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Liu F, Cao L, Hu S, Ye H, Wu Q, Wu L. Muscone promotes functional recovery by facilitating microglia polarization into M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ pathway after ischemic stroke. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104704. [PMID: 36921554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring regimens to facilitate microglia transformation from M1 to M2 phenotype is a feasible strategy to suppress neuroinflammation, therefore reinforcing functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Muscone easily crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and distributes throughout the brain. Here, the results illustrated the administration of 8 mg/kg muscone promoted functional recovery through reducing the infarct volume by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining after ischemic stroke in mice. Then, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), was significantly decreased, whereas the level of anti-inflammatory agents including C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was obviously elevated in penumbra with the treatment of 8 mg/kg muscone using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Subsequently, the results showed the application of muscone upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) to facilitate microglia transformation into M2 phenotype using RT-qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Collectively, the present study provides evidence for our hypothesis that muscone intensifies microglia transformation into M2 phenotype via activating PPAR-γ signaling pathway in penumbra after ischemic stroke. These findings demonstrate muscone is a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China
| | - Liwei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China
| | - Shejing Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China
| | - Le Wu
- Department of Neurology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, PR China.
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Ren W, Zhao F, Han Y, Liu Z, Zhai J, Jia K. Muscone improves hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neuronal injury by blocking HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway via modulating microRNA-142. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13523. [PMID: 35860039 PMCID: PMC9290999 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have indicated that natural muscone has neuroprotective effects against cerebral hypoxia injury; however, little is known in regards to its pharmacological mechanism. In this study, we tried to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of muscone against cerebral hypoxia injury using an in vitro model. The cerebral hypoxia injury cell model was produced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the cell counting Kit-8 and the Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection kit, respectively. To screen microRNAs regulated by muscone, we analyzed the gene expression datasets of GSE84216 retrieved from gene expression omnibus (GEO). Here, it was demonstrated that muscone treatment significantly alleviated the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in H/R-exposed neurons. Subsequently, through analyzing GSE84216 from the GEO database, miR-142-5p was markedly upregulated by treatment of muscone in this cell model of cerebral hypoxia injury. Further experiments revealed that downregulation of miR-142-5p eliminated the neuroprotective effects of muscone against H/R induced neuronal injury. Additionally, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important inflammatory factor, was identified as a direct target of miR-142-5p in neurons. Meanwhile, we further demonstrated that muscone could reduce the expression of HMGB1 by upregulating miR-142-5p expression, which subsequently resulted in the inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, finally leading to the improvement of cell injury in H/R-exposed neurons. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that muscone treatment alleviates cerebral hypoxia injury in in vitro experiments through blocking activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting HMGB1, suggesting that muscone may serve as a potential therapeutic drug for treating cerebral hypoxia injury.
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Liu Z, Li H, Ma W, Pan S. Network pharmacology to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of muscone in Xingnaojing injections for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11696. [PMID: 34322321 PMCID: PMC8300495 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xingnaojing injections (XNJI) are widely used in Chinese medicine to mitigate brain injuries. An increasing number of studies have shown that XNJI may improve neurological function. However, XNJI's active ingredients and molecular mechanisms when treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unknown. Methods XNJI's chemical composition was acquisited from literature and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. We used the "absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion" (ADME) parameter-based virtual algorithm to further identify the bioactive components. We then screened data and obtained target information regarding TBI and treatment compounds from public databases. Using a Venn diagram, we intersected the information to determine the hub targets. Cytoscape was used to construct and visualize the network. In accordance with the hub proteins, we then created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING 11.0. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed according to the DAVID bioinformatics resource database (ver. 6.8). We validated the predicted compound's efficacy using the experimental rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. The neuronal apoptosis was located using the TUNEL assay and the related pathways' hub proteins were determined by PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. Results We identified 173 targets and 35 potential compounds belonging to XNJI. STRING analysis was used to illustrate the protein-protein interactions and show that muscone played a fundamental role in XNJI's efficacy. Enrichment analysis revealed critical signaling pathways in these components' potential protein targets, including PI3K/AKT1, NF-kB, and p53. Moreover, the hub proteins CASP3, BCL2L1, and CASP8 were also involved in apoptosis and were associated with PI3K/AKT, NF-kB, and p53 signaling pathways. We showed that muscone and XNJI were similarly effective 168 h after CCI, demonstrating that the muscone in XNJI significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt1/NF-kB/P53 pathway. Conclusion We verified the neuroprotective mechanism in muscone for the first time in TBI. Network pharmacology offers a new approach for identifying the potential active ingredients in XNJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Liu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Pan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Li H, Ma W, Pan S. Network pharmacology to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of muscone in Xingnaojing injections for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11696
expr 815766523 + 815110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Xingnaojing injections (XNJI) are widely used in Chinese medicine to mitigate brain injuries. An increasing number of studies have shown that XNJI may improve neurological function. However, XNJI’s active ingredients and molecular mechanisms when treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unknown.
Methods
XNJI’s chemical composition was acquisited from literature and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. We used the “absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion” (ADME) parameter-based virtual algorithm to further identify the bioactive components. We then screened data and obtained target information regarding TBI and treatment compounds from public databases. Using a Venn diagram, we intersected the information to determine the hub targets. Cytoscape was used to construct and visualize the network. In accordance with the hub proteins, we then created a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING 11.0. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed according to the DAVID bioinformatics resource database (ver. 6.8). We validated the predicted compound’s efficacy using the experimental rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. The neuronal apoptosis was located using the TUNEL assay and the related pathways’ hub proteins were determined by PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining.
Results
We identified 173 targets and 35 potential compounds belonging to XNJI. STRING analysis was used to illustrate the protein–protein interactions and show that muscone played a fundamental role in XNJI’s efficacy. Enrichment analysis revealed critical signaling pathways in these components’ potential protein targets, including PI3K/AKT1, NF-kB, and p53. Moreover, the hub proteins CASP3, BCL2L1, and CASP8 were also involved in apoptosis and were associated with PI3K/AKT, NF-kB, and p53 signaling pathways. We showed that muscone and XNJI were similarly effective 168 h after CCI, demonstrating that the muscone in XNJI significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt1/NF-kB/P53 pathway.
Conclusion
We verified the neuroprotective mechanism in muscone for the first time in TBI. Network pharmacology offers a new approach for identifying the potential active ingredients in XNJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Liu
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Pan
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Qin ZS, Zheng Y, Zhou XD, Shi DD, Cheng D, Shek CS, Zhan CS, Zhang ZJ. Shexiang Baoxin Pill, a Proprietary Multi-Constituent Chinese Medicine, Prevents Locomotor and Cognitive Impairment Caused by Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats: A Potential Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665456. [PMID: 33986688 PMCID: PMC8111446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common type of cerebrovascular event and also the leading cause of disability. Post-stroke cognitive impairment occurs frequently in stroke survivors. Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is a proprietary Chinese medicine, initially used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the effects of SBP on oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in neuronal cells (CATH.a) and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induced post-stroke cognitive impairment in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. MCAO rats received two doses of oral SBP treatment (28 or 56 mg/kg) after 1 h of operation and once daily for 2 weeks continuously. Behavioral tests, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were examined after 14 days. Current data suggest that SBP enhanced cell viability and downregulated apoptosis via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CATH. a cells. Furthermore, 14 days of SBP treatment promoted the recovery of learning and locomotor function in the MCAO rats. SBP up-regulated the expression of p-Akt, p-GSK3β, as well as the expression of NMDAR1, PSD-95, and AMPAR. Also, SBP down-regulated the expression of p-CaMKII. These results indicated that long-term SBP treatment might be a potential option for cognitive impairment induced by the ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Shi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi-Dan Zhou
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Shum Shek
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-Sen Zhan
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Innovation of Solid Preparation of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Musk for Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4063180. [PMID: 32714405 PMCID: PMC7354650 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4063180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to study the material basis and effective mechanism of musk for ischemic stroke (IS) based on the network pharmacology approach. Methods We collected the chemical components and target gene of musk from the BATMAN-TCM analytical platform and identified ischemic stroke-related targets from the following databases: DisGeNET, NCBI-Gene, HPO, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD. The targets of musk and IS were uploaded to the String database to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and then, the key targets were analyzed by topological methods. At last, the function biological process and signaling pathways of key targets were carried out by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and cluster analysis by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server and Metascape platform. Results A total of 29 active compounds involving 1081 predicted targets were identified in musk and there were 1104 IS-related targets. And 88 key targets of musk for IS were obtained including AKT1, MAPK1/3, TP53, TNF, SRC, FOS, CASP3, JUN, NOS3, and IL1B. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that these key targets are mainly involved in multiple pathways which participated in TNF signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and HIF1 signaling pathway. Conclusion This study revealed that the effective mechanisms of musk against IS would be associated with the regulation of apoptosis, inflammatory response, and gene transcription.
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Ogasawara J, Ito T, Wakame K, Kitadate K, Sakurai T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Izawa T, Takahashi K, Ishida H, Takabatake I, Kizaki T, Ohno H. ETAS, an Enzyme-treated Asparagus Extract, Attenuates Amyloid β-Induced Cellular Disorder in PC 12 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pathological characterizations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in cerebral cortical cells. The deposition of Aβ in neuronal cells leads to an increase in the production of free radicals that are typified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing cell death. A growing body of evidence now suggests that several plant-derived food ingredients are capable of scavenging ROS in mammalian cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS), which is rich in antioxidants, is one of these ingredients. The pre-incubation of differentiated PC 12 cells with ETAS significantly recovered Aβ-induced reduction of cell viability, which was accompanied by reduced levels of ROS. These results suggest that ETAS may be one of the functional food ingredients with anti-oxidative capacity to help prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Koji Wakame
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takabatake
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- Celelign Orthodontic Clinic, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Liu Y, Yasui N, Kishimoto A, Sun JN, Ikeda K. Antioxidant Action of Solid Preparation of Xingnaojing in SHRSP. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant action of a solid preparation of Xingnaojing (XNJ) and ascorbic acid (AA) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The total antioxidant states in the plasma, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured every 2 weeks, and lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma, was measured in the 6th week. The results showed that AA and XNJ significantly increased the total antioxidant status in plasma and reduced malondialdehyde in the plasma. These data suggest that during 6-week administration, XNJ has antioxidant action on SHRSP, which may relate to its generalized inhibition of lipid peroxidation and promotion of the total antioxidant state. These results demonstrated that orally treated XNJ has an antioxidant effect on SHRSP plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Aya Kishimoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Jian-ning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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