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Mukherjee A, Pednekar CB, Kolke SS, Kattimani M, Duraisamy S, Burli AR, Gupta S, Srivastava S. Insights on Proteomics-Driven Body Fluid-Based Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020013. [PMID: 35645371 PMCID: PMC9149910 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the top malignancies in women around the globe, which still holds its place despite being preventable at early stages. Gynecological conditions, even maladies like cervical cancer, still experience scrutiny from society owing to prevalent taboo and invasive screening methods, especially in developing economies. Additionally, current diagnoses lack specificity and sensitivity, which prolong diagnosis until it is too late. Advances in omics-based technologies aid in discovering differential multi-omics profiles between healthy individuals and cancer patients, which could be utilized for the discovery of body fluid-based biomarkers. Body fluids are a promising potential alternative for early disease detection and counteracting the problems of invasiveness while also serving as a pool of potential biomarkers. In this review, we will provide details of the body fluids-based biomarkers that have been reported in cervical cancer. Here, we have presented our perspective on proteomics for global biomarker discovery by addressing several pertinent problems, including the challenges that are confronted in cervical cancer. Further, we also used bioinformatic methods to undertake a meta-analysis of significantly up-regulated biomolecular profiles in CVF from cervical cancer patients. Our analysis deciphered alterations in the biological pathways in CVF such as immune response, glycolytic processes, regulation of cell death, regulation of structural size, protein polymerization disease, and other pathways that can cumulatively contribute to cervical cancer malignancy. We believe, more extensive research on such biomarkers, will speed up the road to early identification and prevention of cervical cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | | | - Siddhant Sujit Kolke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | - Megha Kattimani
- Undergraduate Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India;
| | - Subhiksha Duraisamy
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India;
| | - Ananya Raghu Burli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-22-2576-7779
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Kim YE, Kim K, Oh HB, Lee SK, Kang D. Quantitative proteomic profiling of Cervicovaginal fluid from pregnant women with term and preterm birth. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:3. [PMID: 33588889 PMCID: PMC7885372 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) is one of major causes of perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity, but knowledge of its complex etiology is still limited. Here we present cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) protein profiles of pregnant women who subsequently delivered at spontaneous preterm or term, aiming to identify differentially expressed CVF proteins in PTB and term birth. Methods The CVF proteome of women who sequentially delivered at preterm and term was analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-nLC-MS/MS). We compared the CVF proteome of PTB (n = 5) and control subjects (term birth, n = 7) using pooled control CVF (term birth, n = 20) as spike-in standard. Results We identified 1294 CVF proteins, of which 605 were newly identified proteins. Of 990 proteins quantified in both PTB and term birth, 52 proteins were significantly up/down-regulated in PTB compared to term birth. The differentially expressed proteins were functionally associated to immune response, endopeptidase inhibitors and structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Finally, we confirm the down-regulation of SERPINB7 (a serine-type protease inhibitor) in PTB compared to control by Western blot. Conclusions Taken together, our study provide quantitative CVF proteome profiles of pregnant women who ultimately delivered at preterm and term. These promising results could help to improve the understanding of PTB etiology and to discover biomarkers for asymptomatic PTB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12953-021-00171-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Kim
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Kwonseong Kim
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, 158 Gasuwondong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 3535, South Korea.
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare, using a proteomic approach, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) proteins of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) with those presenting normal microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 309 reproductive-aged women were cross-sectionally enrolled. Participants were tested for vaginal candidosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and excluded if positive. Vaginal microbiota was classified microscopically according to Nugent criteria in normal, intermediate, and BV. Randomly selected CVF samples of 29 women with BV and an equal number with normal microbiota were subjected to proteomic analysis. Thus, a total of 58 CVF samples were evaluated using shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a Q-Tof PREMIER API mass spectrometer (MicroMass/Waters) for peptide detection and relative quantification. RESULTS Of the 309 women enrolled, 63 (20.4%) were excluded after testing positive for at least one of the tested co-infections or because of low-quality samples. Microscopic classification of vaginal microbiota on the remaining 246 samples revealed that 132 women (53.6%) had normal microbiota, 33 (13.4%) had intermediate microbiota, and 81 (33.0%) had BV. Proteomic analysis of CVF of 58 randomly selected women with normal microbiota (n = 29) or BV (n = 29) successfully identified 74 proteins. In addition, the comparison of abundance of those proteins between the groups showed that the following five (6.7%) were enriched in BV: neutrophil elastase, kaliocin-1, neutrophil defensin-1, Ig lambda-2 chain C regions, and protein S100-A7. All of which have a recognized role in host's immunity. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive finding of BV affects immunity-related CVF components of reproductive-aged women.
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Van Ostade X, Dom M, Tjalma W, Van Raemdonck G. Candidate biomarkers in the cervical vaginal fluid for the (self-)diagnosis of cervical precancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:295-311. [PMID: 29143101 PMCID: PMC5778162 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Despite improvement in vaccines against human papilloma virus (HPV), the causative agent of cervical cancer, screening women for cervical precancer will remain indispensable in the coming 30–40 years. A simple test that could be performed at home or at a doctor’s practice and that informs the woman whether she is at risk would significantly help make a broader group of patients who aware that they need medical treatment. Cervical vaginal fluid (CVF) is a body fluid that is very well suited for such a test. Methods Narrative review of cervical (pre)cancer candidate biomarkers from cervicovaginal fluid, is based on a detailed review of the literature. We will also discuss the possibilities that these biomarkers create for the development of a self-test or point-of-care test for cervical (pre)cancer. Results Several DNA, DNA methylation, miRNA, and protein biomarkers were identified in the cervical vaginal fluid; however, not all of these biomarkers are suited for development of a simple diagnostic assay. Conclusions Proteins, especially alpha-actinin-4, are most suited for development of a simple assay for cervical (pre)cancer. Accuracy of the test could further be improved by combination of several proteins or by combination with a new type of biomarker, e.g., originating from the cervicovaginal microbiome or metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaveer Van Ostade
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Centre for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Martin Dom
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Centre for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Centre for Proteomics (CfP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Soleilhavoup C, Riou C, Tsikis G, Labas V, Harichaux G, Kohnke P, Reynaud K, de Graaf SP, Gerard N, Druart X. Proteomes of the Female Genital Tract During the Oestrous Cycle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:93-108. [PMID: 26518761 PMCID: PMC4762522 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.052332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The female genital tract includes several anatomical regions whose luminal fluids successively interact with gametes and embryos and are involved in the fertilisation and development processes. The luminal fluids from the inner cervix, the uterus and the oviduct were collected along the oestrous cycle at oestrus (Day 0 of the cycle) and during the luteal phase (Day 10) from adult cyclic ewes. The proteomes were assessed by GeLC-MS/MS and quantified by spectral counting. A set of 940 proteins were identified including 291 proteins differentially present along the cycle in one or several regions. The global analysis of the fluid proteomes revealed a general pattern of endocrine regulation of the tract, with the cervix and the oviduct showing an increased differential proteins abundance mainly at oestrus while the uterus showed an increased abundance mainly during the luteal phase. The proteins more abundant at oestrus included several families such as the heat shock proteins (HSP), the mucins, the complement cascade proteins and several redox enzymes. Other proteins known for their interaction with gametes such as oviductin (OVGP), osteopontin, HSPA8, and the spermadhesin AWN were also overexpressed at oestrus. The proteins more abundant during the luteal phase were associated with the immune system such as ceruloplasmin, lactoferrin, DMBT1, or PIGR, and also with tissue remodeling such as galectin 3 binding protein, alkaline phosphatase, CD9, or fibulin. Several proteins differentially abundant between estrus and the luteal phase, such as myosin 9 and fibronectin, were also validated by immunohistochemistry. The potential roles in sperm transit and uterine receptivity of the proteins differentially regulated along the cycle in the female genital tract are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Soleilhavoup
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Cindy Riou
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Guillaume Tsikis
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Valerie Labas
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; **INRA, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules (PAIB), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gregoire Harichaux
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; **INRA, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules (PAIB), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippa Kohnke
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Karine Reynaud
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ‡‡Alfort Veterinary School, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Simon P de Graaf
- §§Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nadine Gerard
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Xavier Druart
- From the ‡INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; §CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; ¶Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France; ‖IFCE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France;
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Jonscher KR, Osypuk AA, van Bokhoven A, Lucia MS. Evaluation of urinary protein precipitation protocols for the multidisciplinary approach to the study of chronic pelvic pain research network. J Biomol Tech 2015; 25:118-26. [PMID: 25365794 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.14-2504-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Standardization of sample collection, shipping, and storage has been a major focus of biorepositories servicing large, multi-institute studies. The standardization of total protein concentration measurements may also provide an important metric for characterizing biospecimens. The measurement of total protein concentration in urine is challenging because of widely variable sample dilutions obtained in the clinic and the lack of a reference matrix for use with a standard curve and blank subtraction. Urinary proteins are therefore typically precipitated and reconstituted in a reference solution before quantitation. We have tested three different methods for protein precipitation and evaluated them using variability in total protein concentration measurement as a metric. The methods were tested on four urine samples ranging from very concentrated to very dilute. A method using a commercially available kit provided the most reproducible results, with average coefficients of variation <10%. Addition of a freeze/thaw did not lead to significant protein loss or additional variability. Samples were titrated and the measurements obtained appeared to be linearly correlated with sample starting volume. This method was applied to analysis of 77 urine biorepository samples and provided reproducible results when the same sample was assayed on different microwell plates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A Osypuk
- Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Lee SM, Romero R, Park JS, Chaemsaithong P, Jun JK, Yoon BH. A transcervical amniotic fluid collector: a new medical device for the assessment of amniotic fluid in patients with ruptured membranes. J Perinat Med 2015; 43:381-9. [PMID: 25372723 PMCID: PMC5898808 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2014-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe a new device for the transcervical collection of amniotic fluid (AF) in patients with ruptured membranes, and to compare the concentration of proteins in fluid retrieved by transabdominal amniocentesis and the transcervical AF collector. STUDY DESIGN Paired AF samples were collected in patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) (n=11) by transabdominal amniocentesis and with the transcervical AF collector (Yoon's AF Collector™). Three proteins known to have high concentrations in AF [α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG), and prolactin] were measured. RESULTS (1) There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of analytes in AF obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and by the transcervical AF collector (r=0.94, P<0.001 for AFP; r=0.96, P<0.001 for β-hCG; r=0.72, P<0.05 for prolactin); (2) Bland-Altman plots showed no evidence of heteroscedasticity between transabdominal or transcervical AF concentrations of these markers. CONCLUSIONS There was a strong correlation between the concentrations of proteins in AF collected by amniocentesis or with the transcervical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Predicting Preterm Labour: Current Status and Future Prospects. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:435014. [PMID: 26160993 PMCID: PMC4486247 DOI: 10.1155/2015/435014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labour and birth are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite modern advances in obstetric and neonatal management, the rate of preterm birth in the developed world is increasing. Yet even though numerous risk factors associated with preterm birth have been identified, the ability to accurately predict when labour will occur remains elusive, whether it is at a term or preterm gestation. In the latter case, this is likely due to the multifactorial aetiology of preterm labour wherein women may display different clinical presentations that lead to preterm birth. The discovery of novel biomarkers that could reliably identify women who will subsequently deliver preterm may allow for timely medical intervention and targeted therapeutic treatments aimed at improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Various body fluids including amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, blood (serum/plasma), and cervicovaginal fluid all provide a rich protein source of putative biochemical markers that may be causative or reflective of the various pathophysiological disorders of pregnancy, including preterm labour. This short review will highlight recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery and the utility of single and multiple biomarkers for the prediction of preterm birth in the absence of intra-amniotic infection.
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Heng YJ, Liong S, Permezel M, Rice GE, Di Quinzio MKW, Georgiou HM. Human cervicovaginal fluid biomarkers to predict term and preterm labor. Front Physiol 2015; 6:151. [PMID: 26029118 PMCID: PMC4429550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB; birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation) remains the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The current generation of biomarkers predictive of PTB have limited utility. In pregnancy, the human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) proteome is a reflection of the local biochemical milieu and is influenced by the physical changes occurring in the vagina, cervix and adjacent overlying fetal membranes. Term and preterm labor (PTL) share common pathways of cervical ripening, myometrial activation and fetal membranes rupture leading to birth. We therefore hypothesize that CVF biomarkers predictive of labor may be similar in both the term and preterm labor setting. In this review, we summarize some of the existing published literature as well as our team's breadth of work utilizing the CVF for the discovery and validation of putative CVF biomarkers predictive of human labor. Our team established an efficient method for collecting serial CVF samples for optimal 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolution and analysis. We first embarked on CVF biomarker discovery for the prediction of spontaneous onset of term labor using 2D-electrophoresis and solution array multiple analyte profiling. 2D-electrophoretic analyses were subsequently performed on CVF samples associated with PTB. Several proteins have been successfully validated and demonstrate that these biomarkers are associated with term and PTL and may be predictive of both term and PTL. In addition, the measurement of these putative biomarkers was found to be robust to the influences of vaginal microflora and/or semen. The future development of a multiple biomarker bed-side test would help improve the prediction of PTB and the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Liong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Permezel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan K W Di Quinzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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Legg KM, Powell R, Reisdorph N, Reisdorph R, Danielson PB. Discovery of highly specific protein markers for the identification of biological stains. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3069-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Legg
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Denver; Denver CO USA
- The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education; Willow Grove PA USA
| | - Roger Powell
- Department of Immunology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | | | - Rick Reisdorph
- Department of Immunology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
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11
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Boylan KL, Afiuni-Zadeh S, Geller MA, Hickey K, Griffin TJ, Pambuccian SE, Skubitz AP. A feasibility study to identify proteins in the residual Pap test fluid of women with normal cytology by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:30. [PMID: 25097468 PMCID: PMC4106909 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteomic analysis of body fluids is a growing technology for the identification of protein biomarkers of disease. Given that Papanicolaou tests (Pap tests) are routinely performed on over 30 million women annually in the U.S. to screen for cervical cancer, we examined the residual Pap test fluid as a source of protein for analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). In the liquid-based Pap test, cervical cells are collected from the ectocervix and placed into an alcohol-based fixative prior to staining and pathologic examination. We hypothesized that proteins shed by cells of the female genital tract can be detected in the Pap test fixative by MS-based proteomic techniques. We examined the feasibility of using residual fluid from discarded Pap tests with cytologically "normal" results to optimize sample preparation for MS analysis. The protein composition of the cell-free Pap test fluid was determined by silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate -polyacrylamide gels, and the abundance of serum proteins was examined by Western immunoblot using an antibody against human serum albumin. Both pooled and individual samples were trypsin digested and analyzed by two-dimensional MS/MS. Proteins were identified by searching against the Human Uniprot database, and characterized for localization, function and relative abundance. RESULTS The average volume of the residual Pap test fluid was 1.5 ml and the average protein concentration was 0.14 mg/ml. By Western immunoblot we showed that the amount of albumin in each sample was significantly reduced compared to normal serum. By MS/MS, we identified 714 unique proteins in pooled Pap test samples and an average of 431 proteins in individual samples. About 40% of the proteins identified were extracellular or localized to the plasma membrane. Almost 20% of the proteins identified were involved in immunity and defense, characteristic of the healthy cervical-vaginal proteome. By merging the protein sets from the individual and pooled Pap test samples, we created a "Normal Pap test Core Proteome" consisting of 153 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Residual Pap test fluid contains a sufficient amount of protein for analysis by MS and represents a valuable biospecimen source for the identification of protein biomarkers for gynecological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lm Boylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Somaieh Afiuni-Zadeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kayla Hickey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy J Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy Pn Skubitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MMC 395, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Buhimschi CS, Baumbusch MA, Campbell KH, Dulay AT, Buhimschi IA. Insight into innate immunity of the uterine cervix as a host defense mechanism against infection and preterm birth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17474108.4.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shotgun proteomic analysis on the diapause and non-diapause eggs of domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60386. [PMID: 23580252 PMCID: PMC3620277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the molecular mechanisms of silkworm diapause, it is necessary to investigate the molecular basis at protein level. Here, the spectra of peptides digested from silkworm diapause and non-diapause eggs were obtained from liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. A total of 501 and 562 proteins were identified from the diapause and non-diapause eggs respectively, of which 309 proteins were shared commonly. Among these common-expressed proteins, three main storage proteins (vitellogenin precursor, egg-specific protein and low molecular lipoprotein 30 K precursor), nine heat shock proteins (HSP19.9, 20.1, 20.4, 20.8, 21.4, 23.7, 70, 90-kDa heat shock protein and heat shock cognate protein), 37 metabolic enzymes, 22 ribosomal proteins were identified. There were 192 and 253 unique proteins identified in the diapause and non-diapause eggs respectively, of which 24 and 48 had functional annotations, these unique proteins indicated that the metabolism, translation of the mRNA and synthesis of proteins were potentially more highly represented in the non-dipause eggs than that in the diapause eggs. The relative mRNA levels of four identified proteins in the two kinds of eggs were also compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and showed some inconsistencies with protein expression. GO signatures of 486 out of the 502 and 545 out of the 562 proteins identified in the diapause and non-diapause eggs respectively were available. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed the Metabolism, Translation and Transcription pathway were potentially more active in the non-dipause eggs at this stage.
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Liong S, Di Quinzio MKW, Heng YJ, Fleming G, Permezel M, Rice GE, Georgiou HM. Proteomic analysis of human cervicovaginal fluid collected before preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. Reproduction 2013. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A significant obstetric complication facing contemporary materno–fetal medicine is preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (preterm PROM), which occurs in 30% of all preterm births. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in the cervicovaginal fluid of asymptomatic women before the clinical manifestation of preterm PROM. The preterm PROM group comprised of women with samples collected 6–23 days before PROM, who subsequently delivered preterm (n=5). Women who spontaneously delivered at term served as gestation-matched controls (n=10). Two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis was used to distinguish differential expression between the pooled groups and fold changes were subsequently confirmed by two-dimensional PAGE of individual samples. Spots of interest were identified by mass spectrometry. Proteins that were significantly reduced with impending preterm PROM included the following: thioredoxin (2.7-fold), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (1.7-fold), fatty acid-binding protein 5 (2.1-fold), cystatin A (dimer; 1.9-fold), monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor (1.6-fold), squamous cell carcinoma antigen-1 (2.1-fold) and γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase (3.0-fold). By contrast, annexin A3 (3.7-fold) and vitamin D binding protein (3.9-fold) were significantly increased with impending preterm PROM. Western blot analysis was also performed on an independent cohort of preterm PROM and control samples to validate these candidate biomarkers. These proteins have known biological functions in oxidative balance, anti-inflammatory activity, metabolism or protease inhibition that may facilitate membrane rupture.
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Upadhyay RD, Balasinor NH, Kumar AV, Sachdeva G, Parte P, Dumasia K. Proteomics in reproductive biology: beacon for unraveling the molecular complexities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:8-15. [PMID: 23072795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics, an interface of rapidly evolving advances in physics and biology, is rapidly developing and expanding its potential applications to molecular and cellular biology. Application of proteomics tools has contributed towards identification of relevant protein biomarkers that can potentially change the strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. The emergence of powerful mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique has added a new dimension to the field of medical research in liver, heart diseases and certain forms of cancer. Most proteomics tools are also being used to study physiological and pathological events related to reproductive biology. There have been attempts to generate the proteomes of testes, sperm, seminal fluid, epididymis, oocyte, and endometrium from reproductive disease patients. Here, we have reviewed proteomics based investigations in humans over the last decade, which focus on delineating the mechanism underlying various reproductive events such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, embryo development. The challenge is to harness new technologies like 2-DE, DIGE, MALDI-MS, SELDI-MS, MUDPIT, LC-MS etc., to a greater extent to develop widely applicable clinical tools in understanding molecular aspects of reproduction both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Upadhyay
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India.
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Yang H, Zhou B, Prinz M, Siegel D. Proteomic analysis of menstrual blood. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1024-35. [PMID: 22822186 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.018390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Menstruation is the expulsion of the endometrial lining of the uterus following a nearly month long preparation for embryo implantation and pregnancy. Increasingly, the health of the endometrium is being recognized as a critical factor in female fertility, and proteomes and transcriptomes from endometrial biopsies at different stages of the menstrual cycle have been studied for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (1 Kao, L. C., et al. 2003 Endocrinology 144, 2870-2881; Strowitzki, Tet al. 2006 Hum. Reprod. Update 12, 617-630; DeSouza, L., et al. 2005 Proteomics 5, 270-281). Disorders of the uterus ranging from benign to malignant tumors, as well as endometriosis, can cause abnormal menstrual bleeding and are frequently diagnosed through endometrial biopsy (Strowitzki, Tet al. 2006 Hum. Reprod. Update 12, 617-630; Ferenczy, A. 2003 Maturitas 45, 1-14). Yet the proteome of menstrual blood, an easily available noninvasive source of endometrial tissue, has yet to be examined for possible causes or diagnoses of infertility or endometrial pathology. This study employed five different methods to define the menstrual blood proteome. A total of 1061 proteins were identified, 361 were found by at least two methods and 678 were identified by at least two peptides. When the menstrual blood proteome was compared with those of circulating blood (1774 proteins) and vaginal fluid (823 proteins), 385 proteins were found unique to menstrual blood. Gene ontology analysis and evaluation of these specific menstrual blood proteins identified pathways consistent with the processes of the normal endometrial cycle. Several of the proteins unique to menstrual blood suggest that extramedullary uterine hematopoiesis or parenchymal hemoglobin synthesis may be occurring in late endometrial tissue. The establishment of a normal menstrual blood proteome is necessary for the evaluation of its usefulness as a diagnostic tool for infertility and uterine pathologies. Identification of unique menstrual blood proteins should aid the forensic community in distinguishing menstrual blood from circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Yang
- New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Lee DC, Hassan SS, Romero R, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Gervasi MT, Caruso JA, Stemmer PM, Kim CJ, Hansen LK, Becher N, Uldbjerg N. Protein profiling underscores immunological functions of uterine cervical mucus plug in human pregnancy. J Proteomics 2011; 74:817-28. [PMID: 21362502 PMCID: PMC3111960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cervical mucus plug (CMP) differs from the cervical secretions of non-pregnant women, and is the ultimate sealant of the uterine cavity during pregnancy. Although several studies have analyzed biochemical properties of large glycoproteins in the CMP, comprehensive information about its protein composition is yet unavailable. We hypothesized that protein profiling of the CMP could provide key clues to its physiological functions in pregnancy. For this purpose, five CMPs obtained from women in labor at term were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Out of 291 total proteins identified, 137 were detected in two or more samples, which included S100A8, S100A9, and complement proteins (C3, C4a, C4b, C6, and C8g). Several proteins, which have not been described in the cervical mucus of non-pregnant women or in cervicovaginal fluids, such as CD81 antigen and pregnancy zone protein, were also identified. Gene ontology analysis of identified proteins showed significant enrichment of 28 biological processes such as 'activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response' and 'positive regulation of cholesterol esterification'. We report the proteome of CMPs from pregnant women at term for the first time, and the overall findings strongly suggest an important role for the CMP in the maintenance of pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deug-Chan Lee
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Caruso
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul M. Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lea Kirstine Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Novel nanotechnology approaches to diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Heng YJ, Di Quinzio MKW, Permezel M, Rice GE, Georgiou HM. Cystatin A protease inhibitor and cysteine proteases in human cervicovaginal fluid in term pregnancy and labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:254.e1-7. [PMID: 21167469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal changes in immunoreactive cystatin A and the enzymatic activity of cathepsins B, H, L, and S in human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) in late pregnancy and spontaneous labor. STUDY DESIGN CVF was collected weekly (n = 95 women) from 36 weeks gestation until spontaneous term labor. Cystatin A was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The enzyme activity of cathepsins B, H, L, and S was measured with fluorometric enzyme assay kits. RESULTS Cystatin A significantly decreased towards (P = .016, 2-way analysis of variance) and during labor (P < .001, 2-way analysis of variance). Enzymatic activity of cathepsins B, H, and S did not change with labor onset (P = .452, P = .703, P = .411, respectively, 2-way analysis of variance). CONCLUSION In late gestation, CVF-decreased expression of the cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin A, is associated with labor. Although the role and contribution of cystatin A to increased extracellular matrix remodeling has yet to be elucidated, the data that were obtained are consistent with this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J Heng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zegels G, Van Raemdonck GA, Tjalma WA, Van Ostade XW. Use of cervicovaginal fluid for the identification of biomarkers for pathologies of the female genital tract. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:63. [PMID: 21143851 PMCID: PMC3016264 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervicovaginal fluid has an important function in the homeostasis and immunity of the lower female genital tract. Analysis of the cervicovaginal fluid proteome may therefore yield important information about the pathogenesis of numerous gynecological pathologies. Additionally, cervicovaginal fluid has great potential as a source of biomarkers for these conditions. This review provides a detailed discussion about the human cervicovaginal proteome and the proteomics studies performed to characterize this biological fluid. Furthermore, infection-correlated pathological conditions of the female genital tract are discussed for which cervicovaginal fluid has been used in order to identify potential biomarkers. Recent years, numerous studies have analyzed cervicovaginal fluid samples utilizing antibody-based technologies, such as ELISA or Western blotting, to identify biomarkers for preterm birth, premature preterm rupture of membranes, bacterial vaginosis and cervical cancer. The present article will discuss the importance of proteomic technologies as alternative techniques to gain additional meaningful information about these conditions. In addition, the review focuses on recent proteomic studies on cervicovaginal fluid samples for the identification of potential biomarkers. We conclude that the use of proteomic technology for analysis of human cervicovaginal fluid samples is promising and may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers which can improve disease prevention and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Zegels
- Laboratory of Proteinscience, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Teng PN, Bateman NW, Hood BL, Conrads TP. Advances in proximal fluid proteomics for disease biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6091-100. [PMID: 21028795 DOI: 10.1021/pr100904q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although serum/plasma has been the preferred source for identification of disease biomarkers, these efforts have been met with little success, in large part due the relatively small number of highly abundant proteins that render the reliable detection of low abundant disease-related proteins challenging due to the expansive dynamic range of concentration of proteins in this sample. Proximal fluid, the fluid derived from the extracellular milieu of tissues, contains a large repertoire of shed and secreted proteins that are likely to be present at higher concentrations relative to plasma/serum. It is hypothesized that many, if not all, proximal fluid proteins exchange with peripheral circulation, which has provided significant motivation for utilizing proximal fluids as a primary sample source for protein biomarker discovery. The present review highlights recent advances in proximal fluid proteomics, including the various protocols utilized to harvest proximal fluids along with detailing the results from mass spectrometry- and antibody-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-ning Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Romero R, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Gomez R, Nien JK, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Luo J, Banks D, Ryals J, Beecher C. Metabolomics in premature labor: a novel approach to identify patients at risk for preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:1344-59. [PMID: 20504069 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.482618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biomarkers for preterm labor (PTL) and delivery can be discovered through the analysis of the transcriptome (transcriptomics) and protein composition (proteomics). Characterization of the global changes in low-molecular weight compounds which constitute the 'metabolic network' of cells (metabolome) is now possible by using a 'metabolomics' approach. Metabolomic profiling has special advantages over transcriptomics and proteomics since the metabolic network is downstream from gene expression and protein synthesis, and thus more closely reflects cell activity at a functional level. This study was conducted to determine if metabolomic profiling of the amniotic fluid can identify women with spontaneous PTL at risk for preterm delivery, regardless of the presence or absence of intraamniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). STUDY DESIGN Two retrospective cross-sectional studies were conducted, including three groups of pregnant women with spontaneous PTL and intact membranes: (1) PTL who delivered at term; (2) PTL without IAI who delivered preterm; and (3) PTL with IAI who delivered preterm. The first was an exploratory study that included 16, 19, and 20 patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The second study included 40, 33, and 40 patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Amniotic fluid metabolic profiling was performed by combining chemical separation (with gas and liquid chromatography) and mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified using authentic standards. The data were analyzed using discriminant analysis for the first study and Random Forest for the second. RESULTS (1) In the first study, metabolomic profiling of the amniotic fluid was able to identify patients as belonging to the correct clinical group with an overall 96.3% (53/55) accuracy; 15 of 16 patients with PTL who delivered at term were correctly classified; all patients with PTL without IAI who delivered preterm neonates were correctly identified as such (19/19), while 19/20 patients with PTL and IAI were correctly classified. (2) In the second study, metabolomic profiling was able to identify patients as belonging to the correct clinical group with an accuracy of 88.5% (100/113); 39 of 40 patients with PTL who delivered at term were correctly classified; 29 of 33 patients with PTL without IAI who delivered preterm neonates were correctly classified. Among patients with PTL and IAI, 32/40 were correctly classified. The metabolites responsible for the classification of patients in different clinical groups were identified. A preliminary draft of the human amniotic fluid metabolome was generated and found to contain products of the intermediate metabolism of mammalian cells and xenobiotic compounds (e.g. bacterial products and Salicylamide). CONCLUSION Among patients with spontaneous PTL with intact membranes, metabolic profiling of the amniotic fluid can be used to assess the risk of preterm delivery in the presence or absence of infection/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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O'Hanlon DE, Lanier BR, Moench TR, Cone RA. Cervicovaginal fluid and semen block the microbicidal activity of hydrogen peroxide produced by vaginal lactobacilli. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:120. [PMID: 20482854 PMCID: PMC2887447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2O2 produced by vaginal lactobacilli is believed to protect against infection, and H2O2-producing lactobacilli inactivate pathogens in vitro in protein-free salt solution. However, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and semen have significant H2O2-blocking activity. METHODS We measured the H2O2 concentration of CVF and the H2O2-blocking activity of CVF and semen using fluorescence and in vitro bacterial-exposure experiments. RESULTS The mean H2O2 measured in fully aerobic CVF was 23 +/- 5 microM; however, 50 microM H2O2 in salt solution showed no in vitro inactivation of HSV-2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hemophilus ducreyii, or any of six BV-associated bacteria. CVF reduced 1 mM added H2O2 to an undetectable level, while semen reduced 10 mM added H2O2 to undetectable. Moreover, the addition of just 1% CVF supernatant abolished in vitro pathogen-inactivation by H2O2-producing lactobacilli. CONCLUSIONS Given the H2O2-blocking activity of CVF and semen, it is implausible that H2O2-production by vaginal lactobacilli is a significant mechanism of protection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E O'Hanlon
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Blair R Lanier
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Richard A Cone
- Mucosal Protection Laboratory, Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- ReProtect, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21286, USA
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Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers in women worldwide. Discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer would improve current screening practices and reduce the burden of disease. Objective In this study, we report characterization of the human cervical mucous proteome as the first step towards protein biomarker discovery. Methods The protein composition was characterized using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We chose to use this combination of traditional biochemical techniques and proteomics to allow a more comprehensive analysis. Results and Conclusion A total of 107 unique proteins were identified, with plasma proteins being most abundant. These proteins represented the major functional categories of metabolism, immune response, and cellular transport. Removal of high molecular weight abundant proteins by immunoaffinity purification did not significantly increase the number of protein spots resolved. We also analyzed phosphorylated and glycosylated proteins by fluorescent post-staining procedures. The profiling of cervical mucous proteins and their post-translational modifications can be used to further our understanding of the cervical mucous proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Panicker
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, & Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Yiming Ye
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, & Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, & Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, & Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
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Heng YJ, Di Quinzio MKW, Permezel M, Ayhan M, Rice GE, Georgiou HM. Temporal Proteomic Analysis of Human Cervicovaginal Fluid with Impending Term Labor. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1344-50. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan K. W. Di Quinzio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Permezel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mustafa Ayhan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry M. Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Proteomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Translational Proteomics, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shah SJ, Yu KH, Sangar V, Parry SI, Blair IA. Identification and quantification of preterm birth biomarkers in human cervicovaginal fluid by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2407-17. [PMID: 19271751 DOI: 10.1021/pr8010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) before 37 completed weeks of gestation resulting from preterm labor (PTL) is a leading contributor of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of at-risk women by reliable screening tests could alleviate this health issue; however, conventional methods such as obstetric history and clinical risk factors, uterine activity monitoring, biochemical markers, and cervical sonography for screening women at risk for PTB have proven unsuccessful in lowering the rate of PTB. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) might prove to be a useful, readily available biological fluid for identifying diagnostic PTB biomarkers. Human columnar epithelial endocervical-1 (End1) and vaginal (Vk2) cell secretomes were employed to generate a stable isotope labeled proteome (SILAP) standard to facilitate characterization and relative quantification of proteins present in CVF. The SILAP standard was prepared using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of End1 and Vk2 through seven passages. The labeled secreted proteins from both cell lines were combined and characterized by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 1211 proteins were identified in the End1-Vk2 SILAP standard, with 236 proteins being consistently identified in each of the replicates analyzed. Individual proteins were found to contain <0.5% of the endogenous unlabeled forms. Identified proteins were screened to provide a set of 15 candidates that have either previously been identified as potential PTB biomarkers or could be linked mechanistically to PTB. Stable isotope dilution LC-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM/MS) assays were then developed for conducting relative quantification of the 15 candidate biomarkers in human CVF samples from term and PTB cases. Three proteins were significantly elevated in PTB cases (desmoplakin isoform 1, stratifin, and thrombospondin 1 precursor), providing a foundation for further validation in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Shah
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
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Choolani M, Narasimhan K, Kolla V, Hahn S. Proteomic technologies for prenatal diagnostics: advances and challenges ahead. Expert Rev Proteomics 2009; 6:87-101. [PMID: 19210129 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.6.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics-based identification of biomarkers for fetal abnormalities in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid and reproductive fluids has made significant progress in the past 5 years. This is attributed mainly to advances in various technology platforms associated with mass spectrometry-based techniques. As these techniques are highly sensitive and require only small quantities of body fluids, it is hoped that they will pave the way for the development of effective noninvasive approaches, without subjecting the developing fetus to the same degree of harm as current invasive procedures (e.g., amniocentesis). It is possible that these developments will include same-day analyses, thereby permitting rapid intervention when necessary. To date, a host of body fluids, such as maternal serum and plasma, amniotic fluid, cervical fluid, vaginal fluid, urine, saliva or fetal material, such as placental trophoblast, fetal membranes or cord blood, have been used successfully in the quest to develop markers for a number of pregnancy-related pathologies. In the current review update we focus on the emergence of proteomics as a major platform technology in studying various types of fetal conditions and developing markers for pregnancy-related disorders, such fetal aneuploidy, preterm birth, preeclampsia, intra-amniotic infection and fetal stress. Should the development of these markers be successful, then it is to be envisaged that proteomic approaches will become standard of care for a number of disease conditions associated with feto-maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Choolani
- Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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Zegels G, Van Raemdonck GAA, Coen EP, Tjalma WAA, Van Ostade XWM. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human cervical-vaginal fluid using colposcopy samples. Proteome Sci 2009; 7:17. [PMID: 19374746 PMCID: PMC2678104 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF) plays an important role in the prevention of gynecological infections, although little is known about the contribution of CVF proteins to the immunity of the lower female genital tract. In order to analyze the protein composition of human CVF, we used CVF samples that are routinely collected during colposcopy, but are usually discarded. Since these samples are available in large quantities we aimed to analyze their usefulness for proteomics experiments. The samples were analyzed using different prefractionation techniques (ultrafiltration and C4(RP)-LC protein separation) followed by C18(RP)-LC peptide separation and identification by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. To determine the reproducibility of this proteomics platform we analyzed three technical replicates. Using spectral counting, protein abundances were estimated in a semiquantitative way. We also compared the results obtained in this study with those from previous studies derived from patients with different physiological conditions in order to determine an overlapping protein set. Results In total, we were able to identify 339 proteins in human CVF of which 151 proteins were not identified in any other proteomics study on human CVF so far. Those included antimicrobial peptides, such as human beta-defensin 2 and cathelicidin, which were known to be present in CVF, and endometrial proteins such as glycodelin and ribonucleoprotein A. Comparison of our results with previously published data led to the identification of a common protein set of 136 proteins. This overlapping protein set shows increased fractions of immunological and extracellular proteins, confirming the extracellular immunological role of CVF. Conclusion We demonstrated here that CVF colposcopy samples can be used in proteomics experiments and hence are applicable for biomarker discovery experiments. The delineation of an overlapping set of proteins that is identified in most proteomics studies on CVF may help in the description of a reference proteome when performing proteomics studies on human CVF.
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Rohan LC, Sassi AB. Vaginal drug delivery systems for HIV prevention. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:78-87. [PMID: 19194802 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbicides have become a principal focus for HIV prevention strategies. The successful design of drug delivery systems for vaginal microbicide drug candidates brings with it a multitude of challenges. It is imperative that the chemical and physical characteristics of the drug candidate and its mechanism of action be clearly understood and considered to successfully deliver and target drug candidates efficiently. In addition, an understanding of the dynamic nature of the vaginal environment, the tissue and innate barriers present, as well as patient preferences are critical considerations in the design of effective microbicide products. Although the majority of drug candidates clinically evaluated to date have been delivered using conventional semisolid aqueous-based gel dosage forms, drug delivery system design has recently been extended to include advanced delivery systems such as vaginal rings, quick-dissolve films, and tablets. Ultimately, it may be necessary to develop multiple dosage platforms for a single active agent to provide users with options that can be used within the constraints of their social environment, personal choice, and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cencia Rohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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