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Cho SB. Molecular Mechanisms of Endometriosis Revealed Using Omics Data. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2210. [PMID: 37626707 PMCID: PMC10452455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder prevalent in women of reproductive age. The primary symptoms include dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, and infertility. However, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, various omics experiments have been conducted to identify genes related to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis using omics. When genes identified in omics experiments were compared with endometriosis disease genes identified in independent studies, the number of overlapping genes was moderate. However, the characteristics of these genes were found to be equivalent when functional gene set enrichment analysis was performed using gene ontology and biological pathway information. These findings indicate that omics technology provides invaluable information regarding the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Moreover, the functional characteristics revealed using enrichment analysis provide important clues for discovering endometriosis disease genes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Ullah A, Wang MJ, Wang YX, Shen B. CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in immunological disorders: Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166704. [PMID: 37001703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive health is a worldwide challenge, but it is of particular significance to women during their reproductive age. Several female reproductive problems, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, affect about 10 % of women and have a negative impact on their health, fertility, and quality of life. Small, chemotactic, and secreted cytokines are CXC chemokines. Both PCOS and endometriosis demonstrate dysregulation of CXC chemokines, which are critical to the development and progression of both diseases. Recent research has shown that both in humans and animals, CXC chemokines tend to cause inflammation. It has also been found that CXC chemokines are necessary for promoting angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. CXC chemokine overexpression is frequently associated with poor survival and prognosis. CXC chemokine levels in PCOS and endometriosis patients impact their circumstances significantly. Hence, CXC chemokines have significant potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The molecular mechanisms through which CXC chemokines promote inflammation and the development of PCOS and endometriosis are currently unknown. This article will discuss the functions of CXC chemokines in the promotion, development, and therapy of PCOS and endometriosis, as well as future research directions. The current state and future prospects of CXC chemokine -based therapeutic strategies in the management of PCOS and endometriosis are also highlighted.
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Yasuo T, Kitaya K. Challenges in Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Endometritis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2711. [PMID: 36359553 PMCID: PMC9689541 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a local mucosal infectious and inflammatory disorder characterized by unusual filtration of CD138(+) endometrial stromal plasmacytes. CE is attracting attention due to its potential association with infertility of unknown etiology, repeated implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and several maternal/neonatal complications. Due to the variance in study design among researchers, universal diagnostic criteria remain to be established for the clinical diagnosis and management of CE. This review article aims to summarize current knowledge and provide insights into unsolved questions on CE to establish clinical guidelines for the disease from the viewpoint of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Yasuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu 520-0804, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kitaya
- Infertility Center, Kouseikai Mihara Hospital/Katsura Mihara Clinic, 6–8 Kamikatsura Miyanogo-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8227, Japan
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Ullah A, Pervaz S, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Czika A, Guo M, Wang MJ, Wang YX. CXCL13 and CXCR5 are upregulated in PCOS mice ovaries but downregulated following metformin administration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111730. [PMID: 35921919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is becoming a common pathology among women, yet its pathogenesis remains enigmatic. The chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor type 5 (CXCR5) regulate inflammatory responses but their roles in PCOS remain unknown. Metformin is commonly administered to PCOS patients but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5 in the ovaries of PCOS mice and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of metformin on them. The study comprised four groups of mice: control, PCOS, PCOS plus metformin, and PCOS plus vehicle. CXCL13 and CXCR5 were found to be elevated in the ovarian tissues of the PCOS mice. Metformin reduced ovarian CXCL13 and CXCR5 expressions in the PCOS mice. Hence, CXCL13 and CXCR5 are potentially involved in PCOS pathogenesis; and metformin may help alleviate the symptoms of PCOS by inhibiting CXCL13 expression and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Czika
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Physiology of School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jiao Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology of School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Park Y, Demessie AA, Luo A, Taratula OR, Moses AS, Do P, Campos L, Jahangiri Y, Wyatt CR, Albarqi HA, Farsad K, Slayden OD, Taratula O. Targeted Nanoparticles with High Heating Efficiency for the Treatment of Endometriosis with Systemically Delivered Magnetic Hyperthermia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107808. [PMID: 35434932 PMCID: PMC9232988 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a devastating disease in which endometrial-like tissue forms lesions outside the uterus. It causes infertility and severe pelvic pain in ≈176 million women worldwide, and there is currently no cure for this disease. Magnetic hyperthermia could potentially eliminate widespread endometriotic lesions but has not previously been considered for treatment because conventional magnetic nanoparticles have relatively low heating efficiency and can only provide ablation temperatures (>46 °C) following direct intralesional injection. This study is the first to describe nanoparticles that enable systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia for endometriosis treatment. When subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), these hexagonal iron-oxide nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary heating efficiency that is 6.4× greater than their spherical counterparts. Modifying nanoparticles with a peptide targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) enhances their endometriosis specificity. Studies in mice bearing transplants of macaque endometriotic tissue reveal that, following intravenous injection at a low dose (3 mg per kg), these nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in endometriotic lesions, selectively elevate intralesional temperature above 50 °C upon exposure to external AMF, and completely eradicate them with a single treatment. These nanoparticles also demonstrate promising potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for precise detection of endometriotic tissue before AMF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngrong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Ananiya A Demessie
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Addie Luo
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue Beaverton, Portland, Oregon, 97006, USA
| | - Olena R Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Abraham S Moses
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Peter Do
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Leonardo Campos
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Younes Jahangiri
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Cory R Wyatt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Hassan A Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khashayar Farsad
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue Beaverton, Portland, Oregon, 97006, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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Wu J, Fang X, Xia X. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways associated with Endometriosis by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3425-3436. [PMID: 34522169 PMCID: PMC8436105 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.63541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder with high rates of infertility and pelvic pain. However, its pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate potential hub genes and key pathways associated with endometriosis in ectopic endometrium (EC) and eutopic endometrium (EU). Material and Method: EC and EU-associated microarray datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to obtain further biological insight into the EU and EC-associated genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find clinically significant modules of highly-correlated genes. The hub genes that belong to both the weighted gene co-expression network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified using a Venn diagram. Results: We obtained EC and EU-associated microarray datasets GSE7305 and GSE120103. Genes in the EC were mainly enriched in the immune response and immune cell trafficking, and genes in the EU were mainly enriched in stress response and steroid hormone biosynthesis. PPI networks and weighted gene co-expression networks were constructed. An EC-associated blue module and an EU-associated magenta module were identified, and their function annotations revealed that hormone receptor signaling or inflammatory microenvironments may promote EU passing through the oviducts and migrating to the ovarian surfaces, and adhesion and immune correlated genes may induce the successful ectopic implantation of the endometrium (EC). Twelve hub genes in the EC and sixteen hub genes in the EU were recognized and further validated in independent datasets. Conclusion: Our study identified, for the first time, the hub genes and enrichment pathways in the EC and EU using WGCNA, which may provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis and have important clinical implications for the treatment and diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Suthaporn S, Jayaprakasan K, Thornton J, Walker K, Medrano JH, Castellanos M, May S, Polanski L, Raine-Fenning N, Maalouf WE. Suboptimal mid-luteal progesterone concentrations are associated with aberrant endometrial gene expression, potentially resulting in implantation failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:595-608. [PMID: 33608186 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the difference in endometrial transcriptomics between women with normal and with low mid-luteal progesterone during the implantation window? DESIGN An endometrial biopsy and serum progesterone concentration were taken from participants during the mid-luteal phase (LH+7 to LH+9). A total of 12 participants were recruited and categorized into two groups based on their progesterone concentrations: normal progesterone (>15 ng/ml, n = 6) and low progesterone (<15 ng/ml, n = 6). Global endometrial gene expression between the two groups was compared by microarray techniques. Principal component analysis was used to display the gene's expression pattern. Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis were performed to determine the biological mechanism of progesterone on the endometrium. RESULTS Several key genes related to endometrial receptivity were found to be regulated by progesterone. With regard to gene ontology and pathway analysis, progesterone was shown to be mainly involved in structure morphogenesis predominantly during a process of decidualization, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and cell adhesion. Distinct differences were observed in the transcriptomic profiles between the two groups, indicating potential impairment of endometrial receptivity in women with suboptimal progesterone concentrations. There was a relatively similar pattern of gene expression between endometrial samples with progesterone concentrations approximately 10 ng/ml and >15 ng/ml. Thus, a progesterone concentration of between 10 and 15 ng/ml appears to be sufficient to induce endometrial receptivity. CONCLUSIONS Abnormally low progesterone below the threshold of 10-15 ng/ml during the implantation window results in aberrant endometrial gene expression that may affect implantation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutham Suthaporn
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Jim Thornton
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate Walker
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez Medrano
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcos Castellanos
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sean May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lukasz Polanski
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nick Raine-Fenning
- Nurture Fertility, The East Midlands Fertility Centre, Bostocks Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - Walid E Maalouf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Bimber BN, Yan MY, Peterson SM, Ferguson B. mGAP: the macaque genotype and phenotype resource, a framework for accessing and interpreting macaque variant data, and identifying new models of human disease. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:176. [PMID: 30841849 PMCID: PMC6402181 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-human primates (NHPs), particularly macaques, serve as critical and highly relevant pre-clinical models of human disease. The similarity in human and macaque natural disease susceptibility, along with parallel genetic risk alleles, underscores the value of macaques in the development of effective treatment strategies. Nonetheless, there are limited genomic resources available to support the exploration and discovery of macaque models of inherited disease. Notably, there are few public databases tailored to searching NHP sequence variants, and no other database making use of centralized variant calling, or providing genotype-level data and predicted pathogenic effects for each variant. Results The macaque Genotype And Phenotype (mGAP) resource is the first public website providing searchable, annotated macaque variant data. The mGAP resource includes a catalog of high confidence variants, derived from whole genome sequence (WGS). The current mGAP release at time of publication (1.7) contains 17,087,212 variants based on the sequence analysis of 293 rhesus macaques. A custom pipeline was developed to enable annotation of the macaque variants, leveraging human data sources that include regulatory elements (ENCODE, RegulomeDB), known disease- or phenotype-associated variants (GRASP), predicted impact (SIFT, PolyPhen2), and sequence conservation (Phylop, PhastCons). Currently mGAP includes 2767 variants that are identical to alleles listed in the human ClinVar database, of which 276 variants, spanning 258 genes, are identified as pathogenic. An additional 12,472 variants are predicted as high impact (SnpEff) and 13,129 are predicted as damaging (PolyPhen2). In total, these variants are predicted to be associated with more than 2000 human disease or phenotype entries reported in OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). Importantly, mGAP also provides genotype-level data for all subjects, allowing identification of specific individuals harboring alleles of interest. Conclusions The mGAP resource provides variant and genotype data from hundreds of rhesus macaques, processed in a consistent manner across all subjects (https://mgap.ohsu.edu). Together with the extensive variant annotations, mGAP presents unprecedented opportunity to investigate potential genetic associations with currently characterized disease models, and to uncover new macaque models based on parallels with human risk alleles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5559-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Bimber
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Division of Pathobiology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Melissa Y Yan
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Samuel M Peterson
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Betsy Ferguson
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA. .,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA. .,Molecular and Medical Genetics Department, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Han J, Yoo I, Lee S, Jung W, Kim HJ, Hyun SH, Lee E, Ka H. Atypical chemokine receptors 1, 2, 3 and 4: Expression and regulation in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and with somatic cell nucleus transfer-cloned embryos in pigs. Theriogenology 2019; 129:121-129. [PMID: 30844653 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) 1, ACKR2, ACKR3, and ACKR4, chemokine decoy receptors that lack G-protein-mediated signaling pathways, internalize and degrade chemokines to control their availability and function. Chemokines play important roles in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, but the expression and regulation of ACKRs have not been determined in pigs. Therefore, we examined the expression of ACKRs in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy and in conceptus tissues in pigs. ACKR1, ACKR2, ACKR3, and ACKR4 mRNA was expressed in the endometrium, with higher levels of ACKR3 on day 12 of the estrous cycle than in pregnancy and higher levels of ACKR4 on day 15 of pregnancy than in the estrous cycle. ACKR1, ACKR2, and ACKR3, but not ACKR4, mRNA was detected in conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. ACKR2 and ACKR3 mRNA and ACKR4 protein were mainly localized to luminal epithelial cells and weakly to glandular epithelial cells in the endometrium. Increasing doses of progesterone increased the expression of ACKR2 and ACKR4 and decreased the expression of ACKR3 in endometrial tissues. On day 12 of pregnancy, the expression of ACKR4 mRNA was lower in the endometria of gilts with somatic cell nucleus transfer-derived conceptuses than in the endometria of gilts carrying conceptuses derived from natural mating. These results indicate that the expression of ACKRs is dynamically regulated at the maternal-conceptus interface, suggesting that ACKR proteins might play critical roles in regulating endometrial chemokines to support the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Jung
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Greene AD, Kendziorski JA, Buckholz JM, Niu L, Xie C, Pinney SM, Burns KA. Elevated serum chemokines are independently associated with both endometriosis and uranium exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 84:26-31. [PMID: 30579999 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex disease impacted by the hormonal and immune systems. Cytokines and chemokines are serum biomarkers that maybe useful to develop a noninvasive disease diagnosis. Individuals in the Fernald Community Cohort were exposed to uranium, a heavy metal with radioactive properties and estrogenic potential; therefore, serum samples from women in this cohort with or without uranium and with or without endometriosis were compared for alterations in chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels. Control women were matched to endometriosis cases by uranium exposure, age, and body mass index. MMP levels were not altered. Five chemokines and one cytokine significantly increased in endometriosis cases versus controls irrespective of uranium exposure. Uranium exposure alone was associated with an increase in inflammatory chemokines. The majority of the elevated chemokines in endometriosis cases play important roles in attracting T helper-2 cells, which may be vital to understanding the immune response in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Greene
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jessica A Kendziorski
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jeanette M Buckholz
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Katherine A Burns
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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11
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Gong Q, Zhu Y, Pang N, Ai H, Gong X, La X, Ding J. Increased levels of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5 + CD4 + T cells, and associated factors Bcl-6, CXCR5, IL-21 and IL-6 contribute to repeated implantation failure. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5931-5941. [PMID: 29285142 PMCID: PMC5740606 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) can be used by infertile couples to assist with reproduction; however, failure of the embryo to implant into the endometrial lining results in failure of the IVF treatment. The present study investigated the expression of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)(lo) programmed death-1(PD-1)(hi) chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)+ cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells and associated factors in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). A total of 30 females with RIF and 30 healthy females were enrolled in the current study. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood. Cytokine bead arrays were performed to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, −4 and −2 in the serum. ELISAs were used to detect the level of IL-21 in the serum. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) and IL-21 in the endometrium. The results revealed that the percentage of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells was increased in the RIF group compared with the control group during the mid luteal phase. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-6, IL-21 and CXCR5 in the endometrium and the concentrations of IL-21 and IL-6 in the serum were significantly increased in the RIF group; however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in regards to the expression of IL-4 and IL-2. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was identified between the percentage of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells and IL-21 and IL-6 levels. The expression of IL-21 also had a positive correlation with Bcl-6 and CXCR5 expression in the RIF group. These results suggest that increased levels of CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells and associated factors contribute to RIF and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Gong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Haiquan Ai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin La
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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mTORC1/2 inhibition preserves ovarian function and fertility during genotoxic chemotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3186-3191. [PMID: 28270607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617233114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovary contains oocytes within immature (primordial) follicles that are fixed in number at birth. Activation of follicles within this fixed pool causes an irreversible decline in reproductive capacity, known as the ovarian reserve, until menopause. Premenopausal women undergoing commonly used genotoxic (DNA-damaging) chemotherapy experience an accelerated loss of the ovarian reserve, leading to subfertility and infertility. Therefore, there is considerable interest but little effective progress in preserving ovarian function during chemotherapy. Here we show that blocking the kinase mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) with clinically available small-molecule inhibitors preserves ovarian function and fertility during chemotherapy. Using a clinically relevant mouse model of chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity by cyclophosphamide, and inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) with the clinically approved drug everolimus (RAD001) or inhibition of mTORC1/2 with the experimental drug INK128, we show that mTOR inhibition preserves the ovarian reserve, primordial follicle counts, serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels (a rigorous measure of the ovarian reserve), and fertility. Chemotherapy-treated animals had significantly fewer offspring compared with all other treatment groups, whereas cotreatment with mTOR inhibitors preserved normal fertility. Inhibition of mTORC1 or mTORC1/2 within ovaries was achieved during chemotherapy cotreatment, concomitant with preservation of primordial follicle counts. Importantly, our findings indicate that as little as a two- to fourfold reduction in mTOR activity preserves ovarian function and normal birth numbers. As everolimus is approved for tamoxifen-resistant or relapsing estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, these findings represent a potentially effective and readily accessible pharmacologic approach to fertility preservation during conventional chemotherapy.
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Integrative Analyses of Uterine Transcriptome and MicroRNAome Reveal Compromised LIF-STAT3 Signaling and Progesterone Response in the Endometrium of Patients with Recurrent/Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157696. [PMID: 27304912 PMCID: PMC4909214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate two-way interactions between the implantation-competent blastocyst and receptive uterus are prerequisite for successful embryo implantation. In humans, recurrent/repeated implantation failure (RIF) may occur due to altered uterine receptivity with aberrant gene expression in the endometrium as well as genetic defects in embryos. Several studies have been performed to understand dynamic changes of uterine transcriptome during menstrual cycles in humans. However, uterine transcriptome of the patients with RIF has not been clearly investigated yet. Here we show that several signaling pathways as well as many genes and microRNAs are dysregulated in the endometrium of patients with RIF (RIFE). Whereas unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that overall mRNA and microRNA profiles of RIFE were similar to those of endometria of healthy women, many genes were significantly dysregulated in RIFE (cut off at 1.5 fold change). The majority (~75%) of differentially expressed genes in RIFE including S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P), Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) and SIX homeobox 1 (SIX1) were down-regulated, suggesting that reduced uterine expression of these genes is associated with RIF. Gene Set Enrichment analyses (GSEA) for mRNA microarrays revealed that various signaling pathways including Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling and a P4 response were dysregulated in RIFE although expression levels of Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and Progesterone receptor (PR) were not significantly altered in RIFE. Furthermore, expression and phosphorylation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are reduced and a gene set associated with Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway is systemically down-regulated in these patients. Pairwise analyses of microRNA arrays with prediction of dysregulated microRNAs based on mRNA expression datasets demonstrated that 6 microRNAs are aberrantly regulated in RIFE. Collectively, we here suggest that dysregulation of several major signaling pathways and genes critical for uterine biology and embryo implantation may lead to uterine abnormalities in patients with RIF.
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Human Decidual Stromal Cells as a Component of the Implantation Niche and a Modulator of Maternal Immunity. J Pregnancy 2016; 2016:8689436. [PMID: 27239344 PMCID: PMC4864559 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8689436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human decidua is a specialized tissue characterized by embryo-receptive properties. It is formed during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle from uterine mucosa termed endometrium. The decidua is composed of glands, immune cells, blood and lymph vessels, and decidual stromal cells (DSCs). In the process of decidualization, which is controlled by oestrogen and progesterone, DSCs acquire specific functions related to recognition, selection, and acceptance of the allogeneic embryo, as well as to development of maternal immune tolerance. In this review we discuss the relationship between the decidualization of DSCs and pathological obstetrical and gynaecological conditions. Moreover, the critical influence of DSCs on local immune cells populations as well as their relationship to the onset and maintenance of immune tolerance is described.
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Grigsby PL. Animal Models to Study Placental Development and Function throughout Normal and Dysfunctional Human Pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34:11-6. [PMID: 26752715 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of placental development and function are known to underlie many pathologies of pregnancy, including spontaneous preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. A growing body of evidence also underscores the importance of placental dysfunction in the lifelong health of both mother and offspring. However, our knowledge regarding placental structure and function throughout pregnancy remains limited. Understanding the temporal growth and functionality of the human placenta throughout the entirety of gestation is important if we are to gain a better understanding of placental dysfunction. The utilization of new technologies and imaging techniques that could enable safe monitoring of placental growth and function in vivo has become a major focus area for the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, as evident by the establishment of the "Human Placenta Project." Many of the objectives of the Human Placenta Project will necessitate preclinical studies and testing in appropriately designed animal models that can be readily translated to the clinical setting. This review will describe the advantages and limitations of relevant animals such as the guinea pig, sheep, and nonhuman primate models that have been used to study the role of the placenta in fetal growth disorders, preeclampsia, or other maternal diseases during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta L Grigsby
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
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