDE) Project, which is the first consensus standard for integrating data from a wearable device into the EHR. The iCoDE Standard is a comprehensive guide for any health care delivery organization or hospital for automatically integrating continuous glucose monitoring data into the EHR. Diabetes Technology Society is following iCoDE with the Integration of Connected Diabetes Device Data into the EHR (iCoDE-2) Project, to similarly provide guidance for integrating insulin delivery data into the EHR alongside continuous glucose monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Espinoza
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Longo
- Beth Israel Lahey Health/Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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Huang J, Yeung AM, DuBord AY, Wolpert H, Jacobs PG, Lee WA, Drincic A, Spanakis EK, Sherr JL, Prahalad P, Fleming A, Hsiao VC, Kompala T, Lal RA, Fayfman M, Ginsberg BH, Galindo RJ, Stuhr A, Chase JG, Najafi B, Masharani U, Seley JJ, Klonoff DC. Diabetes Technology Meeting 2022. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:1085-1120. [PMID: 36704821 PMCID: PMC10347991 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221148743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Technology Society hosted its annual Diabetes Technology Meeting from November 3 to November 5, 2022. Meeting topics included (1) the measurement of glucose, insulin, and ketones; (2) virtual diabetes care; (3) metrics for managing diabetes and predicting outcomes; (4) integration of continuous glucose monitor data into the electronic health record; (5) regulation of diabetes technology; (6) digital health to nudge behavior; (7) estimating carbohydrates; (8) fully automated insulin delivery systems; (9) hypoglycemia; (10) novel insulins; (11) insulin delivery; (12) on-body sensors; (13) continuous glucose monitoring; (14) diabetic foot ulcers; (15) the environmental impact of diabetes technology; and (16) spinal cord stimulation for painful diabetic neuropathy. A live demonstration of a device that can allow for the recycling of used insulin pens was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter G. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wei-An Lee
- Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Elias K. Spanakis
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tejaswi Kompala
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Teladoc Health, Purchase, NY, USA
| | | | - Maya Fayfman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Umesh Masharani
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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10
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Guerrero-Arroyo L, Faulds E, Perez-Guzman MC, Davis GM, Dungan K, Pasquel FJ. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:667-678. [PMID: 37081830 PMCID: PMC10210113 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231169522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the care of critically ill patients with diabetes or stress hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit (ICU) demands the use of continuous intravenous insulin (CII) therapy to achieve narrow glycemic targets. To reduce the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycemia and to achieve glycemic targets during CII, healthcare providers (HCP) rely on hourly point-of-care (POC) arterial or capillary glucose tests obtained with glucose monitors. The burden of this approach, however, was evident during the beginning of the pandemic when the immediate reduction in close contact interactions between HCP and patients with COVID-19 was necessary to avoid potentially life-threatening exposures. Taking advantage of the advancements in current diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices integrated with digital health tools for remote monitoring, HCP implemented novel protocols in the ICU to care for patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia. We provide an overview of research conducted in the ICU setting with the use of initial CGM technology to current devices and summarize our recent experience in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizda Guerrero-Arroyo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eileen Faulds
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M. Citlalli Perez-Guzman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Georgia M. Davis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen Dungan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco J. Pasquel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Messer LH, Vigers T, Akturk HK, Forlenza GP, Huss KB, Karami AJ, Malecha E, Oser SM, Polsky S, Pyle L, Shah VN, Wadwa RP, Oser TK. Increasing Use of Diabetes Devices: What Do Health Care Professionals Need? Clin Diabetes 2023; 41:386-398. [PMID: 37456091 PMCID: PMC10338282 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence of improved diabetes outcomes with diabetes technology such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin pumps, and hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin delivery systems, these devices are underutilized in clinical practice for the management of insulin-requiring diabetes. This low uptake may be the result of health care providers' (HCPs') lack of confidence or time to prescribe and manage devices for people with diabetes. We administered a survey to HCPs in primary care, pediatric endocrinology, and adult endocrinology practices in the United States. Responding HCPs expressed a need for device-related insurance coverage tools and online data platforms with integration to electronic health record systems to improve diabetes technology uptake in these practice settings across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel H. Messer
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Tim Vigers
- University of Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO
| | - Halis K. Akturk
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Gregory P. Forlenza
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Kelsey B. Huss
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Angela J. Karami
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Emily Malecha
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Sean M. Oser
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Sarit Polsky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- University of Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO
| | - Viral N. Shah
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - R. Paul Wadwa
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Tamara K. Oser
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Aurora, CO
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12
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Kerr D, Klonoff DC, Bergenstal RM, Choudhary P, Ji L. A Roadmap to an Equitable Digital Diabetes Ecosystem. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:179-184. [PMID: 36584818 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes management presents a substantial burden to individuals living with the condition and their families, health care professionals, and health care systems. Although an increasing number of digital tools are available to assist with tasks such as blood glucose monitoring and insulin dose calculation, multiple persistent barriers continue to prevent their optimal use. METHODS As a guide to creating an equitable connected digital diabetes ecosystem, we propose a roadmap with key milestones that need to be achieved along the way. RESULTS During the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic, there was an increased use of digital tools to support diabetes care, but at the same time, the pandemic also highlighted problems of inequities in access to and use of these same technologies. Based on these observations, a connected diabetes ecosystem should incorporate and optimize the use of existing treatments and technologies, integrate tasks such as glucose monitoring, data analysis, and insulin dose calculations, and lead to improved and equitable health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Development of this ecosystem will require overcoming multiple obstacles, including interoperability and data security concerns. However, an integrated system would optimize existing devices, technologies, and treatments to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kerr
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, California.
| | - David C Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, California
| | | | - Pratik Choudhary
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Yeung AM, Huang J, Klonoff DC, Seigel RE, Goldman JM, Shah SN, Corathers SD, Vidmar AP, Tut M, Espinoza JC. iCoDE June 22, 2022 Steering Committee Meeting Summary Report. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1575-1576. [PMID: 36036511 PMCID: PMC9631518 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221119146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA,
USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula
Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian M. Goldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah D. Corathers
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alaina P. Vidmar
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maurice Tut
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan C. Espinoza
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Knevel R, Hügle T. E-health as a sine qua non for modern healthcare. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002401. [PMID: 36123014 PMCID: PMC9486378 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In each era we need to balance between being able to provide care with our “technical skill, scientific knowledge, and human understanding” (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 1950) to the individual patient and simultaneously ensure that our healthcare serves all. With the increasing demand of healthcare by an aging population and the lack of specialists, accessible healthcare within a reasonable time frame is not always guaranteed. E-health provides solutions for current situations where we do not meet our own aims of good healthcare, such as restrictions in access to care and a reduction in care availability by a reducing workforce. In addition, telemedicine offers opportunities to improve our healthcare beyond what is possible by in person visits. However, e-health is often viewed as an deficient version of healthcare of low quality. We disagree with this view. In this article we will discuss how to position e-health in the current situation of healthcare, given the continuing rapid development of digital technologies and the changing needs of healthcare professionals and patients. We will address the evolution of e-health towards connected and intelligent systems and the stakeholders perspective, aiming to open up the discussion on e-Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Knevel
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Hügle
- Rheumatology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Huang J, Yeung AM, Nguyen KT, Xu NY, Preiser JC, Rushakoff RJ, Seley JJ, Umpierrez GE, Wallia A, Drincic AT, Gianchandani R, Lansang MC, Masharani U, Mathioudakis N, Pasquel FJ, Schmidt S, Shah VN, Spanakis EK, Stuhr A, Treiber GM, Klonoff DC. Hospital Diabetes Meeting 2022. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:1309-1337. [PMID: 35904143 PMCID: PMC9445340 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The annual Virtual Hospital Diabetes Meeting was hosted by Diabetes Technology Society on April 1 and April 2, 2022. This meeting brought together experts in diabetes technology to discuss various new developments in the field of managing diabetes in hospitalized patients. Meeting topics included (1) digital health and the hospital, (2) blood glucose targets, (3) software for inpatient diabetes, (4) surgery, (5) transitions, (6) coronavirus disease and diabetes in the hospital, (7) drugs for diabetes, (8) continuous glucose monitoring, (9) quality improvement, (10) diabetes care and educatinon, and (11) uniting people, process, and technology to achieve optimal glycemic management. This meeting covered new technology that will enable better care of people with diabetes if they are hospitalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole Y. Xu
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amisha Wallia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Umesh Masharani
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Viral N. Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
- David C. Klonoff, MD, FACP, FRCP (Edin), Fellow AIMBE, Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, 100 South San Mateo Drive, Room 5147, San Mateo, CA 94401, USA.
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