A Review: Halogenated Compounds from Marine Fungi

Marine fungi produce many halogenated metabolites with a variety of structures, from acyclic entities with a simple linear chain to multifaceted polycyclic molecules. Over the past few decades, their pharmaceutical and medical application have been explored and still the door is kept open due to the need of new drugs from relatively underexplored sources. Biological properties of halogenated compounds such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antifouling, and insecticidal activity have been investigated. This review describes the chemical structures and biological activities of 217 halogenated compounds derived mainly from Penicillium and Aspergillus marine fungal strains reported from 1994 to 2019.

Major Constituents of the Predominant Endophytic Fungi from the Nigerian Plants Bryophyllum Pinnatum, Morinda Lucida and Jathropha Gossypiifolia

In a chemical screening of fungal strains endophytic to Nigerian plants, Diaporthe phaseolorum, the endophyte of Bryophyllum pinnatum, gave cytochalasin D and (3 R,4 R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-tetralone, Neurospora discreta from Morinda lucida yielded multiforisin I and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, while Aspergillus japonicus from Jatropha gossypiifolia gave (+)-eupenoxide and microsphaerone C, a new 4-pyridone derivative. When tested for cytotoxic activity, cytochalasin D displayed strong activity towards the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y, while the remaining compounds, except 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, were found to be moderately active.