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Carreño-González AJ, Liberato JL, Celani MVB, Lopes NP, Lopes JLC, Gobbo-Neto L, Fontana ACK, Dos Santos WF. Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against oxidative stress in rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6989-6999. [PMID: 38625552 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a condition marked by sudden, self-sustained, and recurring brain events, showcasing unique electro-clinical and neuropathological phenomena that can alter the structure and functioning of the brain, resulting in diverse manifestations. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can be very effective in 30% of patients in controlling seizures. Several factors contribute to this: drug resistance, individual variability, side effects, complexity of epilepsy, incomplete understanding, comorbidities, drug interactions, and no adherence to treatment. Therefore, research into new AEDs is important for several reasons such as improved efficacy, reduced side effects, expanded treatment options, treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, improved safety profiles, targeted therapies, and innovation and progress. Animal models serve as crucial biological tools for comprehending neuronal damage and aiding in the discovery of more effective new AEDs. The utilization of antioxidant agents that act on the central nervous system may serve as a supplementary approach in the secondary prevention of epilepsy, both in laboratory animals and potentially in humans. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a significant compound, widely prevalent in numerous medicinal and food plants, exhibiting an extensive spectrum of biological activities such as neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, among others. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of commercially available CGA in Wistar rats submitted to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model. After 72-h induction of SE, rats received thiopental and were treated for three consecutive days (1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses). Next, brains were collected and studied histologically for viable cells in the hippocampus with staining for cresyl-violet (Nissl staining) and for degenerating cells with Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Moreover, to evaluate oxidative stress, the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified. Rats administered with CGA (30 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant decrease of 59% in the number of hippocampal cell loss in the CA3, and of 48% in the hilus layers after SE. A significant reduction of 75% in the cell loss in the CA3, shown by FJC+ staining, was also observed with the administration of CGA (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, significant decreases of 49% in MDA production and 72% in the activity of SOD were seen, when compared to animals subjected to SE that received vehicle. This study introduces a novel finding: the administration of CGA at a dosage of 30 mg/kg effectively reduced oxidative stress induced by lithium-pilocarpine, with its effects lasting until the peak of neural damage 72 h following the onset of SE. Overall, the research and development of new AEDs are essential for advancing epilepsy treatment, improving patient outcomes, and ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberth Jonnathan Carreño-González
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Batista Celani
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luís Callegari Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Santoscoy-Berber LS, Antunes-Ricardo M, Gallegos-Granados MZ, García-Ramos JC, Pestryakov A, Toledano-Magaña Y, Bogdanchikova N, Chavez-Santoscoy RA. Treatment with Argovit ® Silver Nanoparticles Induces Differentiated Postharvest Biosynthesis of Compounds with Pharmaceutical Interest in Carrot ( Daucus carota L.). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113148. [PMID: 34835912 PMCID: PMC8621433 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global market for plant-derived bioactive compounds is growing significantly. The use of plant secondary metabolites has been reported to be used for the prevention of chronic diseases. Silver nanoparticles were used to analyze the content of enhancement phenolic compounds in carrots. Carrot samples were immersed in different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/L) of each of five types of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for 3 min. Spectrophotometric methods measured the total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity. The individual phenolic compounds were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and identified by –mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The five types of AgNPs could significantly increase the antioxidant capacity of carrots’ tissue in a dose-dependent manner. An amount of 20 mg/L of type 2 and 5 silver nanoparticle formulations increased the antioxidant capacity 3.3-fold and 4.1-fold, respectively. The phenolic compounds that significantly increased their content after the AgNP treatment were chlorogenic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5′-caffeoylquinic acid. The increment of each compound depended on the dose and the type of the used AgNPs. The exogenous application of Argovit® AgNPs works like controlled abiotic stress and produces high-value secondary bioactive compounds in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sofia Santoscoy-Berber
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.S.S.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.S.S.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Melissa Zulahi Gallegos-Granados
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC)—Campus Tijuana, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos García-Ramos
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, UABC, Blvd. Zertuche y Blvd., De los Lagos S/N Fracc, Valle Dorado, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (J.C.G.-R.); (Y.T.-M.)
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, UABC, Blvd. Zertuche y Blvd., De los Lagos S/N Fracc, Valle Dorado, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (J.C.G.-R.); (Y.T.-M.)
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 107, Ensenada 22860, Mexico;
| | - Rocio Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.S.S.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: or
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3
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Liu W, Li J, Zhang X, Zu Y, Yang Y, Liu W, Xu Z, Gao H, Sun X, Jiang X, Zhao Q. Current Advances in Naturally Occurring Caffeoylquinic Acids: Structure, Bioactivity, and Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10489-10516. [PMID: 32846084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are a broad class of secondary metabolites that have been found in edible and medicinal plants from various families. It has been 100 years since the discovery of chlorogenic acid in 1920. In recent years, a number of naturally derived CQAs have been isolated and structurally elucidated. Accumulated evidence demonstrate that CQAs have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidation, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic effects. Up to date, some meaningful progresses on the biosynthesis and total synthesis of CQAs have also been made. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the structure, biological activity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis of CQAs. This review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring CQAs discovered from 1990 until 2020. Modern isolation techniques, chemical data (including structure, biosynthesis, and total synthesis), and bioactivity are summarized. This would be helpful for further research of CQAs as potential pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingda Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
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Wang P, Huang H, Chen B, Su Y, Shi P, Yao H. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Mechanisms of Dengzhan Xixin Injection against Cardiovascular Diseases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:837-847. [PMID: 32879224 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengzhan Xixin injection (DZXXI), a herbal product prepared from a Chinese herb called Erigeron breviscapus, is a classical and traditional therapeutic for cadiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, and stroke, etc. However, its potential pharmacology mechanism against CVDs remains unclear. In this paper, a systems pharmacology-based strategy is presented for predicting drug targets and understanding therapeutic mechanisms of DZXXI against CVDs. The main ingredients were identified by HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). The target fishing was performed on the PharmMapper Server (http://lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/). Potential targets were confirmed by two molecular docking tools, Sybyl-X 1.3 and Ledock to ensure the accuracy. The resulting target proteins were applied as baits to fish their related diseases and pathways from the molecular annotation system (MAS 3.0, http://bioinfo.capitalbio.com/mas3/) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/). Network generation and topological analysis were performed in Cytoscape 3.6.0. 15 main ingredients from DZXXI were identified. Forty five putative drug targets and 50 KEGG pathways, which have highly relevance to the therapeutic effects of DZXXI against CVDs, were then obtained. The systems analysis suggested that DZXXI could attenuate cardiac fibrosis, regulate cardiac contractility, and preserve heart function in adverse cardiac remodeling; meanwhile DZXXI also could have the function of activating blood circulation and dilating blood vessels. DZXXI exerts its therapeutic effects on CVDs possibly through multi-targets including CMA1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH), SRC, F7, etc., and multi-pathways including Focal adhesion, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, Wnt signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, Renin-angiotensin system, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
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Petrič D, Mravčáková D, Kucková K, Čobanová K, Kišidayová S, Cieslak A, Ślusarczyk S, Váradyová Z. Effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) on in vitro ruminal antioxidant capacity and fermentation patterns of sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1219-1232. [PMID: 32202350 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) and dietary substrates containing a mix of the plants on the end products of in vitro ruminal and intestinal fermentation, rumen protozoan population and ruminal antioxidant capacity of sheep. The experiment consisted of fermentations with the four plants used individually as the sole substrate and fermentation of a mix of medicinal plants (Plants): meadow hay:barley grain (MH:B), 700/300 w/w and Plants:MH:B, 100/600/300 w/w/w. The experiment was conducted using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with 35 ml of buffered inocula and approximately 250 mg (DM basis) of substrate incubated for 24 hr at 39°C in anaerobic conditions. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry in Plants identified three main groups: flavonoids (22 mg/g DM), phenolic acids (15 mg/g DM) and alkaloids (3 mg/g DM). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the plant extracts and rumen fluid was analysed using a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The values of total and individual short-chain fatty acids, acetate:propionate ratio, pH and total gas production were significantly affected by the single plant substrates and inocula (p < .001). Apart from these parameters, the values of ammonia N, methane production and total gas produced were decreased in Plants:MH:B in comparison with MH:B (p < .001). A positive correlation was recorded between total polyphenols content and TAC of plant extracts (R2 = .778, p < .001). The counts of the total ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid after 24 hr of fermentation were not significantly different (p > .05). Results suggest that the dietary substrate containing the medicinal plant mix possessed strong ruminal antioxidant capacity, had the potential to reduce methane emission and ammonia concentration and caused desirable changes in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petrič
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Kucková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Skała E, Makowczyńska J, Wieczfinska J, Kowalczyk T, Sitarek P. Caffeoylquinic Acids with Potential Biological Activity from Plant In vitro Cultures as Alternative Sources of Valuable Natural Products. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2817-2842. [PMID: 32048962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a long time, the researchers have been looking for new efficient methods to enhance production and obtain valuable plant secondary metabolites, which would contribute to the protection of the natural environment through the preservation of various plant species, often rare and endangered. These possibilities offer plant in vitro cultures which can be performed under strictly-controlled conditions, regardless of the season or climate and environmental factors. Biotechnological methods are promising strategies for obtaining the valuable plant secondary metabolites with various classes of chemical compounds including caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and their derivatives. CQAs have been found in many plant species which are components in the daily diet and exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuroprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. They have also been found to offer protection against Alzheimer's disease, and play a role in weight reduction and lipid metabolism control, as well as modulating the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase involved in glucose metabolism. METHODS This work presents the review of the recent advances in use in vitro cultures of various plant species for the alternative system to the production of CQAs and their derivatives. Production of the secondary metabolites in in vitro culture is usually performed with cell suspension or organ cultures, such as shoots and adventitious or transformed roots. To achieve high production of valuable secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures, the optimization of the culture condition is necessary with respect to both biomass accumulation and metabolite content. The optimization of the culture conditions can be achieved by choosing the type of medium, growth regulators or growth conditions, selection of high-productivity lines or culture period, supplementation of the culture medium with precursors or elicitor treatments. Cultivation for large-scale in bioreactors and genetic engineering: Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation and expression improvement of transcriptional factor or genes involved in the secondary metabolite production pathway are also efficient strategies for enhancement of the valuable secondary metabolites. RESULTS Many studies have been reported to obtain highly productive plant in vitro cultures with respect to CQAs. Among these valuable secondary metabolites, the most abundant compound accumulated in in vitro cultures was 5-CQA (chlorogenic acid). Highly productive cultures with respect to this phenolic acid were Leonurus sibiricus AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures which accumulated above 20 mg g-1 DW 5-CQA. It is known that di- and triCQAs are less common in plants than monoCQAs, but it was also possible to obtain them by biotechnological methods. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the various in vitro cultures of different plant species can be a profitable approach for the production of CQAs. In particular, an efficient production of these valuable compounds is possible by Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures, Leonurus sibiricus transformed roots and AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Echinacea angustifolia adventitious shoots, Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed plants, Lavandula viridis shoots, Sausera involucrata cell suspension and Cichorium intybus transformed roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowczyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Petinatti Pavarini D, Nogueira EF, Callejon DR, Soares DM, de Souza GEP, Cunha FDQ, Lopes JLC, Lopes NP. Novel bisabolane derivative from "arnica-da-serra" (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) reduces pro-nociceptive cytokines levels in LPS-stimulated rat macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:993-998. [PMID: 23688665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Hydro alcoholic leaves extracts (HALE) of Lychnophora ericoides Mart. ("false arnica" or "arnica-da-serra") had been popularly used against pain and inflammatory process. AIM The present work aimed to look for possible active volatile compounds that could be found in HALE of Lychnophora ericoides among the non volatile anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds previously reported. METHODS Harvests were performed during the end of the wet summer season (April) when scented branches were instantly collected and frozen. HALE's were simulated at the lab by following the procedures lectured by the locals. Mass Spectrometry experiments suggested structural information when using both EI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. After isolation through classical thin layer chromatography (TLC) procedures, the NMR experiments and signals assignments were carried out. The effects on the cytokines or nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed at in vitro assays that had monitored the levels of these substances on the supernatant of LPS-stimulated macrophage primary cell culture. RESULTS The major metabolite from HALE was isolated from the essential oil and the major compound had its molecular formulae established by Mass Spectrometry (High Resolution) and its structure by NMR. Literature-based investigation enables us to define the structure of the new metabolite as 6-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-4-enyl-2-acetyloxy) hept-5-en-2-ol and its name as orto-acetoxy-bisabolol. In vitro assay of interleukins release inhibition was carried out using rat peritoneal macrophages cultures. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced when cells were previously treated with low doses of orto-acetoxy-bisabolol, but neither IL-6 nor NO levels have their levels reduced. Results suggest that ethnical knowledge of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the "arnica-da-serra" HALE may be associated to the orto-acetoxy-bisabolol ability on synthesis inhibition of the key inflammatory/hypernociceptive mediators. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical investigation of the volatile active compounds in Lychnophora ericoides HALE allows us to isolate a new bisabolane derivative (orto-acetoxy-bisabolol) and to infer that this compound inhibits the synthesis of TNF-α and IL-1β, two important inflammatory mediators in the hypernociception. Our present data, in addition to literature's data, furnish scientific support to folk's use of Lychnophora ericoides as an endemic wound healer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petinatti Pavarini
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil
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