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Hao K, Wang Y, Xu JH, Nie C, Song S, Yu F, Zhao Z. Kaempferol is a novel antiviral agent against channel catfish virus infection through blocking viral attachment and penetration in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1323646. [PMID: 38111732 PMCID: PMC10725991 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1323646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish virus (CCV, Ictalurid herpesvirus 1) is the causative pathogen of channel catfish virus disease, which has caused high mortality and substantial economic losses in the catfish aquaculture industry. Due to the lack of licensed prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic drugs, the prevention and control of CCV infection seem to remain stagnant. Active compounds from medicinal plants offer eligible sources of pharmaceuticals and lead drugs to fight against endemic and pandemic diseases and exhibit excellent effect against viral infection. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral ability of 12 natural compounds against CCV with cell models in vitro and found kaempferol exhibited the strongest inhibitory compound against CCV infection among all the tested compounds. Correspondingly, kaempferol decreased transcription levels of viral genes and the synthesis of viral proteins, as well as reduced proliferation and release of viral progeny, the severity of the CPE induced by CCV in a dose-dependent manner, based on quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, viral cytopathic effects (CPE) and viral titer assessment. Moreover, time-of-drug-addition assays, virus attachment, and penetration assays revealed that kaempferol exerted anti-CCV activity probably by blocking attachment and internalization of the viral entry process. Altogether, the present results indicated that kaempferol may be a promising candidate antiviral agent against CCV infection, which shed light on the development of a novel and potent treatment for fish herpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Kim JW, Kim H, Park H, Yoon JS, Kim MI, Ko JW, Kim TW. Repeated oral dose toxicity and genotoxicity of a standardized Quisqualis indica extract. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:577-589. [PMID: 36277358 PMCID: PMC9532493 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quisqualis indica L. of Combretaceae family is a traditional medicine that is widely used for various gastrointestinal discomfort including stomach pain, constipation, and digestive problem. In this study, the potential repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity of a standardized Quisqualis indica L. extract (HU033) were determined under good laboratory practice conditions. For the repeated dose toxicity test, HU033 was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 13 consecutive weeks. The genotoxicity of HU033 was determined with a standard battery of genotoxicity test, including an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo micronucleus test. After 13 weeks of repeated dose of HU033 by oral administration, there was no treatment related adverse clinical sign including food consumption, organ weights, and histopathological findings or significant decrement in bodyweight. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of HU033 was higher than 2000 mg/kg in both male and female SD rats. No target organs were identified. In addition, no evidence of HU033 genotoxicity was detected based on results from the bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus test. Based on results of this study, HU033 could be safely used in food and medical products within the tested dose range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34131 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Kim
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Yoon
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Il Kim
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34131 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34131 Republic of Korea
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Mubeen B, Hasnain A, Mehboob R, Rasool R, Riaz A, Elaskary SA, Shah MM, Faridi TA, Ullah I. Hydroponics and elicitation, a combined approach to enhance the production of designer secondary medicinal metabolites in Silybum marianum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897795. [PMID: 36035667 PMCID: PMC9399754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used to cure human diseases since decades. Silybum marianum, a medicinal plant, is regarded as a source of secondary metabolites with therapeutic value against liver diseases and diabetes. The present study was conducted to enrich the production of secondary metabolites in the vegetative parts of Silybum marianum using elicitation strategy in hydroponic system with different elicitors. The elicitors of fungus Aspergillus niger (0.2 g/L), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (100 μM) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (1 ppm) were added in hydroponic medium, individually and in combination form to the 15 days old plant. The elicitor-treated plants were harvested at different time points (24-144 h; increment 24 h) and their biochemical parameters like phenolics, flavonoids, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. The results showed hyper-accumulation of these biochemical contents, especially in response to MeJA (100 μM), followed by AgNPs (1 ppm) and co-treatment of AgNPs (1 ppm) with other elicitors. The results revealed that the treatment with MeJA (100 μM) exhibited the highest flavonoid (304 μg g-1), phenolic (372 μg g-1), and SOD (16.2 U g-1) contents. For NO levels, the maximum value of 198.6 nmole g-1 was achieved in response to the treatment with MeJA + Green synthesized AgNPs (100 μM + 1 ppm). Our findings depicted an enhanced production of medicinally important plant secondary metabolites and antioxidants; hence, the method applied in this study can play a significant role to improve therapeutic values of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Mehboob
- Lahore Medical Research Centre, LLP and LMRC Laboratories, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Riaz
- Department of Zoology, GC Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shymaa Abdelsattar Elaskary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tallat Anwar Faridi
- University Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Paksitan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Effect of Crocus sativus (Saffron) Intake on Top of Standard Treatment, on Disease Outcomes and Comorbidities in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) and Level of Adherence to the CONSORT Statement for Randomized Controlled Trials Delivering Herbal Medicine Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124274. [PMID: 34959826 PMCID: PMC8706139 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases (RDs) are often complicated by chronic symptoms and frequent side-effects associated with their treatment. Saffron, a spice derived from the Crocus sativus L. flower, is a popular complementary and alternative medicine among patients with RDs. The present systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the efficacy of supplementation with saffron on disease outcomes and comorbidities in patients with RD diagnoses. PubMed, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and the grey literature were searched until October 2021, and relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened for eligibility using Rayyan. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias-2.0 (RoB) tool. A synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was performed by vote counting and an effect direction plot was created. Out of 125 reports, seven fulfilled the eligibility criteria belonging to five RCTs and were included in the SWiM. The RCTs involved patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia, and evaluated outcomes related to pain, disease activity, depression, immune response, inflammation, oxidative stress, health, fatigue and functional ability. The majority of trials demonstrated some concerns regarding overall bias. Moreover, the majority of trialists failed to adhere to the formula elaborations suggested by the CONSORT statement for RCTs incorporating herbal medicine interventions. Standardization of herbal medicine confirms its identity, purity and quality; however, the majority of trials failed to adhere to these guidelines. Due to the great heterogeneity and the lack of important information regarding the standardization and content of herbal interventions, it appears that the evidence is not enough to secure a direction of effect for any of the examined outcomes.
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Correlative study of heavy metal content with biological importance of Solanum virginianum leaf extract. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have greatly impacted the inherent soil composition. Heavy metals disposed in the environment by anthropogenic activities toxicate flora and ultimately affect the phytochemical profile of medicinal plants. We report here such an investigation of the heavy metal concentrations in the leaf extract of Solanum virginianum (S. virginianum). This work has been extended to observe the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial significance of leaf extracts in methanol and aqueous medium.
Methods
The metal concentration was analysed on ICE 3000 series atomic absorption spectrometer. The antibacterial assessment was carried by disc diffusion technique against three gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.
Results
The content of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb) were 2.04, 0.47, 0.41, and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. Saponin and coumarin were present in both extracts. Various other phytochemicals like steroids, terpenoid, and flavonoid, were present only in the water extract, while tannin was present only on methanol extract. The methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited their highest inhibition on S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12 mm and 14 mm, respectively.
Conclusion
The aqueous extract possessed more phytochemicals than the methanol extract, and the aqueous extract exhibited better antibacterial activity. The high Fe content in the leaf extract may suggest its use as an anaemic medicine. Other metal contents are under the WHO range.
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Martinez-Farina CF, Driscoll S, Wicks C, Burton I, Wentzell PD, Berrué F. Chemical Barcoding: A Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Approach To Ensure the Quality and Safety of Natural Ingredients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7765-7774. [PMID: 31240917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges facing the functional food and natural health product (NHP) industries is sourcing high-quality, functional, natural ingredients for their finished products. Unfortunately, the lack of ingredient standards, modernized analytical methodologies, and industry oversight creates the potential for low quality and, in some cases, deliberate adulteration of ingredients. By exploring a diverse library of NHPs provided by the independent certification organization ISURA, we demonstrated that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an innovative solution to authenticate botanicals and warrant the quality and safety of processed foods and manufactured functional ingredients. Two-dimensional NMR experiments were shown to be a robust and reproducible approach to capture the content of complex chemical mixtures, while a binary normalization step allows for emphasizing the chemical diversity in each sample, and unsupervised statistical methodologies provide key advantages to classify, authenticate, and highlight the potential presence of additives and adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo F Martinez-Farina
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Stephen Driscoll
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Chelsi Wicks
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Ian Burton
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Peter D Wentzell
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Fabrice Berrué
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
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Wegener T. Patterns and Trends in the Use of Herbal Products, Herbal Medicine and Herbal Medicinal Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/ijcam.2017.09.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Poon SL, Pang ST, McPherson JR, Yu W, Huang KK, Guan P, Weng WH, Siew EY, Liu Y, Heng HL, Chong SC, Gan A, Tay ST, Lim WK, Cutcutache I, Huang D, Ler LD, Nairismagi ML, Lee MH, Chang YH, Yu KJ, Chan-on W, Li BK, Yuan YF, Qian CN, Ng KF, Wu CF, Hsu CL, Bunte RM, Stratton MR, Futreal PA, Sung WK, Chuang CK, Ong CK, Rozen SG, Tan P, Teh BT. Genome-Wide Mutational Signatures of Aristolochic Acid and Its Application as a Screening Tool. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:197ra101. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mandal V, Gopal V, Mandal SC. An inside to the Better Understanding of the Ethnobotanical Route to Drug Discovery- the Need of the Hour. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For pharmaceuticals ranging from Digitalis to vincristine, the ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery has proven successful. The value of ethnobotanical information in drug development is based on several factors, which are discussed. Published ethnomedical information has many strengths and weaknesses relative to the ability to establish a corresponding biological effect in the laboratory. The ability to correlate ethnomedical reports with corresponding scientific studies could lead to improved selection of plants for further scientific studies. The application of NAPRALERT database in this regard is also discussed. An elaborate plant to drug pathway has been traced out for young researchers to make the drug discovery pathway more approachable. Various cautions related to possible errors during the ethnobotanical approach have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Mandal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, India 495009
| | - Velmani Gopal
- Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Subhash C. Mandal
- Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India 700032
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